structure function relationships in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

... baseline (Baseline Dyspnea Index) in order to answer questions regarding the TDI [28] Therefore, we used the MMRC scale which is a traditional instrument included in the BODE index [20] In multiple ... follow-up This finding reinforces the impact of exacerbation in clinical outcomes; exacerbations of COPD indicate clinical instability and progression of the disease and are associated with increased ... (SGRQ) in patients with chronic obstructive disease in Brazil J Bras Pneumol 2000, 26: 119-125 17 Jones PW: Interpreting thresholds for a clinically significant change in health status in asthma...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22

... Organization: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/index.html], Accessed February 10, 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: ... of function According to The Global Initiative for chronic Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines [2], once airway obstruction is established based on a FEV1/FVC ratio of

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... in healthy individuals [18,19] In COPD, the abdominal muscles are frequently recruited even during resting breathing [20] When walking to exhaustion, inspiratory work of breathing in COPD rises ... lung function parameters is interesting This was not reflected in differences in the symptoms limiting exercise, the degree of dynamic hyperinflation that occurred or in oxygenation during exercise ... exercise in subjects cycling having first undergone an expiratory muscle fatiguing protocol, than following an equivalent exercise duration when not first fatigued [36] Interestingly, in that...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:20

... concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were measured using quantitative ... Jansen HM, Lutter R: Persisting Haemophilus influenzae strains induce lower levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in H292 lung epithelial cells than nonpersisting strains Eur Respir J 1997, 10:2319-2326 ... determinants of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Arch Intern Med 2005, 165:891-897 Miravitlles M: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are bacteria...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21

