steps in conducting a systematic review

... specifically activating or de-activating the abdominal wall during PFMT was investigated While reducing abdominal muscle activity has been advocated to isolate the PFM and minimise intra-abdominal ... in the last decade (1995–2005) Background and rationale The International Continence Society defines urinary incontinence (UI) as the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine [1] It is a ... 30 nary incontinence: a four-continent randomized clinical trial BJU International 2004, 93(3 February):311-318 Fantl JA, Newman DK, Colling J, al : Urinary incontinence in Adults: Acute and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 14:20

... the analysis and interpretation of the data and finalizing the manuscript All authors read and gave approval of the final manuscript 12 13 14 15 16 Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Patrich DL: Measuring health-related ... HRQL has become an area of increasing interest and has been evaluated in many diseases, including tuberculosis (TB) To measure HRQL, two kinds of instruments are often used: generic and diseasespecific ... consistent In Chamala [28], factor analysis was applied to evaluate the 2-dimensional model of the SF-36 Two factors (physical health and mental health) were extracted and subjected to orthogonal rotation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... occupation-related skin diseases in skin-exposure occupational groups] Hautarzt 2001, 52:615-623 Latza U, Baur X: Occupational obstructive airway diseases in Germany: Frequency and causes in an international ... interpretation of data and has been involved in revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content MD has made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data and has been involved ... intellectual content CP has made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, the interpretation of data and has been involved in drafting and revising the manuscript All authors...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... chronic cardiovascular disease: A long and winding road J Am Coll Cardiol 2004, 43:1738-1742 Estabrooks CA, Wallin L, Milner M: Measuring knowledge utilization in health care International Journal ... practitioners and researchers aimed at solving a clinical problem using research findings In- service education and demonstration tutorial by opinion leader Multi-disciplinary team Kim's Research ... Workshops about research findings Workshops about research utilization Local opinion leaders Educational meetings Educational meetings Educational meetings Champion and Leach Research Utilization...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Leshabari M, Kaaya S: Youth and Development in Tanzania: Challenges from a Health Perspective In Social Change and Health in Tanzania Edited by: Heggenhougen K, Lugalla J Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam ... (chain referral) in urban Africa and large towns, but the prevalence of IDU in rural Africa has not been assessed National IDU prevalence estimates from data on urban areas range up to an astounding ... young adults in Nyanza Province, Kenya Int J STD AIDS 2009, 20:119-122 Lawal R, Adelekan M, Akinhanmi A, Coker A: Knowledge, attitude, practice and behaviour of heroin and cocaine users in Nigeria...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... T, Hanasawa K, Kodama M, Imaizumi H, Yonekawa M, Saito M, Ikeda T, Yagi Y, Takayama K, Amano I, et al.: Correlation between plasma endotoxin, plasma cytokines, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ... Medicine Chest 1992, 101:1644-1655 41 Kodama M, Tani T, Hanasawa K, Hirata K, Hirasawa H, Oda S, Otsuka T, Yamamoto Y, Kanesaka S, Takahashi Y, et al.: Treatment of sepsis by plasma endotoxin removal: ... study and participated in data interpretation All authors read and approved the final manuscript Acknowledgements The authors thank the investigators of the original studies, especially Hisataka...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... the initial Pediatric Risk of Mortality scores and the initial PaO2/FiO2 ratios to be clinically comparable Primary outcome: mortality Mortality data were available for all six trials, randomizing ... citation purposes) Critical Care Vol 11 No Duffett et al Additional files 13 The following Additional files are available online: Additional file A Word file containing a table listing individual ... bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004, 5:482-489 Schoenfeld DA, Bernard GR, Network A: Statistical evaluation of ventilator-free days as...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:21

... following groups of variables: study data variables, methodological variables, population variables, and intervention and outcome variables Quality assessment In this review, quality assessment including ... the QRS ratings was assessed by measuring inter-observer agreement using the kappa statistic [48] Data analysis: Computation of effect size The meta analysis used the standardized mean difference ... percentile of a spider fear inventory and failing a behavioural avoidance test) Male students with dating anxiety Self concept in students with learning disability and emotional handicap Students...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:21

... These include a decrease in incidence and mortality, a male predominance, and age-related etiology patterns The decreasing incidence is almost certainly related to increased awareness of hazardous ... Kingdom Southern Europe Albania 3.2 0.818 Tirana Andorra 0.1 0.934 Andorra la Vella Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.8 0.812 Sarajevo Croatia (Hrvatska) 4.4 0.871 Zagreb b 1.1 0.914 Nicosia (Lefkosia) ... The HDI measures development by combining indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment, and income into a composite HDI The HDI is in fact a single statistic that serves as a frame of reference...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... secretion removal SaO2 was maintained at or above 90%; PaCO2 was maintained at

