standardization of autoantibody testing in systemic rheumatic diseases

... leading to prolonged production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β MMP-3 and MMP-1 production, causing joint destruction NF-kB, leading to increased production of ... development of in ammatory T cells, including the T helper (Th)17 and Th1 cell subset [37] Divekar and colleagues have investigated the in uence of miR-155 on Treg cells in a mouse model (MRL/lpr) of systemic ... production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β [3,55] (B) miR-124a is down-regulated in synoviocytes from RA patients Its target proteins, CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:21

... signaling pathways involved in the control of the IL-1/IL-1Ra balance in human monocytes, in so far as inhibition of phosphatidylinositide kinase delta markedly decreases IL-1 while increasing ... the main problem is in fact the inhibition of repair activity Any type of chronic joint inflammation, whether infectious, inflammatory, or autoimmune, will result in joint destruction within months ... transducer and activator of transcription (b) Uncoupling of signaling: monocytes chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 signal upon CCR2 binding In the presence of IL-10, binding of MCP-1/CCL2 to CCR2...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... the various types of inflammatory rheumatic diseases Differences in type of stressor, rheumatic disease and (time points of) outcome measures Findings of this review should be interpreted with ... Cytokine levels were not influenced by psychosocial stress, with the exception of an increase in IL-4 in patients with SLE, an increase in TNF-α in patients with RA, and inconsistent findings ... patients with myofascial pain, , NE = norepinephrine, EPI = epinephrine Page 10 of 24 Table 3: Neuroendocrine function in patients with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases Parameter ACTH Studies...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 12:20

