summary conclusion and future work

... /dev/zero, /dev/random, and RAM disk driver (/dev/md*) Networking TCP/IP 4&6, DHCP, ICMP, ARP, Ethernet, Routing and Firewall, Packet filters (BPF), and BSD sockets Low-level network drivers are ... typically handled by an I/O Kit driver The I/O Kit network driver will interface with the network stack that is responsible for handling received buffers from the networking device, inspect them, and ... The BSD networking layer supports a wide range of network and transport layer protocols, including IPv4 and IPv6, TCP, and UDP At the higher level we find support for BOOTP, DHCP, and ICMP, among...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 02:20

... headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company’s quality system processes and procedures ... MSD implement the SCSI command set and not the RBC? A: Currently, Windows 2000 and Windows XP not provide support to handle devices that implement Reduced Block Commands (RBC, subclass 0x01) protocol ... from this information and its use Use of Microchip devices in life support and/ or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:48

... 93 Command and Response Formats 93 Commands 94 Response Types 94 Token Formats 98 The Commands 99 Classes 99 Commands Used by Mass-storage Devices 100 Registers 101 v Contents Sending Commands ... CPU accesses NAND flash chips via data lines and command and address registers NAND flash has high density, so large amounts of memory can fit in a small package The advantages of NAND flash are ... and respond to generic USB requests and other events on the bus • Detect and respond to USB mass-storage requests for information or actions from the device • Detect and respond to SCSI commands...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:37

... headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company’s quality system processes and procedures ... of data bytes expected and the number actually transferred • Success or Failure of the command The format of the CSW is shown in Table TABLE 2: COMMAND STATUS WRAPPER Command Status Wrapper (CSW) ... Driver USB Embedded Host Driver The “SCSI Command Support” layer is the media interface layer that converts file system commands to SCSI commands and sends them to the USB Peripheral using the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:46

... the speakers to the stand-alone hub in Tier without affecting the system’s functionality and without having to reconfigure any software on the host computer USB devices and their corresponding ... system software mainly to query, configure, and issue certain generic commands to USB devices Control transfers typically take place between the host computer and the USB device’s endpoint 0, but vendor-specific ... transfers Isochronous transfers provide guaranteed amounts of bandwidth and latency They are used for streaming data that is time-critical and error-tolerant or for real-time applications that require...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2013, 00:20

... necessary to specify the precedence order to a greater level of detail; for example, combining vendor- and device-class specifiers In these cases, the GroupX_ID values may be combined to generate other...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2013, 00:20

... host-to-function and function-to-host – Host handles most of the protocol complexity – Peripheral design is simple and low-cost ? Robustness – Handshake to acknowledge data transfer and flow control ... Compliance Program –Worksheets • Device Framework • Signal Quality • Power Distribution and Consumption –Interoperability Guidelines –Test Tools •USBCheck, HIDView USBCheck, –Compliance Workshops • Verifies ... guaranteed bandwidth ? Interrupt (Mouse, joystick …) –Asynchronous, bursty, non-periodic, low bandwidth bursty, ? Bulk (Printer, scanner, digital camera …) –Non-periodic, bursty, high bandwidth...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... user space commands insmod and rmmod , which are used when installing or removing a module To sum up, the user commands insmod and rmmod use the kernel space functions module_init and module_exit ... 0x378 with the command: $ cat /proc/ioports To turn on the LEDs and check that the system is working, execute the command: $ echo -n A >/dev/parlelport This should turn on LED zero and six, leaving ... lights.c and can be executed with the command: $ lights The lights will flash successively one after the other! The flashing LEDs and the Linux computer running this program are shown in figure Conclusion...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 22:15

... user space commands insmod and rmmod , which are used when installing or removing a module To sum up, the user commands insmod and rmmod use the kernel space functions module_init and module_exit ... 0x378 with the command: $ cat /proc/ioports To turn on the LEDs and check that the system is working, execute the command: $ echo -n A >/dev/parlelport This should turn on LED zero and six, leaving ... lights.c and can be executed with the command: $ lights The lights will flash successively one after the other! The flashing LEDs and the Linux computer running this program are shown in figure Conclusion...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:15

