... licensed vaccine or anti-viral therapy available for the prevention or treatment of this disease, and there is no commercially available Lassa fever diagnostic assay The threat posed by LASV is ... procedure was scaled down to a 96well format, with each condition analyzed in triplicate Data was plotted as mean absorbance at 562 nm, with standard deviation, and background correction at 650 nm Page ... Statistical analysis of data was performed with GraphPad InStat, V3.06 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA), using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), paired or unpaired Student’s t test, and Pearson’s...
... Matsumura Y, Suzuki M, Shimizu K, Goda R, Nakamura I, Nakatomi I, Yokoyama M, Kataoka K, Kakizoe T: NK105, a paclitaxelincorporating micellar nanoparticle formulation, can extend in vivo antitumour activity ... the amount of formazan crystals formed was measured after h of MTT addition (10% v/v) by adding isopropyl alcohol and OD measurement at 570 nm The relative cell viability in percentage was calculated ... doxorubicin European Journal of Cancer 2000, 36:1149-1160 39 Upadhyay KK, Bhatt AN, Mishra AK, Dwarakanath BS, Jain S, Schatz C, Le Meins JF, Farooque A, Chandraiah G, Jain AK: The intracellular drug delivery...
... extracellular bacteria For invasion assays, cells were incubated for an additional 90 to kill extracellular bacteria, then washed and lysed in 200 μl of 1% triton X100 for at room temperature Finally, ... employed asavaccinevectorfor Brucella antigen delivery and evaluated for immune response E coli are normally extracellular, and taken up and destroyed by phagocytic cells such as macrophages ... Peyer's patches: the basis fora bacterial formulation for oral vaccination Mol Ther 2006, 14(2):183-191 Grillot-Courvalin C, Goussard S, Courvalin P: Bacteria as gene delivery vectors for mammalian...
... 5'-ACGGATCCGTTCTAGAATCGATTAAGGATCTGG-3', and Reverse: 5'-GGGGATCCCCATTAGC TTCATCTCAAAATCAG-3' The primers were designed based on the sequence of PCNA of tomato [GenBank:AJ515747] The amplified fragment was ... plants like tomato, tobacco (Nicotiana xanthii), Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa, variety Pusa Basmati) We also show that the mutation in either AC2 or AC4 gene, present within VA, ... VA/pCAMBIA1391Z vector The GFP gene was amplified by PCR using a template of GFP cloned in pGEMT (a kind gift from Dr D Baulcombe, USA) and the following primers: Forward: 5'ATGAGCTCATGGCAAGTAAAGGAGAAGAAC-3',...
... strains expressing H5 epitopes 162 xvii ABBREVIATIONS aa Amino acid AC Adenylate cyclase ACE 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole ACT Adenylate cyclase toxin ADCC Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytoxicity ADP ... Bacteria asVaccine Delivery System 67 2.10.2 Attenuated B pertussis asa Live Recombinant Nasal Delivery Vector 68 2.10.3 FHA as an Antigen Carrier 70 2.10.4 Other Antigen Carriers ... the lab, Siying, Wenwei, Lili, Stephanie, Adrian, Grace, Wei Xin, Damian, Emily, Aakanksha, Regina, Weizhen, Jian Hang, Zarina, Michelle, Vanessa, for the help they gave in various aspects I have...
... 0) and condensation ( m phase < 0) is assumed Where m phase is mass transfer: for evaporation & & & & ( m phase = mevap ) and for condensation ( m phase = mcond ) (kg/s) So that the mass balance ... that incorporates the significant physical processes and the key parameters affecting fuel cell performance The model accounts for both gas and liquid phase in the same computational domain, and ... reduces to Darcy’s law, which is, however, based on the relative permeability for the gas phase (KP ) The relative permeability accounts for the reduction in pore space available for one phase due...
... And such a whole suite of accessory enzymes is required for efficient xylan hydrolysis such as α-arabinofuranosidases and α-Larabinases that release arabinan [31], α-glucuronidases that release ... acetic acid Organic solvent such as acetone can be used to precipitate and separate the fractionated biomass The pretreatment has an advantage of operating at low temperature (50 °C) which capital ... endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase and β-glucosidase Endo-and exo-glucanases are commonly referred to as “cellulases” Fungal strains of Trichoderma reesei are used to produce most commercial cellulase...
... 5¢-CACACTACACTGGGAAGCAGAGACTCCAGC-3¢ and 5¢-AGCTGGCCCAGCAGCCATACACAGTTAAAG3¢ The cDNA was subcloned into the EcoRV site of pBluescript SK(+) (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) and sequenced using an ... buffer, and the eluted samples were subjected to western blot analysis as described above The authors thank Drs Masato Yasui, Sadakazu Aiso and Masaaki Matsuoka for support; Dr Andrew P McMahon for ... 5¢-AA GCTTCCGGAGGCTGCTAGAGAC-3¢ and 5¢-GGATC CAAGAACTGTGTATGTCTG-3¢ The 1.6-kbp fulllength Skn cDNA, whose termination codon was changed to a BamHI site, was inserted between the SalI and the BamHI...
