stress apoptosis and dna damage

... p73 and HIPK2 in apoptosis N Bitomsky & T G Hofmann Fig Regulation of DNA damage- induced cell death by p53 and HIPK2 Genotoxic stress- induced DNA damage facilitates activation of the DNA damage- activated ... of DNA damage, which in turn determines whether DNA lesions can, or cannot, be repaired As unrepaired DNA damage is characterized by constant activity of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM and ... cellular context and the extent of DNA damage – which determines whether or not damage is reparable – the activated DDR can trigger different cellular responses Mild DNA damage is usually handled through...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... CS-induced oxidative damage and proteolysis may lead to apoptosis of alveolar cells and overall damage to the lung, which is likely to be prevented by antioxidants In fact, oxidative stress has been ... cell apoptosis and emphysema J Clin Invest 2000, 106:1311-1319 Tuder RM, Zhen L, Cho CY, Stewart LT, Kasahara Y, Salvemini D, Voelkel NF, Flores SC: Oxidative stress and apoptosis interact andcause ... data and other reports indicate that along with oxidative damage, apoptosis plays a crucial role in CS-induced lung damage [1,4-8] Although it is hypothesized that interaction of oxidative stress...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... of influenza infection and inflammation on DNA damage and DNA damage responses By studying chromatin phosphorylation as a measure of DNA damage, we show that the level of DNA damage increases following ... of DNA damage generated by endogenous stresses are single strand lesions, such as base damage, abasic sites and SSBs [39, 40] While DNA strand breaks can arise directly via the cleavage of DNA ... cytotoxicity and mutagenesis, respectively [21, 22] Here, we hypothesize that influenza infection induces DNA damage, and that DNA damage responses modulate cytotoxicity and tissue damage in infected...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:16

... sense for DNA damages, activate cell signaling and repair DNA lesions DNA damage are surveyed via DNA damage sensors, Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, and replication protein A (RPA) and Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 ... bases, deaminated bases, and DNA- DNA and DNA- protein cross-links (Lonkar and Dedon 2011) In addition, attack of ROS / RNS on DNA backbone can also lead to DNA single strand breaks (SSBs), which ... ONOO- and OH• will overwhelm antioxidant systems and exacerbate DNA damage OH• radical is considered one of the most potent ROS that leads to DNA damage by oxidizing bases and attacking DNA backbones...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 06:20

