the atomic force microscope

... putting this thesis together, this is without doubt the most important section of the entire thesis This thesis and all the studies it encompass will not have been possible without the help of ... interaction with another drug or food the patient is taking b The effect of the drug has been altered due to enzyme inhibition/induction from another drug the patient is taking c The effect of the drug ... Introduction b The patient did not comply (adherence) with the recommended directions for using the medication c The patient did not take the drug as directed owing to the high cost of the product d The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:33

... Coherence Tomography in ocular toxoplasmosis • Usefulness of vitrectomy in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis • Update on the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis We hope that this special issue will ... provides researchers with timely update on various topics in this important field Conflict of Interest The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists http://www.medsci.org ...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:11

... is required by the Throwable inter face) 13.2.2 IllegalComponentStateException Example The following code throws an IllegalComponentStateException The Exception occurs because the TextField peer ... -Dawt.toolkit=foo throwme The error occurs because the Java interpreter tries to use the toolkit foo, which does not exist (assuming that class foo does not exist in your CLASSPATH) Therefore, getDefaultToolkit() ... should be fairly easy to correct the problem and retry the operation 13.2.1 IllegalComponentStateException Method Constructor public IllegalComponentStateException () # The first constructor creates...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 06:20

... which is located to the west of the study area The circle within the map of the Netherlands indicates were the study area is situated, the area marked in black is the area the NO2-model was developed ... shows the distribution of the predictors of the NO2 model For one address the distance to the nearest busy road was outside the range of the distances for the monitoring sites based on which the ... in the Netherlands The study area consisted of three municipalities Shown are the seven towns or villages within these municipalities, the highways (provincial roads) adjacent to the area and the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... and then use the diagram to write the mathematical form of the quantum-mechanical amplitude for that process to occur In this rst part of the book we will develop both the theory of QED and the ... or any other means On the other hand, the formalism we have developed is extremely important, since the free theory forms the basis for doing perturbative calculations in the interacting theory ... with a rather formal treatment of the simplest type of eld: the real Klein-Gordon eld The idea is to start with a classical eld theory (the theory of a classical scalar eld governed by the Lagrangian...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:38

... Compute the area of the circle Compute the circumference of the circle Print or display the value of the area of the circle to the output device Print or display the value of the circumference of the ... Compute the area of the circle Compute the circumference of the circle Print or display the value of area of the circle to the output device Print or display the value of cir of the circle to the ... to the corresponding value in Fahrenheit The mathematical formula expressing the conversion assigns a value to the desired temperature in the variable F, the dependent variable The values of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:10

... reader to “skip over the math.” After all, skipping over the math defeats the purpose of the book Notwithstanding the remarks above, the present book lacks the rigor of a mathematically formal ... PREFACE The subject of numerical analysis has a long history In fact, it predates by centuries the existence of the modern computer Of course, the advent of the modern computer in the middle of the ... of these really very general ideas The vector dot product is an example of an inner product on a vector space, while the Euclidean norm (i.e., the square root of the sum of the squares of the...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:09

... and rule off the distance from the fingertips of the left hand to the fingertips of the right while the student they were measuring stood with arms outstretched like a big bird After the assistant ... in cell C3, then copy the entry in C3 all the way down the column to C24 The result should look like Fig 1.17 Note that the entries in Column C are the cumulative frequencies of the observations, ... classroom The mode is at 157.5 cm But aren’t there really two modes, one corresponding to the boys, the other to the girls in the class? As you can see from Fig 1.24, a histogram of the heights...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 10:03

... the square, and let these be the second, fourth, sixth, etc., of the digits of the number x’ Let x’ be the distance of the point P’ from the left-hand end of the line Then the point P’ maps the ... upon by a force The change in velocity of a body is in the direction of the force acting on it, and the magnitude of the change is proportional to the force acting on the body times the time during ... little concerning the nature of theorems and the need for proving them Mathematical theorems are inherent in the rigorous statement of the general problem or field That the player with the first move...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:05

... ventilated by these waters For example, the cooling of the bottom layer of the Argentine Basin in the late 1980s can be related to the cooling of the deep Weddell Sea during the polynya years of the 1970s ... sea water and therefore floats During the course of a year, tremendous areal expanses of sea water in the Arctic, the Southern Ocean, and also in the Baltic and other seas such as the Caspian and ... complexity for the atmosphere and the ocean The deep and bottom waters produced by the polar oceans form part of the global thermohaline circulation Therefore, sea ice processes contribute to the driving...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:28