... mm NaCl, and · protease inhibitor cocktail at 37 °C for 20 The lysate was spun down at 50 000 g for 15 The supernatant was mixed with pre-equilibrated anti-HA affinity matrix and rocked at °C for ... Valencia, CA, USA), and rocked at °C for h The lysate ⁄ Ni ⁄ nitrilotriacetate bead mixture was transferred to a poly prep chromatography column and the agarose packed The column was washed twice ... ·) Rabbit antibody to PrxII and an Alexa-647-labeled goat antirabbit IgG secondary were used to visualize PrxII Mouse monoclonal antibody to HA and an Alexa 488-labeled goat anti-mouse secondary...
... extracted The effect of drying temperature was investigated in this study Gas chromatography analysis Sample was dissolved in ethyl acetate and 0.5 µL of this was injected into a Shimadzu GC-1 7A ... that increasing CO2 concentration of up to 1% of air will increase lipid produced by algae was given in Table As shown in this table, cell concentration obtained after 20 days incubation was ... were applied twice to provide complete separation The solvent phase was evaporated in a rotary evaporator under vacuum at 60oC The procedure was repeated three times until the entire lipid was...
... extracted The effect of drying temperature was investigated in this study Gas chromatography analysis Sample was dissolved in ethyl acetate and 0.5 µL of this was injected into a Shimadzu GC-1 7A ... that increasing CO2 concentration of up to 1% of air will increase lipid produced by algae was given in Table As shown in this table, cell concentration obtained after 20 days incubation was ... were applied twice to provide complete separation The solvent phase was evaporated in a rotary evaporator under vacuum at 60oC The procedure was repeated three times until the entire lipid was...
... Modulation of metal availability for treating AD P J Crouch et al research attention as potential therapeutic targets Plaques and NFTs, however, cannot be regarded as ‘upstream’ causative factors ... hyperphosphorylation occurs because of an imbalance in the activity of tau kinases and phosphatases [3] One particular tau kinase pertinent to metal dyshomeostasis in AD is glycogen synthase kinase-3 ... metal dyshomeostasis in all aspects is clear In the AD affected brain, metal dyshomeostasis is evident in the form of a substantial increase in the levels of extracellular metals and a decrease...
... was stored at ) 80 °C for analysis for metals Paraffin sections lm thick were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin The gonadal maturity of each animal was classified into five stages according ... substrate for localization of the labeled MYP Statistical analysis Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM Statistical analysis was performed using instat software (GraphPad Software) The normality ... using a Bio-Rad protein assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) with bovine c-globulin asa standard Thyroglobulin (669 kDa), catalase (232 kDa), BSA (67 kDa) and chymotrypsinogen (25 kDa) were used for...
... peptide-antibody recognition 11 Murata T, Fushinobu S, Nakajima M, Asami O, Sassa T, Wakagi T & Yamaguchi I (2002) Crystal structure of the liganded anti-gibberellin A4 antibody 4-B8(8) ⁄ E9 Fab fragment ... data and the simulated annealing calculation above References Monzavi-Karbassi B, Cunto-Amesty G, Luo P & Kieber-Emmons T (2002) Peptide mimotopes as surrogate antigens of carbohydrates in vaccine ... restraints, and eight dihedral angle restraints Fifty conformations that give low conformation energy and that give no distance and dihedral angle violations greater than ˚ ˚ 0.5 A and A, respectively,...
... lexical information encoded in (1) The question that arises is how to relate DATR and PATR so that the hierarchically structured lexical information in DATR can be made available in PATR-usable ... Queries that the grammar writer has stated explicitly have to be passed on to DATR Every query together with the resulthag value has to be transformed into a PATR path equation (that partially describes ... OF DATR DATR (described in detail by Evans/ Gazdar, 198 9a; 1989b; 1990)is a declarative language for the definition of semantic networks which allows for defaults as well as multiple inheritance...
... concentrations result in earlier maximal pathway activation and an increase in signal amplitude [3,4] Furthermore, alterations in the activity of a kinase or phosphatase may affect the speed of signalling ... using an RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) The RNA was used for the quantitative real-time PCR and microarray analysis To generate cDNA, lg of total RNA was transcribed using a QuantiTect ... estimate distributions obtained for each gene on each array when performing RMA analysis Normalization ensures that the median standard error across all arrays is for each gene Problematic chips are...
... text for details), although it was not detected by the immunological assays Psb P Cyanobacteria Glaucophyceae Red algae Diatoms Haptophyceae Brown algae Prasinophyceae Euglenophyceae Green algae ... Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp PCC6803 Rhodophyceae (red algae) Cyanidioschyzon merolae Nuclear DNA Chloroplast DNA Cyanidium caldarium Chloroplast DNA Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) Thalassiosira pseudonana ... pseudonana Nuclear DNA Chloroplast DNA Odontella sinensis Chloroplast DNA Prasinophyceae Mesostigma viride Chloroplast DNA Euglenophyceae Euglena gracilis Chloroplast DNA Chlorophyceae (green algae)...
... trees As Kmch and Jmhi point out, this means that a T A G is incomplete ms an account of the structure of a natural language, e.g a T A G grammar wW contain ~ t h an active and a passive form ... Imowedge based expert systems that use it as part of a natural language interface This means that architecturally our generator has always dmgned to produce text from mecepmal repre~ntin surface gructure ... (which, as far as the grammar is coucerned, ca• be made withemt limit), rather than m the exit migratkm of a c~mdtount 8cram dauses We also find this iocaiRy property to be demable, aad an umlogous...