... between initial DNA damage, measured as DSB, and RIA Ionizing radiation (IR) kills cells by damaging the structure and function of genomic DNA The response of cells to this damage and their ability ... [29,30], and 2) cell-cycle checkpoints that provide time for repair and apoptosis [31] Depending on the severity of the DNA damage, cells may undergo apoptosis instead of attempting to repair the damage ... were held hour at 4°C and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours The study of initial DNA damage was completed in the University of Granada (Spain) Initial radiation-induced DNA damage in PBLs was measured...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... initial DNA damage and RIA in LABC patients [23] Taking into account the above background and our previously observations, we explored the clinical association between initial DNA damage and RIA ... predictor assays taking into account the initial DNA damage and radiation-induced apoptosis levels, and introduces new data which may help to understand and define the complex mechanisms behind the ... between the initial DNA damage and the radiationinduced apoptosis, as a consequence of x-ray, may exist [43,44] DNA DSB are assumed to be the most important lesion to induce apoptosis [45] Depending...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... genomic stability are integrated and coordinated by the checkpoint pathway Sensing DNA Damage and DNA Replication Stress ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) are two large ... ATR-ATRIP, Rad17, and 9-1-1 complexes can independently recognize damage- induced DNA structures such as ssDNA and junctions of dsDNA/ssDNA Moreover, RPA appears to play important roles in the damage recognition ... of DNA damage is coupled to a specific DNA repair pathway as well as the cell cycle regulatory apparatus Certain types of Checkpoint and Coordinated Cellular Responses to DNA Damage 73 DNA damage...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... causes DNA damage in hepatocytes Transplant Proc 26, 907–909 Moller P, Loft S, Lundby C & Olsen NV (2001) Acute hypoxia and hypoxic exercise induce DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage ... As both hypoxia and reoxygenation have been reported to induce DNA damage [30–32], we examined the effects of pyruvate addition during hypoxia and after reoxygenation on DNA damage HepG2 cells ... in the number of DNA strand breaks (e.g radiotherapy and alkylating agents) Pyruvate might thus reduce the efficiency 5194 E Roudier et al of treatment by limiting DNA damage and favoring repair...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... intensity was  45% of its initial abundance DNA strand break analysis The ability of Cu(II)-Ami to induce strand breaks in plasmid DNA in the absence and presence of H2O2 was tested with the use ... region, at m/z of 1232 and 1294 They can be assigned to single-charged molecules of Cu(II)Ami2 and Cu(II)2-Ami2, respectively Also, two additional Ó FEBS 2002 DNA and RNA damage by Cu(II) amikacin ... complex over tRNAPhe (lanes and 9, Fig 6) The cleavage intensities increased with the concentration of Ami and Cu(II)-Ami gradually, up to their Ó FEBS 2002 DNA and RNA damage by Cu(II) amikacin...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... Antonio Migheli Introduction 1.1 DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Necrosis A number of exogenous and endogenous toxic agents may damage DNA, leading to genomic instability and transcriptional infidelity ... of DNA Damage: Methods and Protocols Edited by: V V Didenko © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ Walker et al Fig Patterns of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis (A) DNA extracted from control (lane 1) and ... single stranded DNA molecules containing a 3'-OH and will attach nucleotides to a single-strand nick in DNA This is particularly useful since many single-strand breaks are also introduced into DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:47

... Following DNA damage recognition, downstream DNA repair proteins (XPA, RPA, TFIIH complex, ERCC1/XPF and XPG) are recruited to the DNA damage recognition complexes in both TCR and GGR to remove the damage ... mouse/cage) and monitored for recovery and discomfort Immediately (0 h) and 24 h after perfusion, mice were euthanized and tumors, kidneys, liver, spleen, heart and brain were dissected and snap ... bulky DNA damage that is repaired mostly by the nucleotide excision repair system (NER) Cellular response to cisplatin -DNA damage involves the induction of DNA repair proteins to initiate DNA repair...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... 87(15):5837–5841 18 DNA Repair − On the Pathways to Fixing DNA Damage and Errors Holmes, AM & Haber, J (1999) Double-strand break repair in yeast requires both leading and lagging strand DNA polymerases, ... Sgs1 helicase and two nucleases Dna2 and Exo1 resect DNA double-strand break ends, Cell 134(6):981-994 2 Synergy Between DNA Replication and Repair Mechanisms Maria Zannis-Hadjopoulos and Emmanouil ... locally unwound DNA (Bell and Dutta, 2002; Dutta and Bell, 1997) and promoting the assembly of the multienzyme complexes required 26 DNA Repair − On the Pathways to Fixing DNA Damage and Errors for...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 05:20

