... MICROCONTROLLERS
The 8051MicrocontrollerandEmbedded
Systems: UsingAssemblyand C
Mazidi, Mazidi and McKinlay
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Cheng Kung University, ... TAIWAN
31
HANEL
INSIDE THE
COMPUTER
Inside CPUs
(cont)
ALU (arithmetic/logic unit)
ắ Performs arithmetic functions such as add,
subtract, multiply, and divide, and logic
functions such as AND, OR, and NOT
... Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN
6
HANEL
MICRO-
CONTROLLERS
AND
EMBEDDED
PROCESSORS
Microcontrollers
for Embedded
Systems
An embedded...
... Information Systems Science
5
Set the clock time
The user can set the clock time and adjust it to the current time zone.
Watch the time
The system constantly shows the current time and date on the display. ... diagram
The Alarm Clock Class Diagram
The Alarm Clock class keeps the current time and date andthe alarm time. The Alarm
Clock uses a timer to measure the pass of the time. Each second updates the ... object provides accurate timing and scheduling for the time dependent
objects, like the alarm clock.
The alarm clock object subscribes itself to the scheduler object. Every second, the
scheduler...
... policies and organizations
that determine their access to assets/
opportunities andthe returns they can achieve
● the access of the poor to social, human,
natural, financial and physical capital ... female and male participants. For
example, depending on culture and other
circumstances, it is sometimes the case that
female participants in the sub-sector face more
difficulties in accessing certain ... Project Partnership 13
Approaching the Topic 14
Mapping the Commodity Chain 14
Understanding the Livelihoods Context of Sub-sector Participants 14
Economic Analysis Focusing on Financial Capital...
... The
exception is the connection between the Stack cache andthe arithmetic units that is 96 bits. This
allows for long operands to pass from the cache to the arithmetic units in a single cycle.
The ... logical blocks that are unique to this design are the ARM I/O interface andthe interface
controller. The interface is connected inside the ATEB9200 board to both the instruction and data
caches ... well as the interface controller. Instructions for execution flow through the interface and
into the instruction cache for execution.
The interface controller maintains the link between the Kaffe...
... particular attention. The classical pencil and paper algorithm
implies the sequential computation of a set of carries, each of them depending on
the preceding one. As a consequence, the execution ... seem and is much less than the number of engineers dedicated to production
and sales. The case of embeddedsystems is different. Embeddedsystems are circuits
designed for speci c applications ... operations, and thus on
the costs and performances of the circuits that implement those algorithms. Apart
from the cost and performance, another aspect to take into account, when choosing
a number represe...
... is classi ed as cascaded.
3. Coupled—If the events mutually affect each other, the system is classi ed as
coupled.
1.2.4 According to the Nature and Type of Components
1. Static or dynamic ... systems
in sociology in terms of mechanical, organic, and process models. Klir (1969) well clas-
si ed thesystemsand de nes systems in terms of abstract, real, and conceptual physi-
cal systems, ... to understand
the complete picture, the interrelated variables, andthe effects they have on each other.
Introduction to Systems 5
to the former, when we are equally concerned about the internal...
... Development of Packed Columns and Their Significance in Rectification 15
In the same decade, the manufacturers Sulzer and Montz increased the range of struc-
tured packings, with speci c packing ranges ... columns
The effective void fraction of the packing (ε-h
L
) decreases, which results in an increase
in pressure drop p/H, based on the accepted law of resistance acc. to Darcy and Weis-
bach. As the ... efficiency at the minimum of the curve
n
t
/H = f(u
V
). The advantages of the method developed by Beck lie mainly in the sim-
ple use of the correlations, which have a practical significance in the...
... to be changed
for some common reason. The purpose of the change sets
is to allow controlled change in requirements and allow
tracking the changes later on by associating them to some
speci c goal.
Change ... stakeholders about the
semantics of the specification. The best approach to foster
this understanding and reduce misinterpretations is to force
specification writers to utilize disciplined and well-defined
templates, ... responsible for the life span of the requirement. The
owner takes care that the requirement is carried along the
project and that the actions taken in the project comply with
fulfilling the requirement....
... 3π/2,
−−→
r
i+1
=
⎧
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎨
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
−−−→
PC
i−1
+
−→
r
i
2
,
π
2
<arccos
−−→
POI·
−−−−→
PCINR
|
−−→
POI·
−−−−→
PCINR|
≤
3π
2
,
−−→
PC
i
+
−→
r
i
2
,
−
π
2
<arccos
−−→
POI·
−−−−→
PCINR
|
−−→
POI·
−−−−→
PCINR|
≤
π
2
,
(22)
where
→
r
is the vector of the aiming point,
→
a
s
is the vector
of SPP,
−−→
POI is the vector of POI,
−−→
PC
i
is the vector of the peak
carrier value, and
−−−−→
PCINR is the vector of the peak CINR ... illustrates the tradeoff between pointing accuracy
and convergence time.
To assess performance, we look at the special effects of the
scheme using a contour plot. These are shown in Figure 7.
The green circles ... performance of
this scheme relies on the fact that the CNR and CINR can be
Z. Peng and D. Grace 3
evaluated at different points on the service area. The CINR
of both HAP and terrestrial test users can...
... maintaining the spacecraft within the specified orbit.
The science applications are responsible for collecting science
data, compressing and storing the data, and transmitting the
stored data to the ground ... measured using
SLOCCount (www.dwheeler.com/sloccount/).
5.3. Evaluation of RACE’s scalability
Sections 4.1.2 and 4.1.6 claimed that the hierarchical design
of RACE’s monitors and effectors enables RACE ... Resource Monitor collects resource utilization
metrics of a speci c resource, such as CPU or memory. A
QoS Monitor collects speci c QoS metrics of an application,
such as end-to-end latency or throughput....
... in each of
these cases. These accelerators have been designed using gen-
eral low-energy desig n approaches both at the algorithmic
and architectural levels.
An application-speci c instruction ... systematic approach to de-
sign of low power video codec cores”, describe how a memory
and communication-centric design methodology can be tar-
geted to the development of dedicated cores for embedded
systems. ... some novel
hardware accelerator architectures for the most computa-
tionally demanding algorithms of MPEG-4 encoding, name-
ly motion estimation andthe forward/inverse discrete-cosine
transforms,...
... recent
Interrupt Controller chips—such as the I/O Advanced Pro-
CPU0
Loc-APIC 0
CPU1
Loc-APIC 1
CPU2
Loc-APIC 2
CPU3
Loc-APIC 3
I/O-APIC
Disk
Net
User device
Figure 5: A SMP using Intel IO-APIC.
grammable ... the
2
Actually, the first command could be omitted in this case, because issu-
ing either the second command or the third one will implicitly shield the
target CPU.
Table 1: Characteristics of the test ... instance, in the Intel processors this compo-
nent is called Local APIC. This internal controller receives the
signals coming from the external Interrupt Controllers and
sends them to the CPU core,...
... embedded computers are physically located within some larger device
or casing. Therefore, their shape and size may be dictated by the space available andthe
connections to the mechanical components. ...
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Spring 2009
25
systems. Factors such as efficiency and cost are major concerns for users of the ... the
embedded system, but also the trends at the chip level. The decisions made by the
designer impact the future of theembedded system being designed. Choosing the
processors and architecture...