structural basis of multisensory processing convergence

... repression of Hsp70 promoter, appears to depend on the isoform of p63 TAp63 proteins with a mutated SAM domain or no SAM domain (TAp63b and TAp63c) all showed a distinct activation of MDM2 and ... a decreased repression of Hsp70 [20], compared with wild-type TAp63a As such, the SAM domain of p63 has been implicated in the inhibition of p63-mediated transactivation of both MDM2 and p21 This ... The solution structure of p63a SAM domain 1RG6 provided an insight into how several of the AEC mutations observed may cause destabilization of the domain, and indeed two of the mutations studied...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... the promiscuity of S100 proteins Therefore, systematic studies of the conformational changes and oligomerization of S100 proteins will be of critical importance in the development of potential therapeutics ... state of the S100 proteins The residue invariability and the conserved spatial arrangement of the helices at the dimer interface are the basis for heterodimer formation In the absence of Ca2+, ... an interplay of the metal ions in the activation of S100 proteins [15] For S100A12 and S100B, the molecular mechanism of the increase in Ca2+ affinity by Zn2+ can be deduced from the structural...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... The structural basis of calpain behavior Y Benyamin two parts, DIIa and DIIb, come closer together, with concomitant release of constraints between the domains ... Elce JS, Davies PL & Jia Z (1999) Crystal structure of calpain reveals the structural basis for Ca2+dependent protease activity and a novel mode of enzyme activation EMBO J 18, 6880–6889 Strobl ... and oscillations of [Ca2+], in particular those involving specific phosphorylations of calpastatin, calpains and targets The following Minireviews develop three themes on the role of calpain and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... and W63 of one monomer form most of the substrate binding site, and L119 and H142 of the second monomer close the pocket from the opposite side (Figs and 6) Ó FEBS 2004 Structural basis of charge ... steps of catalysis [9] The orientation of H94 varies according to the bound ligand but is nearly independent of the nature of residue 27 In the case of the two substrate analogue complexes of the ... of residue H94 changes according to the bound ligand, independently of the nature of residue 27 The positions of the aromatic planes of the residues Y27 and W27 are almost identical for five of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... the addition of a lattice point in the center of each of the six faces of each unit-cell), body centered (point at the center of the cell) and end centered (point at the center of one face) The ... bodies and wavelengths of incident radiation In Bragg’s model of diffraction as reflection from parallel sets of planes, (Fig 1.1) any of these sets of planes can be the source of one diffracted X-ray ... expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines and makes use of the orthogonality relationships of the sine and cosine functions The computation and study of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... possible to measure an S-value distribution of the sample which indicated that 70% of the protein was sedimenting with an S-value of around 85-90 S, about 25% of the protein sedimenting 64 between ... aggregate of AmyA However, these aggregates retain 40% of activity when tested (Fig 3.2) Addition of as low as mM of NaCl reversed most of the protein aggregates into the monomeric form, sedimenting ... flow rate of 0.5 ml min-1 61 3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 Thermal stability at different salt concentrations To understand the relationship between the presence of salt and the thermal stability of AmyA,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... capacity of AmyA does not get affected in high salt solution despite the lack of excess acidic residues A B Figure 4.12 Overview of the solvation sphere of AmyA (A) lAmyA and (B) hAmyA The surfaces of ... into the structural basis of poly-extreme stability of AmyA More work involving mutational analysis and theoretical calculations would be necessary to develop a quantitative understanding of the ... thermal stability of AmyA 86 Table 4.8 The number of ion pair networks of AmyA and other homologous amylases PDB id Organism Extremophilic Optimum Number Nature Temperature of °C ion-pair Networks...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... 2.3.1 Overview of AmyA structure AmyA consists of a single polypeptide chain of 488 residues and comprises a total of 18 α-helices and 20 β-strands The overall fold of AmyA consists of three distinct ... domain but, in some cases, should be thought of as part of a structural unit containing other loops Similarities in domain B amongst members of sub-groups of the α-amylase family have, however, been ... addition of structural features or are there complex interactions of these features? 3) What specific differences exist in the poly-extreme adaptations? 4) What is the impact of the structural...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... construction of artificial libraries allow constructive selection and functionalization not only of antibody fragments, but also of small, nonantibody proteins (Fig 1) Accurate structural descriptions of ... sequence of charybdotoxin with one of toxin a to express a new binding function Comparison of the X-ray crystal structures between charybdotoxin and toxin a showed the structural resemblance of the ... different species [23–25] The success of the series of studies shows that the stable framework structure of Fv enables the transfer of function by means of CDR replacement Barbas et al first designed...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... at a molar ratio of 100 : in a final volume of 150 lL Reactions were stopped by addition of one volume of · Laemmli sample buffer, followed by boiling at 95 °C for The effect of ubiquitin on the ... domains of the ubiquitin-specific protease, USP7 ⁄ HAUSP J Biol Chem 278, 47753–47761 19 Hu M, Gu L, Li M, Jeffrey PD, Gu W & Shi Y (2006) Structural basis of competitive recognition of p53 and ... length), mg (1–560) and mg (208–1102) of purified recombinant protein per litre of insect cell culture In addition, an average of mg USP7 208-560 per litre of Escherichia coli fermentation broth...