sql s wrapped and unwrapped results

... have special case of s1 s2 /2 if s1 < s2 and for t s1 , r s2 , and s s1 s2 /2 3.28 for t s1 , s s2 , and r if s2 < s1 Similarly by setting m in 3.36 , we have special case of 3.29 for r s1 , s s1 ... special case of s1 s2 /2 if s1 < s2 and for t s1 , r s2 , and s s1 s2 /2 if 3.39 for t s1 , s s2 , r s2 < s1 Similarly by setting m in 3.44 , we have special case of 3.40 for r s1 , s s2 , s1 ... s2 /2 if s2 < s1 and t s1 s2 /2 if s1 < s2 and for r s2 , s s1 , and t Acknowledgments The research of the first and second authors was funded by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan The research...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... executing SQL, PL /SQL and SQL* Plus statements and commands at the SQL> prompt Starting and Stopping the iSQL*Plus Application Server The iSQL*Plus Application Server is started during Oracle Database ... installation It must be running to enable web-based iSQL*Plus sessions See Starting the iSQL*Plus Application Server on page 4-11 Starting iSQL*Plus To start an iSQL*Plus session Enter the iSQL*Plus ... in SQL* Plus and iSQL*Plus 10.1 SQL* Plus Release 10.1 is a superset of SQL* Plus 9.2 This section describes new features introduced in SQL* Plus Release 10.1 Change in DESCRIBE Behavior Previously,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... process PL /SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL /SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can ... Advantages of PL /SQL Figure 1–5 PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL RPC Oracle with PL /SQL Oracle with PL /SQL ... PL /SQL programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL /SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user-defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 09:20

... PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle Database with PL /SQL RPC Oracle Database with PL /SQL and Stored ... parameters, privileges, datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL* Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, usernames, ... and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user-supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 08:20

... Commands You can use SQL* Plus commands to manipulate SQL commands and PL /SQL blocks and to format and print query results SQL* Plus treats SQL* Plus commands differently than SQL commands or PL /SQL ... does not store SQL* Plus commands in the SQL buffer Understanding SQL* Plus Command Syntax SQL* Plus commands have a different syntax from SQL commands or PL /SQL blocks Continuing a Long SQL* Plus ... tools such as PL /SQL Next, SQL* Plus displays the SQL* Plus command prompt: SQL> The command prompt indicates that SQL* Plus is ready to accept your commands If SQL* Plus does not start, you should see...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... produce the 21 syntheses and assessment reports was about the same as the cost of the last national assessment Therefore, a national assessment should be within the scope of existing agency funding ... 21 synthesis and assessment reports on a range of topics and an overarching synthesis Although useful, the collection does not add up to a comprehensive national assessment A new assessment will ... Progress in communicating CCSP results and engaging stakeholders is inadequate • The separation of leadership and budget authority presents a serious obstacle to progress in the CCSP This is the second...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... identifiers, user-supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units, and parameter values Enter sqlplus to start SQL* Plus UPPERCASE monospace ... Database PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Advantages of PL /SQL Figure 1–1 PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END ... as lexical units, scalar datatypes, user-defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, block structure, declarations, and scope Chapter 3, "PL /SQL Datatypes" Discusses PL /SQL' s...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 22:20