... COPD stages [10] In contrast, an inverse association between higher levels of circulating inflammation-sensitive proteins, including CRP, interleukin (IL)-6 and alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), and ... ageing rate and longevity FEBS Lett 2005, 579:2035-2039 Ben-Zaken Cohen S, Paré PD, Man SFP, Sin DD: The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women Examining ... on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 177:1207-1214 Barnes PJ: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med 2000,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... to inhaled corticosteroids prior to screening † Data missing for four patients in ACCLAIM/COPD I (two each in the aclidinium and placebo arms) BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary ... 350 400 COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Figure Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the time to first moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in ACCLAIM/COPD ... Garcia GE, Ferrer P: Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of aclidinium bromide, a novel long-acting, inhaled antimuscarinic, in healthy subjects Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009, 47:460-468 Chanez...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... 30-minute periods of cycling exercises, walking, and inspiratory muscle training each The cycling protocol consisted of intervals of one minute loaded cycling (aimed at 140% of a patient’s initial ... and one minute unloaded cycling, during 30 minutes [14] Inspiratory muscle training was performed on an inspiratory threshold device at an interval basis (two minutes of loaded breathing, followed ... Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2010 [http://www.goldcopd.org] Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson TJ, Martin S: Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... Longitudinal average Wheezing Baseline Longitudinal average Nighttime Symptom Scores Difficulty breathing Baseline Longitudinal average Coughing Baseline Longitudinal average Wheezing Baseline Longitudinal ... Care Med 2007, 176(6):532– 555 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care ... with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease N Engl J Med 1999,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... exacerbators Decline in QMVC in this cohort was not associated with disease severity, having frequent exacerbations or corticosteroid treatment Change in fat free mass during follow up Decline in FFM was ... difference in the results obtained In addition it was possible in most patients to correlate their reports of exacerbations with the medical notes relating to clinic attendances in the intervening year ... of the bradykinin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with reduced fat-free mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83(4):912-917 Spruit MA, Gosselink R, Troosters...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... staining in the both alveolar wall and alveolar Figure Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding protein Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding ... Figure Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) ... elastin receptor: a galactosidase-binding protein Science 1988, 239:1539-1541 Mecham RP, Whitehouse L, Hay M, Hinek A, Sheetz MP: Ligand affinity of the 67-kDa elastin/laminin binding protein is...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... [http://WWW.thoracic.org/COPD/1/definitions.asp]: Jeffery PK: Remodeling and inflammation of bronchi in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proc Am Thorac Soc 2004, 1(3):176-183 Cosio MG, Guerassimov A: Chronic obstructive ... decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Thorax 2002, 57(10):847-852 Hurst JR, Perera WR, Wilkinson TM, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA: Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: ... the accumulating evidence of extra pulmonary manifestations in COPD including cachexia and systemic inflammation which are observed in severe COPD patients In our model of acute inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... Exercise training Deconditioning from disuse is believed to be a major contributing factor in the skeletal muscle dysfunction that is observed in patients with COPD Therefore, exercise training in this ... changes include an increase in mitochondrial number, increased muscle capillarization, and an increase in muscle oxidative enzyme activity After intense training the proportion of type I fibers increases, ... alone is not usually successful in increasing lean body mass in patients with COPD In one study [67] an increase in the creatine phosphate/ creatine phosphate + creatine ratio (measured from quadriceps...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... (use in epidemiology) Scand J Respir Dis 1972, 53:218-226 Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease NIH: Definitions chapter in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ... Simony-Lafontaine J, Lequeu N, Vic P, Enander I, Godard P, Michel FB: Eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease J Allergy Clin Immunol ... airways), which may be insufficient to obtain a full view Fourth, remodelling in COPD may itself generate and maintain an inflammatory process, independent of cigarette smoking [25] In order to elucidate...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... Atochina EN, Morris KG, Danilov SM, Stenmark KR: Angiotensin converting enzyme expression is increased in small pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension J Clin Invest ... Studies of pulmonary hypertension I Pulmonary circulatory dynamics in patients with pulmonary emphysema at rest J Clin Invest 1953, 32(2):130-7 Heath D: Remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature in hypoxic ... in particular no significant effect on arterial blood gases The rationale behind this study was based on the findings that angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II are both involved in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... to maintain a constant Pappl, a change in any one of its determinants (Pmus or Paw) must be met by an opposite change in the other In clinical terms, this means that, for instance, increasing ... MV including NIV, and to a shorter ICU stay compared to standard physician-driven weaning [32] Cycling In PS mode, the transition from inspiration to expiration, known as cycling, occurs when instantaneous ... Consequences of delayed cycling PEEPi, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure Figure Mathematical modeling of the inspiratory instantaneous flow-time curve for progressively increasing levels of airway...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... using a bedside cycle ergometer, is a safe and effective intervention in preventing or attenuating the decrease in functional exercise capacity that is associated with prolonged ICU stay Ninety ... Rabe KF, Goehring U-M, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ; for the M2-124 and M2-125 Study Groups: Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials ... Groups: Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with longacting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trials Lancet 2009, 374: 695-703 Reichlin T, Hochholzer...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... combined with FBO in COPD with hypercapnic encephalopathy) in the most challenging patients Abbreviations COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FBO, fibreoptic bronchoscopy; NPPV, noninvasive ... closely monitored in an intensive care unit setting and, if there is no improvement in gas exchange or vital signs within the first to hours, intubation should be planned with no delay in the best conditions ... ventilation in patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to community-acquired-pneumonia Crit Care 2010, 14:R80 Robert D, Argaud L: Clinical review: long-term noninvasive...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:22

... of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease worldwide Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2001; 56: 261-264 Anto JM, Vermeire P, Vestbo J, Sunyer J Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ... Int J Med Sci 2007, disease [5] How we account for these increases in rates of COPD? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition characterized ... (accounting for approximately one-sixth of the patient population in California), and data on patients insured at Shriner Hospital However, these insurance companies are located in urban areas in...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... symptom in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [21,22] There is evidence that a reduction in air pollutants attenuates the decline in respiratory health in children The delay in ... baseline, pt prevalence at followup, E baseline exposure at baseline, ΔE exposure decline (exposure at baseline minus exposure at follow-up), t follow-up time, Sbaseline smoking at baseline (yes ... lung aging was accelerated in the highly polluted areas at baseline The results at follow up demonstrate that the increase in lung aging in these areas was attenuated due to a steep decline in air...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2001, ... lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Thorax 2002, 57(10):847-852 Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CP, Hershfield ES, Harding GK, Nelson NA: Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations ... showed a 5-unit decline in the Symptom scores in the SGRQ In contrast, subjects without exacerbations did not show any changes in excess of the minimal clinical significant decline (0.5 units per...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20