... positive proteinuria had no past history of renal diseases before the onset of RA Further, the use of antirheumatic drugs, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic ... to play central roles in reabsorption of proteins and endocytosis More than 30 ligands for LRP2 have been reported so far, including vitamin-binding proteins, apolipoproteins, hormones, and other ... 3+ in two of the eight proteinuria-positive patients with RA Results Expression of the recombinant LRP2 molecules R176 To investigate autoepitopes of LRP2, we prepared recombinant LRP2 proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... dephosphorylates the inhibitory tyrosine of Lck [54] Pep cooperatively inhibits TCR signaling by binding Csk and this association in turn is mediated by a proline-rich sequence in the C-terminal region of Pep ... some of the observed signaling phenomena reflect the influence of a characteristic inflammatory milieu rather than a cell-intrinsic genetic program Interestingly, expression levels of TCRζ chain ... the wiring of TCR signaling machinery and another to the etiology of rheumatic disease One can a priori engineer hyper-responsive TCR signaling by generating either a hypermorphic allele of a positive...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... ‘cartilage’ and ‘tissue engineering’ or ‘bone’ and ‘tissue engineering’ were in 1991, accounting for 22% of all ‘tissue engineering’ and ‘regenerative medicine’ entries Since that year, both values ... of T lymphocytes and modulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines Thus, in vivo models indicated the protective activity and allogeneic use of MSCs for tissue engineering in AD Moderating ... phosphate block in the treatment of rabbit osteochondral defects Tissue Eng 2005, 11:331-339 44 Ringe J, Häupl T, Sittinger M: Future of tissue engineering in rheumatic diseases Expert Opin Biol Ther...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... Index and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American Collage of Rheumatology Damage Indexes at the beginning of the study were evaluated [18,19] A complete blood count, including ... speculating that the binding of CMV DNA to TLR9 may interfere in the TLR7-dependent anti-snRNP autoantibody production Our findings suggest the potential role of CMV in regulation of autoantibodies ... antibodies in a mouse model [14,15] Human vaccination of a live attenuated Towne vaccine, a recombinant CMV glycoprotein B vaccine or a glycoprotein B canarypox vectored vaccine (ALVAC-CMVgB) administered...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... achieving acceptance of lifestyle changes and medications Progress will only be made as basic science brings an understanding of the mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE and as clinical ... changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy A study of 36 necropsy patients Am J Med 1975, 58: 243-264 Kong TQ, Kellum RE, Haserick JR: Clinical diagnosis of cardiac involvement in systemic lupus ... study of 65 patients treated with prednisolone Jpn J Med 1989, 28:599-603 Haider YS, Roberts WC: Coronary arterial disease in systemic lupus erythematosus; quantification of degrees of narrowing in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... suggest their involvement in endothelial dysfunction and a pathogenic role of AECA in SLE [30-34] Interestingly, some in vitro and in vivo reports have demonstrated an increased expression of adhesion ... findings Despite an overall impressive amount of investigations, the pathogenesis of NPSLE is poorly understood Although a direct pathogenic role of autoantibodies in NPSLE through induction of ... scleroderma patients induce leukocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells in vitro Induction of adhesion molecule expression and involvement of endothelium-derived cytokines J Clin Invest 1996,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... skin Cryosecskin tions of (a,b) normal skin are compared with (c-f) dcSSc skin In normal skin, immunostaining for LOX was detected in epidermal cells ((a) arrow) In dcSSc skin, immunostaining ... observed in the immediR1116 Detection of myofibroblasts in dcSSc skin Cryosections from (a) norskin mal and (b-f) dcSSc skin were stained with an antibody against αSMA In normal skin, α-SMA staining ... four-fold elevation of creatinine kinase accompanied by the clinical finding of proximal weakness defined muscular involvement, whilst renal involvement was determined by history of scleroderma renal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... classification of systemic lupus erythematosus Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:1725 23 Schildkraut JM: Examining complex genetic interactions In Approach to Gene Mapping in Complex Human Diseases Edited by: Haines ... accelerated nephritis and increased mortality in the absence of high levels of autoantibodies [25] STAT4 has been shown to be involved in the induction of IFNγ, differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, ... background of SLE may be greater in the Japanese population than in Americans of European descent Competing interests RRG, GH, and TWB are employees of and hold stocks or shares in Genentech, Inc (South...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... efficient in modulating skin immune response in psoriasis [9] In addition, vitamin D may play an important role in the maintenance of B cell homeostasis and the correction of vitamin D deficiency ... autoimmune rheumatic diseases Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests References Vitamin D3 produces biological responses as a consequence of its metabolism into ... pathway [2] In addition, two types of cells are induced by 1,25(OH)2D3, the T regulatory cells (Tregs) and the natural killer T cells; induction of these regulatory cells and direct inhibition of Th1...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Trichotomy Dichotomy Continuous Continuous Dichotomy Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Dichotomy Continuous ... development of pooled indices in RA is an outstanding example of this Many developments in outcome measurement of rheumatic diseases started in RA and have been applied to other rheumatic diseases ... change in the measure, the percentage of patients below a cut-off point, time-to-reach that cut-off point, the number of visits below a cut-off point, and so on Dichotomous or continuous endpoints?...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... risk of serious infectious complications The inclusion in some studies of patients with both minor and major infections [3,6,9] complicates the interpretation of results The introduction of ever ... SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index aTwo patients were taking combined treatment with azathioprine ... data since 1973 have been included in the database Patients on active follow-up give informed consent to include their data in our records The time of inclusion in the cohort was the point when...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... for each of the two tests in baseline period Dissemination of guidelines alone rarely brings about improvements in clinical practice [2], and even an multifaceted implementation of guidelines may ... on INR Due to the seriousness of producing a wrong INR analysis result, it was demanded that both arms should have an intervention involving prompting, because any prompting most likely would increase ... postal reminder letters during each four-month followup round The contents of the reminder are presented in Figure Page of Power calculation We used an estimate of a mean number of 1.5 INR split...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Diseases Pathology of In ammation, Common Findings Ultrasonic Findings Organ-related Ultrasonic Findings ... the German Copyright Law Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, ... will be of especially great value in the teaching of health professionals in those parts of the world where ultrasound is just beginning to be incorporated into patient care This book has had...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... by ultrasound in the beginning, that is, the course of the infection The regression of the sonographic findings can be demonstrated, indicating the healing as well as the occurrence of complications, ... settings again if findings are questionable – repeat the examination within a short time in clinically difficult situations 1.4 Interventional Ultrasound In principle, all percutaneous punctures in body ... the infection by emptying the pus or by inserting a drain in the same way The special problem of parasites, especially hydatid cysts, must be taken into consideration in this connection, in order...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... Ultrasonic Findings 29 2.3.1.4 Pathologic Findings Lymph nodes are nearly always involved in inflammatory diseases, either directly by the infectious organism or by draining a local in ammatory ... diseases, is described only in tuberculous lymph nodes as well as displacements of vessels 30 Typical Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Diseases The resistance index (RI) in inflammatory nodes is ... Pathologic Findings Based on its function, the spleen is commonly involved in infectious and parasitic diseases (Table 2.2) Two sonographic symptoms of in ammatory or infectious diseases can...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... with acoustic shadows indicate stones in the duct 48 Typical Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Diseases a complication of a parasitic disease of the liver, e.g., of echinococcosis (see Chap ... Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Diseases Table 2.5 Major tropical diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract Stomach: Schistosomiasis Ascariasis Anisakiasis Strongyloidiasis Fungal diseases ... dilated in simple diarrhea, the dilatation combined with hyperperistalsis is typical of the spastic type of obstruction (Fig 2.52) In paralytic bowel 54 Typical Sonographic Findings in Inflammatory Diseases...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... by thickening and disappearance of the sonographic signs of the intestinal walls of the small intestine and colon: a typical finding in OI Fig 3.19 Oblique scan passing through the left inferior ... localization in the gastrointestinal apparatus was the cause of death in 8–10% of cases, with an autopsy incidence of 15% and an incidence of 4–28%, second only to localizations in the bone marrow ... frequent cause of admission, with difficulty of diagnosis in 10–20% of patients with HIV/AIDS; OIs are responsible in 80–90% of cases and lymphomas in 4–10%; the cause remains unknown in 5–8% of cases...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22