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... risk of malignancy, and planning conservative management for an adnexal mass that is probably benign versus surgical treatment during pregnancy for an adnexal mass that has malignant characteristics ... Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 Breast cancer Glandular epithelia Uncertain (maternal mammary gland epithelium? placenta?) 290 kDa Squamous cell carcinoma antigen Cervical squamous cell cancer Squamous epithelia ... 37 Scholz C, Hermann C, Kachler A, Kainer F, Friese K, Makrigiannakis A, et al: Association of placental inflammation with fetomaternal hemorrhage and loss of placental mucin-1 Arch Gynecol Obstet...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... premise that low income groups across different countries share similar constraints in accessing health care 6.2 SETTIN G Most trials took place in North America: 25 in the USA and in Canada A further ... regarding the human resource crisis in health care in many LMICs has renewed interest in the roles that LHWs may play in extending services to ‘hard to reach’ groups and areas and in substituting ... the 1970s the initiation and rapid expansion of LHW programmes in low and middle income settings was stimulated by the primary health care approach adopted by the WHO at Alma-Ata (Walt 1990) However,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... has resulted in an increasing array of curricular interventions Activities to promote reflection are now being incorporated into undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education, and ... between nurses and managers; nursing practice; and, nursing input into a clinical situation It appeared that the organizational hierarchy of the ward, specifically the 123 608 K Mann et al authority ... generated findings that indicated benefit to learners Sobral (2000) suggests that the ability to form associations and integrate information may result in deeper learning, facilitating students having...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... Gultekin SH, Liu B, Zhang DY Intracranial tuberculoma in a liver transplant patient: first reported case and review of the literature Am J Transplant 2003;3:88-93 Al-Moamary MS, Al-Baz S, Alothman A, ... caused by antitubercular drugs Report of a clinical case [in Italian] Minerva Anestesiol 2000;66:249-251 Mizoe A, Fujioka H, Kamohara Y, Watanabe Y, Azuma T, Kanematsu T The significance of measuring ... 2):66 7A 59 D’Antiga L, Dhawan A, Portmann B, Francavilla R, Rela M, Heaton N, Mieli-Vergani G Late cellular rejection in paediatric liver transplantation: aetiology and outcome Transplantation...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

... since original paper was not available { only the years of which least biased data (according to Berg’s [115] opinion) were available are included here { Smear-negative tuberculosis was defined ... disease Taking the crude unweighted average of all studies one arrives at a 5-year case fatality of 58% and a 10-year case fatality of 73% for open (smearpositive) tuberculosis Taking an average ... was definitely available to some patients in that part of India as the authors discovered a high percentage of INH drug resistance, which again clearly indicates that patients could have been...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

...  Reading and spelling et al. Total instructional time = specific data not N/S – whether supplementary or additional or part replacement etc  available (reviewer estimate = approx ... as calculated by the reviewers (mean of word recognition and word attack measures; also mean of comprehension measures, mean of spelling measures, and synthetic versus analytic, where applicable), ... Recommendations For teaching  Since there is evidence that systematic phonics teaching benefits children’s reading accuracy, it should be part of every literacy teacher’s repertoire and a routine part...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22

... was carried out in Cameroon, Chad, Morocco, Nicaragua, Niger, Rwanda, Sri Lanka and Tanzania [22-35] Key interventions that were most often absent included assisted vaginal delivery and manual ... 283–294 Kayongo M, Rubardt M, Butera J, Abdullah M, Mboninyibuka D, Madili M: Making EmOC a reality – CARE's experiences in areas of high maternal mortality in Africa International Journal of Gynaecology ... Koblinsky M, Matthews Z, Hussein J, Mavalankar D, Mridha MK, Anwar I, Achadi E, Adjei S, Padmanabhan P, Marchal B, et al.: Going to scale with professional skilled care [see comment][erratum appears...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... Kamoto K, Harries A: Nurses and medical assistants taking charge: task-shifting HIV care and HAART initiation in resource-constrained and rural Malawi Oral Abstract Session: AIDS 2008 - XVII International ... sub-Saharan Africa A randomized trial in Uganda [59] comparing home-based and facility-based care also found similar rates of viral load suppression, failure and mortality A community-based program ... task-shifting for HAART delivery in sub-Saharan Africa That study found that nurse-managed ART was non-inferior to doctor-managed ART in urban clinics in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa: both...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... lay health workers Implications for research Malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia are of huge public health importance in sub-Saharan Africa and if ITNs, Page of 11 antimalarials, antibiotics, oral ... al.: Thirty years after Alma-Ata: a systematic review of the impact of community health workers delivering curative interventions against malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea on child mortality and ... malaria setting Such reductions in mortality would bring about large gains in child survival in sub-Saharan Africa if these programmes were implemented at scale However, 30 years after Alma-Ata...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20