... Computer Systems Interface; it is an established standard in the workstation and high-end server market Just as network interface cards provide the network subsystem with hardware-related functionality, ... drivers, and I2O drivers In the same way that they handled SCSI drivers, kernel developers collected class-wide features and exported them to driver implementers to avoid duplicating work and bugs, ... keyboard and the tape streamer This aspect of the kernel's functions is our primary interest in this book Networking Networking must be managed by the operating system because most network operations...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... is working in the context of a process -it operates on behalf of the calling process and is able to access data in the process's address space Code that handles interrupts, on the other hand, ... customarily called memory) I/O Ports and I/O Memory The job of a typical driver is, for the most part, writing and reading I/O ports and I/O memory Access to I/O ports and I/O memory (collectively called ... of functions printf is one of those callable functions and is defined in libc A module, on the other hand, is linked only to the kernel, and the only functions it can call are the ones exported...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... the device is closed and reopened, data isn't lost This device can be fun to work with, because it can be accessed and tested using conventional commands such as cp, cat, and shell I/O redirection; ... directory and associated with your driver's major and minor numbers The command to create a device node on a filesystem is mknod; superuser privileges are required for this operation The command takes ... Before introducing the read and write operations, we'd better look at how and why scull performs memory allocation "How" is needed to thoroughly understand the code, and "why" demonstrates the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... array is a number that specifies the requested subcommand, and the following bytes are subcommand specific In setconsole, subcommand 11 is used, and the next byte (stored in bytes[1]) identifies ... of the gpmmouse server features a command-line option to enable a similar capability, but it works only in text mode If you don't have a network connection and run in graphics mode, we suggest ... Messages On and Off During the early stages of driver development, printk can help considerably in debugging and testing new code When you officially release the driver, on the other hand, you should...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... Commands Before writing the code for ioctl, you need to choose the numbers that correspond to commands Unfortunately, the simple choice of using small numbers starting from and going up doesn't work ... ioctl commands, you won't ever see any request for that command, and the application will get something unexpected because of the conflict between the ioctlnumbers The predefined commands are ... exclusion semaphore */ devfs_handle_t handle; /* only used if devfs is there */ } Scull_Pipe; The read implementation manages both blocking and nonblocking input and looks like this (the puzzling...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... interrupt handlers, and we'll see them again in "Tasklets and Bottom-Half Processing", in Chapter 9, "Interrupt Handling" Kernel timers are used to schedule a task to run at a specific time in the future ... execution of a function (a timer handler) at a particular time in the future They thus work differently from task queues and tasklets in that you can specify when in the future your function will be ... code to understand better the internals of other code So let's look at how this code works The loop is guaranteed to work because jiffies is declared as volatile by the kernel headers and therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... requests are handled by going to a pool that holds sufficiently large objects, and handing an entire memory chunk back to the requester The memory management scheme is quite complex, and the details ... interface have been much smaller and easier to deal with kmalloc and kfree have remained essentially constant between Linux 2.0 and 2.4 Access to high memory, and thus the GFP_HIGHMEM flag, was ... call can happen, for instance, in interrupt handlers, task queues, and kernel timers In this case, the current process should not be put to sleep, and the driver should use a flag of GFP_ATOMIC...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... misc-progs/inp.c and misc-progs/outp.c are a minimal tool for reading and writing ports from the command line, in user space They expect to be installed under multiple names (i.e., inpb, inpw, and inpl and ... between memory regions and I/O regions: both of them are accessed by asserting electrical signals on the address bus and control bus (i.e., the read and writesignals)[31] and by reading from or ... cleanly and most likely is not worth the effort, given the hardware dependency of those functions In Linux 2.0, ioremap and iounmap were called vremapand vfree, respectively The parameters and the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... pool used by /dev/random and /dev/urandom These devices return truly random numbers when read and are designed to help application software choose secure keys for encryption Such random numbers are ... The arguments to the handler are described later Knowing that irq is the interrupt being handled should be sufficient to understand the function just shown Fast and Slow Handlers Older versions ... interrupt handling mechanism does not set this bit, and thus allows further processing of interrupts If the handler is of the slow variety, interrupts are reenabled in the hardware and the handler...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... Use of Standard C Types Although most programmers are accustomed to freely using standard types like int and long, writing device drivers requires some care to avoid typing conflicts and obscure ... exploiting the fact that pointers and long integers are always the same size, at least on all the platforms currently supported by Linux The C99 standard defines the intptr_t and uintptr_t types for an ... types are Linux specific, and using them hinders porting software to other Unix flavors Systems with recent compilers will support the C99-standard types, such as uint8_t and uint32_t; when possible,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... modprobe -r run pre-install module command post-install module command pre-remove module command post-remove module command The first two specify a command to be run either before or after the ... kernel continues working; otherwise, it returns the error Virtually any resource can be requested this way: char and block drivers, filesystems, line disciplines, network protocols, and so on One ... 2.0 days, demand loading was handled by a separate, user-space daemon process called kerneld This process connected into the kernel via a special interface and received module load (and unload)...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20