... combination of lectures, discussions, individual and group exercises, and self-assessments of leadership competencies The topics included: ▪ Concepts of leadership and the MSH Leading and Managing Framework ... survey Discussion MSH staff and provincial facilitators visited each health unit at least monthly after the first workshop to support the participants and assess progress The MSH philosophy of developing ... and MSH The Challenges Program used simple management and leadership tools to assist the health units and their communities to address health service challenges in family planning, maternal and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... process PL /SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL /SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can ... programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL /SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user-defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, ... detect and handle errors using PL /SQL exceptions Chapter 7, "Subprograms" This chapter shows you how to write and use subprograms It discusses procedures, functions, forward declarations, actual and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... Get system time as seconds past midnight */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO start_time FROM sys.dual; something /* Get system time again */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO finish_time ... Expressions PL /SQL lets you compare variables and constants in both SQL and procedural statements These comparisons, called Boolean expressions, consist of simple or complex expressions separated ... Subtypes Each PL /SQL base type specifies a set of values and a set of operations applicable to items of that type Subtypes specify the same set of operations as their base type but only a subset...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... acid_test (figs FiguresRec) RETURN REAL IS BEGIN SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub1_figs FROM assets, liabilities WHERE assets.sub = AND liabilities.sub = 1; SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub2_figs FROM assets, ... also learn how to manage cursors, use cursor variables, and process transactions Major Topics SQL Support Managing Cursors Packaging Cursors Using Cursor FOR Loops Using Cursor Variables Using ... ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT undoes part of a transaction SET TRANSACTION sets transaction properties such as read/write access and isolation level 5-2 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference SQL Support SQL Functions...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... and dynamic_string is a string expression that represents a multi-row query Note: This section discusses the static SQL case, in which select_statement is used For the dynamic SQL case, in which ... continues, Oracle takes snapshots of the table s data and records changes in a rollback segment Oracle uses rollback segments to build read-consistent query results and to undo changes if necessary ... called sessions A user session is started when you run an application program or an Oracle tool and connect to Oracle To allow user sessions to work "simultaneously" and share computer resources,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... never shared with slave sessions Each slave session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables ... transaction control statements (such as COMMIT), session control statements (such as SET ROLE), or system control statements (such as ALTER SYSTEM) Also, it cannot execute DDL statements (such as ... returns the message user-defined exception unless you pass +100, in which case SQLERRM returns the message no data found Passing a zero to SQLERRM always returns the message normal, successful...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... RESTRICT_REFERENCES (DEFAULT, RNDS,WNDS,RNPS,WNPS) ); PL /SQL does not allow the overloading of operators So, you must define methods named plus(), less() (the word minus is reserved), times(), and ... persons to homes and between persons model real-world relationships You can declare refs as variables, parameters, fields, or attributes And, you can use refs as input or output variables in SQL ... 8-8 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Some Examples Some Examples Consider the package below named emp_actions The package spec declares the following types, items, and subprograms: s types EmpRecTyp...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... include procedural statements such as RAISE, SQL statements such as UPDATE, and PL /SQL blocks (sometimes called "block statements") PL /SQL statements are free format That is, they can continue ... consists of a single variable For the syntax of expression, see "Expressions" on page 11-67 When the assignment statement is executed, the expression is evaluated and the resulting value is stored ... pass the names of schema objects to a dynamic SQL statement Instead, you must embed parameters in the dynamic string, then pass the names of schema objects to those parameters Native Dynamic SQL...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables Otherwise, results might vary across sessions ... PL /SQL evaluates the parenthesized expression first, then uses the result in the larger expression When parenthesized expressions are nested, PL /SQL evaluates the innermost expression first and ... 11-52 sql_ expression This is any expression valid in SQL For more information, see Oracle8i SQL Reference subquery This is a SELECT statement that provides a set of rows for processing Its syntax...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... characters in the PL /SQL character set: letters, numerals, spaces, and special symbols PL /SQL is case sensitive within character literals So, for example, PL /SQL considers the literals ’Q’ and ’q’ ... applications; it declares the types, variables, constants, exceptions, cursors, and subprograms available for use The body fully defines cursors and subprograms, and so implements the spec Only subprograms ... Otherwise, PL /SQL raises an exception Related Topics Collections, Cursors, Exceptions, Functions, Procedures, Records 11-132 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Procedures Procedures A procedure is...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... inv.item_name); sql_ expression This is any valid SQL expression For more information, see Oracle8i SQL Reference subquery This is a SELECT statement that provides a set of rows for processing Its syntax is ... Resolution D-9 Calling Subprograms and Methods s Row expressions must resolve as references to table aliases You can pass row expressions to operators REF and VALUE, and you can use row expressions ... PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference E PL /SQL Program Limits PL /SQL is designed primarily for high-speed transaction processing That design imposes some program limits, which are discussed in this...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle Database with PL /SQL RPC Oracle Database with PL /SQL and Stored ... parameters, privileges, datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL* Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, usernames, ... and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user-supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21

... TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SSSSS') INTO start_time FROM sys.dual; something /* Get system time again */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SSSSS') INTO finish_time FROM sys.dual; /* Compute elapsed time in seconds */ ... conversions, see "PL /SQL Character and String Types" on page 3-4 2-22 PL /SQL User 's Guide and Reference PL /SQL Expressions and Comparisons Boolean Date Expressions You can also compare dates Comparisons ... constants in both SQL and procedural statements These comparisons, called Boolean expressions, consist of simple or complex Fundamentals of the PL /SQL Language 2-21 PL /SQL Expressions and Comparisons...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21