summarize some of the positive effects of establishing marine reserves

... m. Because half the deaths have occurred by mid-year, the size e of the population at the start of the year was e = m + d / 2 The probability s of surviving to the end of the year (conditional ... OF HEALTH. AD-HOC GROUP ON THE ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION: Economic appraisal of the health effects of air pollution. The Stationery Office, London, United Kingdom, ... ascertain the effects of such situations (38,39). Interpretation of the coefficients from the existing cohort studies as reflecting the effects of long- term exposure depends on the assumption...

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Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

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Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... Still others focus on the benefits of affordable housing for particular populations, such as the elderly, the homeless, and people with HIV/AIDS. Our review of the literature on the impact of ... hypotheses on the societal impacts of housing and examine the growing body of research supporting these hypotheses. This paper focuses on the impact of housing on education. Other papers in ... call into question existing evidence of the adverse impacts of crowding, emphasizing the failure of earlier studies to isolate the effects of crowding from other confounding variables such as...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... reduce the warming induced by the capping of SO x . Note that these climate calculations in Figure 6 omit the cooling effects of the CO 2 reductions caused by the lessening of the inhibition of the ... concentrations. REPORT SERIES of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Contact the Joint Program Office to request a copy. The Report Series is distributed at no charge. 41. The Effects ... the northern hemisphere, the temperature increases are greatest there. For the NO x caps, temperature increases in the southern hemisphere (driven by the CH 4 increases), but decreases in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... healthy condition of the vessels belonging to the membranes of the socket, with the condition of which, the state of the tooth is closely connected."] Having gone through with an examination of the physical ... it capable of giving strength to the weary, vivacity to the stupid, and wisdom to men void of understanding; capable of soothing the sorrows of the afflicted, of healing the wounds of the spirit, ... principle, called by some " ;the medical power of nature," is roused to action by the application of an offending agent to any part of the human system. On the first intimation of the assault,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... every country. The theory of a free will, which is their foundation, excludes the possibility of this scientific question, for according to it the crime is the product of the fiat of the human will. ... fact, the deed depends on the fiat, the voluntary determination, of the criminal, and all is said. But if, on the other hand, the positive school of criminology denies, on the ground of researches ... attenuate the plague of criminality, not so much by means of the criminal code, as by means of remedies which are latent in the remainder of the social life and of legislation. And the experience of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 12:20

... market. We calculate the cost of credit for the median firm as the ratio of the real value of interest payments to the real value of the stock of bank debt. As observed in the figure, this real implict ... 1980s, the Mexican crisis of the first half of the 1990s and the East Asian and Russian crises of the late 1990s. On average, more than 85 percent of the fall in output observed during these episodes ... κp M t M t (8) using the value of final goods, the sum of all value added and the total income in the economy respectively. The last term in equation (8) is the income of the intermediary in the current period...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... approval by the Israeli civil administration, while others remain in conceptual stages. Regardless of the status of the application and approval for each of these projects, the lack of PA authority ... by the Israeli civil administration despite the fact that the Jordanian Law did not require proof of ownership for approval of building permits. (Coon). 29 Government of Israel, Office of the ... in the Northern West Bank alone. In addition, all land within 100m of the wall is off limit to Palestinians. In some places it will 5 The Economic Effects of Restricted Access to Land in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... question is whether the sum of the discounted net social benefits during the life of the infrastructure justifies the investment cost. The description of the costs and benefits of the HSR lines ... intermodal effects measured in the primary market consist of the cost savings in the conventional mode and the product of the value of time, the average time savings and the number of passengers ... and so the cost of travelling of the users who remain in the conventional mode. The existing transport modes are not the only markets affected by the introduction of the new mode of transport....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... havoc with the accuracy of the land registry. The IPA gives the holder powers of act on behalf of the land owner in the use and transaction of the property and the facility to legalize the transaction. ... These plans lift the threat of demolition within the line, but the process has not allowed for the expansion of the line to accommodate the needs of the growing population. Instead, they demarcate ... for the future expansion of the settlements surpasses by an even larger extent the needs of the fast growing settler population. During the first 20 years of the occupation, the number of settlements...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... studies of its health effects find other pollutants present that may account for some of the effects. Part of the problem is due to the nature of the data being collected. The levels of particulate ... terms of the types of cells and the overall structure of the alveolar region. Figure 1 shows a magnified view of the structure of the normal gas-exchange region of the lung. It is called the ... can change the cells in the lung by damaging those that are most susceptible. If the cells that are damaged are important in the development of new functional parts of the lung, then the lung...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 02:20

... and the auditors’ desire to retain the clients. About 55 percent of the other Tier 1 firms 24 and 65 percent of the other Fortune 1000 public companies 25 were uncertain whether the risk of ... incurred by both the public accounting firms and the public companies. They believe the increased risk of an audit failure and the added costs of audit firm rotation outweigh the value of a periodic ... with the client and the desire to retain the client. Concerns about the p otential effects of mandatory audit firm rotation include whether its intended benefits would outweigh the costs and the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... replacement of lysine and arginine in these motifs by histidine abrogates the antibacterial effects of these peptides. Antibacterial activity of the histidine-rich peptides against the Gram -positive ... Tris, pH 7.4 in the absence (–) or presence (+) of Zn 2+ . (Upper) Peptides (indicated in the figure) incubated in buffer in the absence of Zn 2+ . (Lower) Effects of the addition of 50 l M Zn 2+ (+) ... activity of a set of peptides from the heparin- and Zn 2+ -binding regions of HMWK domain 5 further substantiates findings obtained with the prototypic AHH peptides. Whether peptides sim- ilar to the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... stimulator of thrombin inhibition by these serpins, in line with the cofactor effect of TM on protein C activation. The exclusive function of the VR1 loop is now further supported by the results ... addition, the reduced affinity of TM for thrombin-VR1 tPA is in agreement with the significant contribution of this part of the VR1 loop to the binding of TM by thrombin. Binding of the carboxy-terminal ... can explain part of the effect of thrombin on the proliferation and migration of vascular SMC [4,34]. In the context of the vessel wall, TM might therefore function as a regulator of PAI-1 inactivation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:21

... distributional effects of QE, drawing out the parallels with the distributional effects of a low level of Bank Rate. The first section of this paper discusses the aims of QE and how it affects the economy. ... impact on the net value of the scheme. The fall in gilt yields raised the value of the pension fund’s liabilities. But the associated increase in bond and equity prices raised the value of their ... quantify the impact of QE on the economy in aggregate. Joyce et al (2011) present a range of estimates of the macroeconomic impact of QE using a number of different methodologies. None of the methods...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... before the study was released early in 2002). For Califor- nia, the graph shows the average number of ozone exceedance days per year for the each of the three groups of communities ated the ... signal example of how conventional wisdom on air pollution and health is often the opposite of reality. Ac- cording to the Centers for Disease Control, the prevalence of asthma in the U.S. rose ... county, the graph shows the number of 8-hour ozone exceedance days per year at the worst location in the county. Note that even the worst areas of North Carolina don’t come close to even the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20