statistical sentence generation introducing a dependency spanning tree algorithm

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... elementary trees that are auxiliary trees also contain exactly one foot node, which is marked with an asterisk (∗). Trees that are not auxiliary trees are called initial trees. Elementary trees can be ... planning specification language and show how LTAG grammaticality can be encoded as a PDDL problem and how we can reconstruct an LTAG derivation from the plan. 2.1 Tree- adjoining grammars The grammar ... without being changed by the action. Atoms are printed in boldface iff they contradict the goal. This plan can be read as a derivation tree that has one node for each action instance in the plan, and an edge...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... by placing certain ports in the blocking state. Spanning- Tree Protocol © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—3-10 Spanning- Tree Example © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights ... STP maintains connectivity by transitioning some blocked ports to the forwarding state. • RSTP significantly speeds the recalculation of the spanning tree when the network topology changes. ... bridge ID, which is made up of the bridge’s priority and MAC address. • With STP, ports transition through four states: blocking, listening, learning, and forwarding. • If a change occurs to the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2013, 01:27

... a wind farm of HAWT using GA gives a uniform grid arrangement similar that obtained by Grady et al. [2]; this is different than that obtained by Mosetti [1] who obtained a somewhat random arrangement. ... Genetic algorithms (GA) are a class of stochastic optimization algorithms inspired by the biological evolution. The GA starts with an initial generation, which is a group of input vectors that are ... Engineering in department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA. He is a Fellow of ASME, AIAA, IEEE, and SAE. E-mail address: rka@wustl.edu...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:03

... configuration and verify it. • Observe the behavior of spanning- tree algorithm in presence of switched network topology changes. Background/Preparation Cable a network similar to one of the diagram. ... Switch _A# show spanning- tree brief b. On Switch_B type show spanning- tree brief at the privileged EXEC mode prompt as follows: Switch_B#show spanning- tree brief Examine the command output and ... specifically instructed otherwise. Start a HyperTerminal session. Step 1 Configure the switches Configure the hostname, access and command mode passwords, as well as the management LAN settings....

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... Switch _A# show spanning- tree brief b. On Switch_B type show spanning- tree brief at the privileged exec mode prompt as follows: Switch_B#show spanning- tree brief c. What changes have taken place ... configuration and verify it. • Observe the behavior of spanning tree algorithm in presence of switched network topology changes. Background / Preparation Cable a network similar to one of the diagram. ... specifically instructed otherwise. Start a Hyperterminal session. Step 1 Configure the switches Configure the hostname, access and command mode passwords, as well as the management LAN settings....

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... Check again with the show spanning- tree command to make sure the priority has changed: ALSwitch#sh spanning- tree Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol ... previous lab - 5.2.5.1 (Spanning- Tree Default Behavior). Make sure your uplink cables are connected as shown in the graphic above. 2. Look at the spanning- tree output: DLSwitch1> (enable) ... to make sure, examine things on ALSwitch: ALSwitch#sh spanning- tree Spanning tree 1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 49152, address...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 19:20

... representative of the program (admin@raecp.org ). Managers: are responsible for the following parts: (At least 2 managers for each part and 1 manager may undertake many parts) 1. Coordinator: ... the name Raising Awareness on Environment and Climate Change Program. The management board consists of a program director, some program managers and specialized staffs who are grouped as the ... 1960s and 1990s and the Hydro meteorological General Department estimates that the seawater level is raising at an average rate of 2 mm per year. Coastal erosion has also been reported, such as...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 12:20

... STP maintains connectivity by transitioning some blocked ports to the forwarding state. • RSTP significantly speeds the recalculation of the spanning tree when the network topology changes. ... bridge • One designated port per segment • Nondesignated ports are unused Spanning- Tree Operation © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—3-13 Rapid Spanning- Tree Protocol © 2002, ... v2.0—3-15 Summary • STP is a bridge-to-bridge protocol used to maintain a loop-free network. • STP establishes a root bridge, a root port, and designated ports. • With STP, the root bridge has the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 08:20

