tcp ip and netware protocols

... 65,535 Flags (xDM) x (reserved and set to 0) D (1 = Don't Fragment) M (1 = More Fragments) UDP GRE ESP AH 57 88 89 115 SKIP EIGRP OSPF L2TP Header Checksum Covers IP header only Addressing NET_ID ... Reserved Source Address Flags (Header Length) Destination Address IP Header Contents Internet Header Length Number of 32-bit words in IP header; minimum value = (20 bytes) & maximum value = 15 (60 ... ICMP IP Header TCP Header Bit Number 1111111111222222222233 01234567890123456789012345678901 Bit Number 1111111111222222222233...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 02:19

... Edwin Wright) Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking (Deon Reynders, Edwin Wright) Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics (Malcolm Barnes) Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking ... Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking Titles in the series Practical Cleanrooms: Technologies and Facilities (David Conway) Practical Data Acquisition for Instrumentation and Control Systems ... RG_KX 28 30 31 33   2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Interoperability and internetworking Protocols and protocol standards IEEE/ISO standards Network topologies   (XUGJIGYZ GTJ VUOTZZUVUOTZ ZUVURUMOKY...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... areas of TCP/ IP and Ethernet in detail, while going through the practical implementation of TCP/ IP in computer and industrial applications Troubleshooting and maintenance of TCP/ IP networks and communications ... understanding of the application of TCP/ IP Learn how to construct a robust local area network (LAN) Learn the basic skills in troubleshooting TCP/ IP and LANs Apply the TCP/ IP suite of protocols ... TCP/ IP and this is being used as the open standard today for all network and communications systems The reasons for this popularity are not hard to find TCP/ IP and Ethernet are truly open standards...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... Initialization: Initializes the protocol parameters and commences the data transmission • Framing and synchronization: Defines the start and end of the frame and how the receiver can synchronize to the ... ability to handle the rate of change of the signal, that is its frequency An analog signal varies between a minimum and maximum frequency and the difference between those frequencies is the bandwidth ... half the power relative to the mid-band frequencies, referred to as dB points In which case the bandwidth is known as the dB bandwidth Figure 1.6 Channel bandwidth Digital signals are made up...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... of this model is to provide a framework for the coordination of standards development and allows both existing and evolving standards activities to be set within that common framework  5VKT ... same application, the problems seem to multiply Networks that are specific to one manufacturer and which work with specific hardware connections and protocols are called closed systems Usually, ... specifications and guidelines, which are ‘open’ to all This allows equipment from any manufacturer, who claims to comply with that standard, to be used interchangeably on the standard network...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... (TOP) and the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), and are designed as a subset of the OSI model At the field sensor level, a standard that is being used is the international Fieldbus standard ... MiniMAP and the Fieldbus protocol standards use the reduced OSI model with only three layers Similarly other industrial protocols such as the Allen Bradley Data Highway Plus protocol, Modbus Plus and ... equipment are using TCP/ IP to facilitate internetworking  6XUZUIURY GTJ VXUZUIUR YZGTJGXJY A protocol has already been defined as the rules for exchanging data in a manner that is understandable...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... =OXKRKYY 2'4Y The IEEE802.11 Wireless LAN standard uses the 2.4 GHz band and allows operation to or Mbps The 802.11b standard also uses the 2.4 GHz band, but allows operation at 11 Mbps The latest ... 802.7 broadband TAG The committee is attempting to standardize physical compatibility with FDDI and synchronous optical networks (SONET) It is also investigating single mode fiber and multimode ... Higher-level protocols can specify that a message is important and should receive higher priority Figure 2.22 Token passing A token ring network requires an active monitor (AM) and one or more standby...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... band and broadband signaling, and speeds of Mbps and 10 Mbps The standard is continuing to evolve, and this manual will look at 100 Mbps CSMA/CD systems in the next chapter The IEEE 802.3 standard ... IEEE as a standard In 1983, the IEEE issued the 802-3 standard for Carrier Sense; Multiple Access; Collision Detect LANs based on the Ethernet standard, which gave this networking standard even ... used for a network based on this standard They include coaxial cable, twisted pair cable and fiber optic cable In addition, there are different signaling standards and transmission speeds that can...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... 100 Mbps fast Ethernet and 1000 Mbps gigabit Ethernet transmission on both fiber optic and copper cables using the current high-speed LAN technologies 60 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking ... network The easiest, conceptually, is to increase the bandwidth and allow faster changes of the data signal This requires a high bandwidth medium and generates a considerable amount of high frequency ... CRC value that is computed in hardware at the transmitter and appended to the frame It is the same algorithm used in the 802.4 and 802.5 standard +ZNKXTKZ TKZ]UXQY   *OLLKXKTIK HKZ]KKT ...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... 100Base-T4 wiring 64 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 100Base-TX and 100Base-T4 are designed to be interoperable at the transceivers using a media independent interface and compatible (class 1) ... supported varies between 200 and 550 meters depending on the bandwidth and attenuation of the fiber optic cable used The standard 1000Base-SX NICs available today are full-duplex and incorporate SC fiber ... class II Fast and gigabit Ethernet systems 65 Figure 4.4 Class I and class II fast Ethernet repeaters 4.2.7 100Base-T adapters Adapter cards are readily available as standard 100Mbps and as 10/100Mbps...