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... analysis of a purified GPI-anchorless soluble version of the mutant protein The Kcat ⁄ Km value of the mutant TNSALP was less than one-tenth of the Kcat ⁄ Km value of the soluble form of the wild-type ... compilation ª 2008 FEBS 2735 Molecular basis of perinatal form of hypophosphatasia 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 N Numa et al establishment of a model of infantile hypophosphatasia Dev Dyn 208, ... containing the SV40 early promoter [11] Shortage of a precursor of GPI in the endoplasmic reticulum may be one of the reasons why a small but significant fraction of the wild-type TNSALP forms the aggregate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... growth of peaks corresponding to the anomeric resonances of the 4-keto (compound B) and gem-diol (compound C) forms of GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-hexos-4-ulose (Fig 4B) On the basis of integration of the ... in regulation of enzyme activity or as a mechanism to change the oxidation state of bound cofactor There are properties of GMDs, e.g stimulation of catalytic activity by addition of micromolar ... assign C4 of compounds B and C It is of importance that a signal corresponding to C4 of compound B was observed at dC = 208.8 p.p.m and was indicative of a carbonyl group, whereas that of compound...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... (Val146–Asp179) A comparison of the crystal structures of CAS [27], AsnO [18] and VioC (Fig 3C) shows the high structural similarity of these enzymes, with overall rmsd ˚ values of 1.32 A for 169 Ca-positions ... established by the hydroxyl group of the side chain of Ser224 and the carboxamide group of the side chain of Gln137 Gln137 is suitably oriented to interact with the a-amino group of l-arginine These findings ... contrast to this finding, the lid region of AsnO Fig Lid control of substrate binding (A) Comparison of the lid regions of VioC (blue) and AsnO (green) The side chain of Ser224 forms a hydrogen bond with...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... probably coordinated to N7 atom of the imidazole ring of guanines Yet the possibility that deletion of the N7 group of purines may result in an alternative structure of the aptamer cannot be excluded ... importance of the N7 atom of purines in the organization of the Co2 binding site in selected aptamers and their involvement in the metal ion coordination (Fig 4) Participation of the N7 atom of purines ... 6-phosphate with glmS ribozyme in the presence of Mg2+ demonstrated the importance of the N7 group of purines and Mg2+ ions in the organization of the catalytic site of the ribozyme and in the glucosamine...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... essentially a repeat of a proposition stated earlier A "summary" suggests that a set of sons are to be found 2.3 IMPLICATIONS OF THIS ANALYSIS DESIC~ Our description of various processing strategies ... only one type of clue There are, in ~ i t i o n , Special words and phrases with a function of connectir~ a proposition to some preceding statement These clues aid in the processing of an arg~uent ... structure a hearer may expect from a speaker Some of the restrictions of this model include: (i) importance of the last proposition before NEW in the analysis of NEW; (2) preference for relations with...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... one of the NNIBP residues The position of the K103 residue is close to the entrance of the pocket and contributes through its aliphatic carbons to the hydrophobic character of that part of the ... wing2 composed of the heterocyclic ring structure of MSC194 and the substituted pyrimidine functionality of PNU142721 occupy the same part of the NNIBP as the benzoaxine-2-one ring of Efavirenz ... similar manner, the position of wing1 composed of the substituted phenyl ring of MSC194 and the fused ringstructure of PNU142721 overlap the less bulky cyclopropyl group of Efavirenz The overall...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... site of subunit A, but adopts an a ⁄ b mixture in the binding site of subunit B Accommodation of the b-configuration in the binding site of PAL requires a change in the rotamer conformation of Glu221 ... beta-anomeric oxygen position of mannose is drawn in light green, as is the corresponding orientation of the side chain of Glu221 The second conformation of the side chain of Glu221, which also adopts ... and 117 of PAL and makes a hydrogen bond to O3 of GlcNAc (Fig 8A) Binding of GlcNAc in the )1 subsite of PAL is energetically favorable and contributes significantly to the higher affinity of PAL...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 30 Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the ... kcat ⁄ K0.5 of the mutants compared to kcat ⁄ K0.5 of Dm-dNK (-fold) dTTP concentrations, the kinetics was clearly competitive with a Kic value of lm For comparison, the Kic value of dTTP with ... and a part of the phosphate donor site [21] The phosphates of the inhibitor are tightly bound by residues of the P-loop and LID region (residues 167–176) A Mg ion is present in one out of the four...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... both ADP and ATP–actin (not Fig Effect of pH on the interaction of actin with cofilin (A) Effect of pH on the interaction of RITC-actin with cofilin Binding of RITC-labeled actin (1.5 lM) to cofilin ... probably as a result of the label as it is known that modification of Cys374 by other agents inhibits the interaction with cofilin [19] We measured the affinity of binding of cofilin to unmodified ... ATP-G-actin as a function of pH by direct means in order to confirm that the lack of pH sensitivity was not an artifact of labelled actin We found no difference in binding of either ADP or ATP-actin...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... will assist the development of novel inhibitors of hCSE which may be of clinical use in the treatment of a range of disease states resulting from over-production of H2S 44 2.2 Experimental procedures ... Doses of PAG shown are mg/kg (i.p.) (adapted from Bhatia et al, 2005a) 1.2.5 Summary of H2S physiological importance Previous sections highlight the importance of production of H2S in a number of ... studies, molecular details of CSE mediated production of H2S and inhibition of H2S production by PAG is discussed Please refer to chapter II of this thesis for the details of this project Moreover,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17