statistical inference on odds ratio

... countable Like Definition 1.4, Definition 1.8 depends on the notion of a one-to-one correspondence between sets However, whereas this notion is completely straightforward when at least one of the sets ... equations as the multiplication rule for conditional probability Used in conjunction with tree diagrams, the multiplication rule provides a powerful tool for analyzing situations that involve conditional ... conditional probabilities Example Consider three fair coins, identical except that one coin (HH) is Heads on both sides, one coin (HT) is heads on one side and Tails on the other, and one coin...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... rely on information that can only be extracted from the derivation tree rather than the GR set Processing time for our system was 61 seconds on one 2.2GHz Opteron CPU (comprising tokenization, ... informational redundancies to avoid double47 Conclusions Conf on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Las Palmas, Gran Canaria 1499–1504 Carroll, J and E.J Briscoe 2002 High precision extraction ... PCFG, the model discriminates between derivations which only differ in the order of application of the same rules and also conditions rule application on the PoS tag of the lookahead token When...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... 1725-2806 (online) CONTENTS Abstract Non-technical summary Introduction Institutional Design of the Purdah Period Measuring Communication 10 Purdah communication and financial market reactions 11 Conclusions ... reductions in the labour force and the beginnings of a reduction in consumer confidence all add up," he said "The balance of risk has shifted from one of concern about inflation to one of concern ... 834 “International frictions and optimal monetary policy cooperation: analytical solutions” by M Darracq Pariès, November 2007 835 “US shocks and global exchange rate configurations” by M Fratzscher,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... Applications, P C Consul 100 Nonlinear Lp-Norm Estimation, Rene Gonin and Arthur H Money 101 Model Discrimination for Nonlinear Regression Models, Dale S Borowiak 102 Applied Regression Analysis ... Marginal and Conditional Distributions 3.2.2 The Multinomial Distribution 3.3 Continuous Distributions 3.3.1 The Joint, Marginal and Conditional Distributions 3.3.2 Three and Higher Dimensions 3.4 ... Probability and Statistical Inference, Nitis Mukhopadhyay Additional Volumes in Preparation PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE NITIS MUKHOPADHYAY University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut Library...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:25

... correlations among environments without making any assumption about the genetic correlations between environments The method is based on restricted maximum likelihood estimators (REML) and on a generalized ... at iteration !t,I + 1] can be [t, I] The be the values at iteration v p!t,l+11 is the only positive root of the following quadratic equation: with: 0i’!!U is the solution of the equation 7-!! ... equation: is the solution of the xi’!!U is = The convergence of the EM-REML procedure is measured as the norm of the changes in variance-covariance components between iterations In our simulation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... quadratic form x’Gx The optimization of this expression is invariant to the addition (or multiplication) of any constant to G, unless more than one population is considered If the G matrices are ... shifted by a constant but their contrasts and selection decisions will be unaffected In this case, the variance components need to be estimated Toro et al Genetics Selection Evolution 2011, 43:27 ... of research on the evolution and conservation of natural populations, for example for estimating heritabilities, estimating population sizes, minimizing inbreeding in captive populations, and studying...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... methods Methods Generation of a 2-d null distribution: Bootstrap procedure The 2-d null distribution can be estimated using 2-d non-parametric distribution of one averaged subset of controls vs another ... under consideration In other words, while the bootstrap process allows finding the 2-d null distribution, it does not improve the estimation of the expression level of individual genes Generation ... BSTRP3_additional_figure2.png Additional file – BSTRP3_additional_figure3.png Additional file – BSTRP3_additional_figure4.png (additional Figure 1) (additional Figure 2) (additional Figure 3) (additional Figure 4)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... Tu n B ng 2: Truy tìm ung thư vú t vong Nhóm A – X quang B – i ch ng T ng s i tư ng tham gia 66,103 66,105 S t vong 183 177 V i s li u này, có th th y t l t vong nhóm A p A = 183 / 66103 = 0.002768 ... i ơn v c a RR t l t vong, có th nói r ng nhóm ch p mammography thư ng xuyên có t l t vong cao nhóm i ch ng kho ng 3.4% Nhưng ơn v c a OR odd, không th phát bi u v “t l t vong”, mà ch có th phát ... thi u tính nh t quán (consistency) Nhưng OR v n thi u nh t quán Trong ví d trên, n u l y ch s “m c b nh” làm so sánh, OR 3.06 Nhưng n u l y “không m c b nh” làm ch s son sánh, OR v n 3.06 (b...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2014, 00:26

... hình Poisson B ng Phân bi t m t s ch s phân tích o lư ng nh hư ng, thu t ng phương pháp Ch s Ngu n g c Tên g i khác Odds ratio Odds ratio (Cornfield, 1951) Relative risk Cross-product ratio Relative ... (Cornfield, 1951) Hazard ratio Intensity of mortality ratio (Gompertz 1825) Nh phân Force of mortality Exponential, Poisson regression (Cochran, 1940; Kutner Beauchamp 1973) Cox’s proportional hazards (Cox ... (Dispersion parameter for poisson family taken to be 1) Null deviance: 845.789 Residual deviance: 44.288 AIC: 91.688 on on degrees of freedom degrees of freedom Number of Fisher Scoring iterations:...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2014, 00:26