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... VXUZUIUR Y[OZK \Y ZNK '86' SUJKR TCP/ IP, or rather – the TCP/ IP protocol suite – is not limited to the TCP and IP protocols, but consist of a multitude of interrelated protocols that occupy the upper ... terms of IP addresses, subnet masks and default gateways • Understand the principles of routing, the difference between interior and exterior gateway protocols, name some examples of both and explain, ... class A, B and C addresses, and the relationship between class numbers, network ID and host ID • Explain the concept of classless addressing and CIDR • Explain the concept of subnet masks and prefixes...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... to IPv6 The IPv6 transition mechanisms ensure that IPv6 hosts can inter-operate with IPv4 hosts anywhere in the Internet up until the time when IPv4 addresses run out, and allows IPv6 and IPv4 ... Upgrading to and deployment of IPv6 can be achieved in stages Individual IPv4 hosts and routers may be upgraded to IPv6 one at a time without affecting any other hosts or routers New IPv6 hosts and routers ... following: • The IPv6 addressing structure embeds IPv4 addresses within IPv6 addresses, and encodes other information used by the transition mechanisms • All hosts and routers upgraded to IPv6 in the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... is used with IPv4 Initially the designers of IPv6 assumed that it would use ARP as well, but subsequent work by the SIP, SIPP and IPv6 working groups led to the development of the IPv6 ‘neighbor ... created between physical (MAC) addresses and Internet protocol (IP) addresses • When the interface board fails and has to be replaced the Internet protocol (IP) address then has to be remapped to ... will set operation = (ARP request), and insert  6XGIZOIGR :)6/6 GTJ +ZNKXTKZ 4KZ]UXQOTM its own IP and MAC addresses as well as the destination machine’s IP address in the header The field...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... routing protocol), and OSPF (open shortest path first) 8/6\ RIPv2 originally saw the light as RIP (RFC 1058, 1388) and is one of the oldest routing protocols The original RIP had a shortcoming ... VXUZUIURY  • IP identification This makes RIPv2 more effective than RIP as it prevents unnecessary hops This is useful where multiple routing protocols are used simultaneously and some routes ... systems) and possibly the Internet backbone be involved  /TZKXOUX K^ZKXOUX GTJ MGZK]G_ ZU MGZK]G_ VXUZUIURY There are three categories of TCP/ IP gateway protocols, namely interior gateway protocols, ...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... (transport) layer protocols 123 Figure 7.1 TCP and UDP within the ARPA model 7.1 TCP (transmission control protocol) 7.1.1 Basic functions TCP is a connection-oriented protocol and is therefore ... use of ports and sockets, connection oriented communication, sliding windows, and sequence numbers/acknowledgments 124 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 7.1.2 Ports Whereas IP can route ... The IP address is contained in the IP header and the port number is contained in the TCP or UDP header In order for any data to be transferred under TCP, a socket must exist both at the source and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... layer of the TCP/ IP model Protocols at this layer act as intermediaries between some user application (external to the TCP/ IP communication stack) and the lower-level protocols such as TCP or UDP ... application protocols at this level to the TCP/ IP protocol stack 134 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking 8.2 File transfer protocol (FTP) File transfer requires a reliable transport mechanism, and ... () character Some commands also require parameters The use of ASCII character sequences for commands allows the user to observe and understand the command flow, and aids the debugging process...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... registration and resolution on TCP/ IP In many respects WINS is like DNS However, while DNS resolves TCP/ IP host names to static IP addresses, WINS resolves NetBIOS names on TCP/ IP to dynamic ... such as the governing agency, administrative and technical contact names telephone and 146 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking fax numbers, and server information This information can also ... user at any type of TCP/ IP host can log into any other type of TCP/ IP host The local host and remote host may be running totally different operating systems Rlogin, on the other hand, is normally...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... used and free IP addresses 8.13.1 DHCP operation IP lease request This is the first step in obtaining an IP address under DHCP It is initiated by a host with TCP/ IP, configured to obtain an IP ... XID) A random tracking number as for the IP and ICMP protocols • Seconds: 16 bits The seconds elapsed since the client started to boot • Client IP address: 32 bits Set by the client to its IP address, ... it uses a TCP connection for this purpose Unlike SMTP, proper authentication with a user name and a password is required POP3 commands include the following STAT 156 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... a leased IP address Ipconfig will return, amongst other things, the host’s IP address, its subnet mask and default gateway C:\WINDOWS.000>ipconfig /? Windows 98 IP Configuration Command line ... C:\WINDOWS.000>nbtstat /? Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/ IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/ IP) NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S] [interval] ... Discards 0 Errors 0 Unknown protocols 19 C:\WINDOWS.000>  4(:9:': This provides protocol statistics and current TCP/ IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/ IP) This is relevant with Windows...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21

... ports and can be physically stacked and interconnected to act as one large hub without any repeater count restrictions These stacks are often mounted in 19-inch cabinets 180 Practical TCP/ IP and ... single and multi-mode) • 100 Mbps (fast) Ethernet (100Base-TX, 100Base-FX – single and multimode) • 1000 Mbps (gigabit) Ethernet (single and multimode) An added advantage of the fast and gigabit ... loop as shown in Figure 10.3, one of the bridges (C) needs to be made redundant and deactivated 178 Practical TCP/ IP and Ethernet Networking Figure 10.3 Avoidance of loops in bridge networks The...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:21