... facing the MEMS field One of these I call the challenge of the “500 MEMS Companies” and the other, the “10,000 MEMS Designers.” For the field to fully take root and become ubiquitous, there must ... turned down the offer to work with the faculty of that era: the work sometimes appeared too farfetched for the taste of even the green-eyed zealots among the graduate student population In the 10 ... announced, “Well, then, the name is MEMS.” In this way, the group came to consensus The research they conducted, unique to any currently being conducted in the United States (or the world for that...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Armstrong The Promise of Technology The ambulance sped down the Denver highway carrying Mr Rosnes Avon to the hospital The flashing lights illuminated the darkness of the night, and the siren ... to be a synthetic white pad The pen recognized the pattern of his handwriting and translated it to text for the laptop computer resting on the desk by the window He drew a sketch of the pacemaker ... that the ambulance did not skid on the icy highway In the event of an accident, the crash acceleration sensor guaranteed the airbags would deploy just in time to protect the passengers The silicon...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... force along the z axis, and d31 for voltage along the z axis but force along the x or y axis The units of the charge coefficients are C/N, which are the same as m/V The choice depends on whether ... field, there are three distinct thermoelectric effects: the Seebeck, the Peltier, and the Thomson effects [25] The Seebeck effect is the most frequently used (e.g., in thermocouples for the measurement ... temperature, in practice, thermocouples employ a junction of two dissimilar materials The measurable voltage at the leads, ∆V, is the sum of voltages across both legs of the thermocouple Therefore, ∆V =...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... when the etch reaches the buried oxide layer, the positive ions charge the oxide, deflecting subsequent ions to the side The ion bombardment degrades the passivation layer at the bases of the ... (b) the alignment marks on the back side of the wafer are brought in focus; and (c) the position of the wafer is adjusted by translation and rotation to align the marks to the stored image The ... occurs during the reaction There is little consensus on the origin of the selectivity to {111} crystallographic planes Proposals made throughout the literature attribute the anisotropy to the lower...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... in the spaces left from the patterned deposition, as well as coating the first metal The structure is then planarized, leaving the entire substrate covered by patterns of the two metals, all the ... photosensitive The resist is heated above its glass transition temperature so that it flows easily under pressure The mold is then pressed into the resist, which flows to the sides of the high points in the ... rather, the theme is to illustrate the state of the technology by providing sufficient examples of structures and systems that have proven their commercial viability or show promise to so in the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Holes through the inertial mass reduce the damping effect from air trapped in the enclosed cavity, increasing the operating bandwidth of the sensor Unlike other designs, the contacts to the electrodes ... electrostatic force If C is the capacitance between two parallel plates [see Figure 4.2(a)], x is the spacing between them, and V is an externally applied voltage, the electrostatic force is then ½CV ... voltage V and a spacing x The attractive force is normal to the plate surfaces (b) An illustration of an electrostatic comb actuator The attractive force is in the direction of the interdigitated teeth...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... together such that the cavities are facing each other The cavity depth determines the separation between the two tines An etch step in TMAH removes the silicon on the front side and stops on the ... a Lorentz force Its radial component is responsible for the oscillation of the ring in the plane of the die at approximately 14.5 kHz the mechanical resonant frequency of the ring The sensing ... of the plane of the die, driven by a thin-film piezoelectric aluminum nitride actuator on top of one of the tines The Coriolis forces on the tines produce a torquing moment around the stem of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... each other Similarly, the horizontal pressure forces acting on the external surfaces of the slot balance each other because the pressure outside the slot is equal to the outlet pressure pout The ... heats them, resulting in their expansion The centers of the ribs push the movable pushrod to the left in the drawing [5], applying a torque about the fixed hinge and moving the slider tip in the ... section of the sliding plate microvalve depicting the inlet and outlet ports, as well as the slider and the ribs of the thermal actuator The slider’s motion to the right of the picture reduces the size...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... improving the overall mechanical response The actuation force is given by the Lorentz force and depends on the following key parameters: the length and orientation of the drive coil and the intensity ... Rotating the mirror around a virtual pivot point changes the wavelength and tunes the laser collimating lens, then diffracts on the grating The mirror reflects back into the cavity and the gain ... approximately 600 µm above the surface of the actuator The maximum range of rotation of the actuator necessary to tune the laser over the entire C-Band depends on the dispersion of the grating At 1,200...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... to the other end Due to drag at the walls, the flow is slowest at the edges, increasing in a parabolic profile to a maximum at the center [see Figure 6.1(a)] Another familiar pumping force is the ... rotates in the complex plane by 180º At the center wavelength, εc, the phasor corresponding to the compensating ribbon remains in the same orientation as εr, the phasor for the reference ribbon The ... of the wafer, then followed by standard lithography on the front side to delineate the coil layout The thin gold layer on the back side will ultimately serve as the reflecting surface of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22