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 16:24

... is not monotone in µ if −π < α < −π/2, it can be expressed as a finite sum of square integrable monotone functions One possible such expression 2.3 An Efficient Rank Test of Location Based on ELF ... and the difference between population means is examined On the other hand, for robustness considerations, nonparametric tests are also widely used Among these nonparametric procedures, the most ... majority of other common distributions such as exponential by Tong (1974), exponential families by Tong (1977), Pareto by Beg & Singh (1979) and gamma by Constantine et al (1986), among others Recently,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 21:37

... 1959) on the mean-variance (MV) portfolio optimization procedure is a milestone in modern finance theory for optimal portfolio construction, asset allocation and investment diversification It is ... optimal return and c its corresponding allocation plan One could obtain the solution of (1.1) from the following proposition: Proposition 1.1.1 For the optimization problem shown in (1.1), the ... maximized, we have z = In addition, if we consider the maximization problem under only the second restriction, cT c = T x2 1 + y µT µ + |z|2 ≤ σ0 , the solution will be c= ˜ ˜ σ0 µ or, equivalently,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 12:42

... Hannan-Quinn 188,4284 Durbin-Watson 1,737618 CONFIDENCE INTERVALS probability density function of b2 max (1) conditional on 2 = 2 being true (2) conditional on 2 = 2 being true (2) min 2 -1.96sd ... deviations from its mean That for a t distribution with degrees of freedom starts 2.57 standard deviations from its mean t TEST OF A HYPOTHESIS RELATING TO A REGRESSION COEFFICIENT t Distribution: ... this reason we need to refer to a table of critical values of t when performing significance tests on the coefficients of a regression equation Number of degrees of freedom in a regression = number...

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2015, 14:36

... initial carbon content, it dropped to nearly 25% at the end of the composting period (Figure 4) Decrease in total organic carbon concentration resulted from the oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide ... content Moisture content at Day and during the composting process in all compost piles were adjusted to 60 % because an optimum level of moisture content had strong effect on oxygen consumption ... in C/N ratio The C/N ratio is one of the factors used to indicate compost maturation A C/N ratio of 20 or less is accepted as mature compost (Land Development Department, 2003) The C/N ratios...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... This section describes two modifications which improve the model's performance • In addition to conditioning on whether dependencies cross commas, a single constraint concerning punctuation is introduced ... relationship in only one of these cases, so this sentence would contribute an estimate of ½ that the two words are related This seems unreasonably low given that 'sales of' is a strong collocation ... backed-off estimation strategy is used for making prepositional phrase attachment decisions The idea is to back-off to estimates based on less context In this case, less context means looking...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... a rational point on the unit circle C1 and so there are plenty of rational points on C1 For v > 1, these facts regarding the distribution of rational points on the circle under consideration ... the rational points under consideration are ‘evenly’ distributed The proofs of the Khintchine type and Hausdorff measure/dimension theorems stated in this paper rely heavily on this information ... sum condition of part (i) is trivially satisfied The dimension statement (Corollary 3) is a consequence of part (ii) of Lemma and so the regularity condition Ψ(2t+1 ) Ψ(2t ) on the function Ψ...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... Chistyakov Random Allocations V H Winston & Sons (Washington, D C.), 1978 (translated from Russian) Distributed by Halsted Press, a Division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc [7] NEDA Election integrity audit ... time The approximation is only occasionally too small, and then only when b = 1; by increasing the approximation by adding 0.3678, in line with bound (22) the approximation never seems to be ... be conservative, but may be a little too large (This estimate is based on plugging equation (12) instead of equation (14) into equation (21), after adding to ensure that the estimate is conservative,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... for statistical machine translation In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions, ACL ’07, pages 177–180, Stroudsburg, PA, USA Association ... mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation Computational Linguistics, 19:263–311 Woosung Kim 2005 Language Model Adaptation for Automatic Speech Recognition and Statistical ... Vogel 2004 Language model adaptation for statistical machine translation with structured query models In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING ’04,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... when restricting the search to either of these constraints source positions Figure 1: Illustration of monotone and inverted concatenation of two consecutive blocks the parse trees of the simple ... colored white (monotone order) is a possible representation of this permutation To obtain a unique representation, we pose an additional constraint on the binary trees: if the right son of a node ... permutations, that satisfy the chosen constraints First, we will consider the ITG constraints Afterwards, we will describe the IBM constraints 2.1 ITG Constraints Let us now consider the ITG constraints...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... Model Training Scheme for Anomaly Intrusion Detection of Server Applications Based on System Calls," in IEEE International Conference on Network–IEEE ICON2004, Vol.2, Singapore, November (2004) ... calls Section IV presents some experimental results and discussion Section V is our conclusion Fuzzy logic Fuzzy logic is an extension of Boolean logic, which specifically deals with the concept ... detection systems, based on fuzzy inference, can combine inputs from multiple sources, which leads to better detection performance [1] Although the application of fuzzy inference in anomaly intrusion...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20