... pages 333–341, Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation as a Traveling Salesman Problem Mikhail Zaslavskiy ∗ Marc Dymetman Nicola ... Franz Josef Och, and Daniel Marcu. 2003. Statistical phrase-based translation. In NAACL 2003, pages 48–54, Morristown, NJ, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics. Adam Lopez. 2008. Statistical ... the sentence are as follows: ID source target h cette this t traduction translation ht cette traduction this translation mt traduction automatique machine translation a automatique automatic m automatique...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... Krugler, Wayne Ward, James H. Martin, and Daniel Juraf- sky. 200 5a. Support vector learning for semantic argument classification. Machine Learning Journal. Sameer Pradhan, Wayne Ward, Kadri Hacioglu, James Martin, ... 6 main arguments, Arg0 is the Agent, Arg1 is Patient, etc. ArgM- may indicate adjunct arguments, such as Locative, Temporal. Many researchers (Gildea and Jurafsky, 2002; Pradhan et al., 200 5a) ... Parse Tree Path feature in the flat feature set since the Path feature is sensi- tive to small changes of the parse trees and it also does not maintain the hierarchical information of a parse tree. It...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... on dependency parsing provided data for a number of languages in a com- mon data format. We have selected seven of these languages for which the data is available to us. Ad- ditionally, we have ... oracle parse accuracy is high. The or- acle parse accuracy for a set of parse trees is the highest accuracy for any individual tree in the set. We show that the 1-best accuracy and oracle accu- racy ... of NODALIDA 2007, Tartu, Estonia, May 25-26. To appear. Ryan McDonald and Fernando Pereira. 2006. Online learning of approximate dependency parsing algorithms. In Proceed- ings of the Annual Meeting...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Statistical Machine Translation using a Maximum Entropy Approach Ismael Garc ´ a Varea Dpto. de Inform´atica Univ. de Castilla-La Mancha Campus Universitario s/n 02071 Albacete, Spain ivarea@info-ab.uclm.es Franz ... boundaries. References Yaser Al-Onaizan, Jan Curin, Michael Jahr, Kevin Knight, John Lafferty, Dan Melamed, David Purdy, Franz J. Och, Noah A. Smith, and David Yarowsky. 1999. Statistical ma- chine translation, final ... dialog act. To include this additional information within the statistical framework we use the maximum en- tropy approach. This approach has been applied in natural language processing to a variety...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... The woman wanted the dresm on that rock. has low attachment of the PP, whereas The tnoman positioned the dreu on that rack. has high attachment. Garden-Path Sentences Grammatical sentences ... mentioned above is generated automatically from a context-free grammar by the standard al- gorithm [Aho and Johnson, 1974]. The parsing alogrithm differs, however, from the standard LALR(1) parsing ... some way the linguistic performance as well as the linguistic competence of the native speaker. We have developed a parsing algorithm a variant of the LALR(I} shift reduce algorithm that models...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Berkman Center staff and interns and the Harvard Law School Library staff. Catherine Bracy Ramesh Nagarajan Bruce Etling Caroline Nolan Sawyer Carter Jacobs Antwaun Wallace Colin Maclay Catherine ... Anjali Dalal Olivier Sautel Gildas de Muizon Marta Stryszowska Jan Gerlach Lara Srivastava Jock Given Andrea Von Kaenel Hank Greenberg Asa Wilks (statistics: urbanicity & poverty; actual ... States 0 40 80 120 160 Italy Greece Luxembourg Czech Portugal United Austria Germany Finland Denmark Ireland Sweden Netherlands Slovak Norway Hungary Switzerland Poland Spain Iceland New Zealand Australia Belgium South Korea France United Turkey Japan Mexico Canada Source:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... L. Paris, William R. Swartout, and William C. Mann (Eds.): Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics, pages 293-312. David Kauchak and Regina Barzilay. ... are stored in paraphrase tables (PTs). A paraphrase ta- ble is similar to a phrase table in SMT, which con- tains fine-grained paraphrases, such as paraphrase phrases, patterns, or collocations. The ... the matched patterns are instantiated and the matched colloca- tions are connected with words between them. 837 Multiple Paraphrase Tables PT1 …… Paraphrase Planning Paraphrase Generation t Sentence...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20