... possible and apoptotic mechanisms are induced Although both nDNA and mtDNA undergo oxidative damage [4], it is intriguing to note, first, that mtDNA incurs far higher freeradical damage than nDNA ... in DNA strands, for example as a result of damage by free radicals, is detrimental to cells, these adducts are normally excised by repair mechanisms and excreted When oxida- tive damage to DNA ... bacterial DNA and differs from eukaryotic nDNA in that it is not protected by histones and has a higher frequency of unmethylated CpG motifs We have shown that purified human and murine mtDNAs, as...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... double-strand DNA damage and complex with other important repair molecules g-H2AX is required for foci formation for numerous factors including p53, MRN complex (MRE-11, RAD50, and NBS1), and BRCA1 ... phosphorylation, and kinetics of repair of DNA strand breaks in irradiated cervical cancer cell lines Cancer Res 2004, 64(19):7144-7149 47 Bilsland E, Downs JA: Tails of histones in DNA double-strand break ... produce DNA interstrand and/ or intrastrand cross-links [29,30] As has been known, bifunctional alkylating agents induce collapsed replication forks that can lead to either cell cycle arrest, DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... which DNA- PKcs is a member (DNA- PKcs, PCNA, PARP, Ku70, Ku86, and TRBP) Thus, DNA- PKcs demonstrates an increased rank when consideration is refocused toward protein interactions involved in DNA damage ... group (FANCA, D2, E and G) FANC genes mediate a stress related signaling pathway that allows a normal cell to surmount certain types of damage induced in DNA, principally interstrand crosslinks [20] ... peptide and the complexes separated on SDS-PAGE and subjected to immunoblotting with antiDNA-PKcs Endogenous DNA- PKcs specifically associates with the Tax containing protein complex and is detected...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... (upper Tax band) to total Tax (upper and lower Tax bands) for both unirradiated and UV irradiated cells These results demonstrate that mono-ubiquitination of Tax occurs following DNA damage and that ... to DNA damage may be a consequence of their inability to be ubiquitinated Lysine residues 280 and 284 are ubiquitinated in response to DNA damage Since Tax is ubiquitinated in response to DNA damage ... (Figure 5E and 6B) where it was colocalized with sc35 (Figure 5E and 6C) As with wild-type Tax, following DNA damage, increased cytoplasmic localization of TaxK6R (Figure 5F and 6B) and reduced...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 06:20

... (uninfected and the LacZ control cells and cells knocked-down for Rel-A, p53 and ATM), each probed at two time points: without treatment and h after exposure to NCS Definition of the damage- responding ... by RNAi Nat Biotechnol 2003, 21:635-637 Povirk LF: DNA damage and mutagenesis by radiomimetic DNA- cleaving agents: bleomycin, neocarzinostatin and other enediynes Mutat Res 1996, 355:71-89 Irizarry ... A, Shamir R: CLICK and EXPANDER: a system for clustering and visualizing gene expression data Bioinformatics 2003, 19:1787-1799 EXPANDER [http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~rshamir/expander/] Dennis G Jr,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage in DNA 1.2.1 DNA damage Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species 1.2.2 DNA Damage Induced by Reactive Nitrogen Species 1.3 Mutagenicity of Oxidative and Nitrosative DNA Damage ... obtained mtDNA of desired purity in order to make a valid comparison of oxidative damage between mtDNA and nDNA Our data show that a possibility exists that mtDNA damage is not higher than nDNA damage, ... quantities of DNA, cross contamination of nDNA and mtDNA, and artefactual oxidation of DNA during isolation of mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA constitutes only 1% of the total cellular DNA If mtDNA is...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... 1.1 NBS and NBS1 protein 1.2 MRN complex 1.3 ATM and ATR kinases 1.4 DNA damage response 10 1.5 1.4.1 DNA damage sensing 10 1.4.2 DNA damage ... damage mediating - ATM and ATR activation 11 1.4.3 DNA damage effect - cell cycle checkpoint control 13 1.4.4 DNA damage effect - apoptosis 17 1.4.5 DNA damage response as anti-cancer ... checkpoint 1.4.4 DNA damage effect - apoptosis Following the induction of DNA damage, another prominent route of cellular activities is apoptosis Apoptosis could be induced by many DNA damaging agents...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:35

... 1.1 NBS and NBS1 protein 1.2 MRN complex 1.3 ATM and ATR kinases 1.4 DNA damage response 10 1.5 1.4.1 DNA damage sensing 10 1.4.2 DNA damage ... damage mediating - ATM and ATR activation 11 1.4.3 DNA damage effect - cell cycle checkpoint control 13 1.4.4 DNA damage effect - apoptosis 17 1.4.5 DNA damage response as anti-cancer ... checkpoint 1.4.4 DNA damage effect - apoptosis Following the induction of DNA damage, another prominent route of cellular activities is apoptosis Apoptosis could be induced by many DNA damaging agents...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 22:49