sql plus user apos s guide and reference

... topics: What is SQL* Plus SQL* Plus Command-line and Windows GUI Architecture iSQL *Plus Architecture SQL* Plus Installation Who Can Use SQL* Plus How Can I Learn SQL* Plus How to Use the SQL* Plus Guide Oracle ... Overview 1-3 SQL* Plus Installation SQL* Plus Installation SQL* Plus is a component of Oracle Database SQL* Plus, and its command-line user interface, Windows GUI, and iSQL *Plus web-based user interface ... EMPLOYEES 1-4 SQL* Plus User s Guide and Reference Oracle Database Sample Schemas and SQL* Plus How Can I Learn SQL* Plus There are several sources available to assist you to learn SQL* Plus: Part...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... instruction you give SQL* Plus or Oracle Query results formatted by you through SQL* Plus commands SQL* Plus User s Guide and Reference Overview of SQL* Plus Who Can Use SQL* Plus The SQL* Plus, SQL, ... Commands You can use SQL* Plus commands to manipulate SQL commands and PL /SQL blocks and to format and print query results SQL* Plus treats SQL* Plus commands differently than SQL commands or PL /SQL ... does not store SQL* Plus commands in the SQL buffer Understanding SQL* Plus Command Syntax SQL* Plus commands have a different syntax from SQL commands or PL /SQL blocks Continuing a Long SQL* Plus...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... process PL /SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL /SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can ... Advantages of PL /SQL Figure 1–5 PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL RPC Oracle with PL /SQL Oracle with PL /SQL ... PL /SQL programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL /SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 09:20

... PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle Database with PL /SQL RPC Oracle Database with PL /SQL and Stored ... 1-4 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference Understanding the Main Features of PL /SQL Variables and Constants PL /SQL lets you declare constants and variables, then use them in SQL and procedural statements ... the Oracle database server processes PL /SQL blocks and subprograms Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can be submitted to interactive tools such as SQL* Plus and Enterprise Manager, or embedded...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 08:20

... identifiers, user- supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units, and parameter values Enter sqlplus to start SQL* Plus UPPERCASE monospace ... Database PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Advantages of PL /SQL Figure 1–1 PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END ... as lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, block structure, declarations, and scope Chapter 3, "PL /SQL Datatypes" Discusses PL /SQL' s...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 22:20

... process PL /SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL /SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can ... programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL /SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, ... hiding PL /SQL also offers seamless SQL access, tight integration with the Oracle server and tools, portability, and security This guide explains all the concepts behind PL /SQL and illustrates every...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... Get system time as seconds past midnight */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO start_time FROM sys.dual; something /* Get system time again */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO finish_time ... Expressions PL /SQL lets you compare variables and constants in both SQL and procedural statements These comparisons, called Boolean expressions, consist of simple or complex expressions separated ... NLS_CHARSET_ID NLS_CHARSET_NAME NVL SYS_CONTEXT SYS_GUID UID USER USERENV VSIZE Fundamentals 2-53 Built-In Functions 2-54 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Control Structures One ship drives east and another...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT undoes part of a transaction SET TRANSACTION sets transaction properties such as read/write access and isolation level 5-2 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference SQL Support SQL Functions ... also learn how to manage cursors, use cursor variables, and process transactions Major Topics SQL Support Managing Cursors Packaging Cursors Using Cursor FOR Loops Using Cursor Variables Using ... acid_test (figs FiguresRec) RETURN REAL IS BEGIN SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub1_figs FROM assets, liabilities WHERE assets.sub = AND liabilities.sub = 1; SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub2_figs FROM assets,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... and dynamic_string is a string expression that represents a multi-row query Note: This section discusses the static SQL case, in which select_statement is used For the dynamic SQL case, in which ... called sessions A user session is started when you run an application program or an Oracle tool and connect to Oracle To allow user sessions to work "simultaneously" and share computer resources, ... RELEASE parameter, as follows: EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK RELEASE; 5-46 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Processing Transactions Using SET TRANSACTION You use the SET TRANSACTION statement to begin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... own sales tables Figure 7–3 Invoker-Rights Solution Schema WEST Schema HQ Schema EAST analyze (IR) sales 7-30 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference sales Invoker Rights versus Definer Rights To restrict ... manipulation statements SQL statements parsed using DBMS _SQL. PARSE() PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Invoker Rights versus Definer Rights For all other statements, the privileges of the owner ... never shared with slave sessions Each slave session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... 8-8 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Some Examples Some Examples Consider the package below named emp_actions The package spec declares the following types, items, and subprograms: s types EmpRecTyp ... RESTRICT_REFERENCES (DEFAULT, RNDS,WNDS,RNPS,WNPS) ); PL /SQL does not allow the overloading of operators So, you must define methods named plus( ), less() (the word minus is reserved), times(), and ... PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Components of an Object Type PL /SQL uses the ordering to evaluate Boolean expressions such as x > y, and to comparisons implied by the DISTINCT, GROUP BY, and ORDER...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... ’BOSTON’; comm_tab(5) := sales * 0.15; Related Topics Constants and Variables, Expressions, SELECT INTO Statement 11-6 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION Pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION ... include procedural statements such as RAISE, SQL statements such as UPDATE, and PL /SQL blocks (sometimes called "block statements") PL /SQL statements are free format That is, they can continue ... tables 11-20 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Collection Methods FIRST, LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (smallest and largest) index numbers in a collection If the collection is empty,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference exits both loops Expressions Expressions An expression is an arbitrarily complex combination of variables, constants, literals, operators, and function calls ... PL /SQL evaluates the parenthesized expression first, then uses the result in the larger expression When parenthesized expressions are nested, PL /SQL evaluates the innermost expression first and ... session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables Otherwise, results might vary across sessions...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... characters in the PL /SQL character set: letters, numerals, spaces, and special symbols PL /SQL is case sensitive within character literals So, for example, PL /SQL considers the literals ’Q’ and ’q’ ... applications; it declares the types, variables, constants, exceptions, cursors, and subprograms available for use The body fully defines cursors and subprograms, and so implements the spec Only subprograms ... Otherwise, PL /SQL raises an exception Related Topics Collections, Cursors, Exceptions, Functions, Procedures, Records 11-132 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference Procedures Procedures A procedure is...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference E PL /SQL Program Limits PL /SQL is designed primarily for high-speed transaction processing That design imposes some program limits, which are discussed in this ... end-users Wrap Utility C-5 Guidelines C-6 PL /SQL User s Guide and Reference D Name Resolution This appendix explains how PL /SQL resolves references to names in potentially ambiguous SQL and procedural ... Resolution D-9 Calling Subprograms and Methods s Row expressions must resolve as references to table aliases You can pass row expressions to operators REF and VALUE, and you can use row expressions...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... PL /SQL Boosts Performance SQL SQL Application Other DBMSs SQL SQL Application Application SQL IF THEN SQL ELSE SQL END IF; SQL Oracle Database with PL /SQL RPC Oracle Database with PL /SQL and Stored ... 1-4 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference Understanding the Main Features of PL /SQL Variables and Constants PL /SQL lets you declare constants and variables, then use them in SQL and procedural statements ... the Oracle database server processes PL /SQL blocks and subprograms Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL /SQL blocks can be submitted to interactive tools such as SQL* Plus and Enterprise Manager, or embedded...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21

... conversions, see "PL /SQL Character and String Types" on page 3-4 2-22 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference PL /SQL Expressions and Comparisons Boolean Date Expressions You can also compare dates Comparisons ... conditions instead of comparing a single expression to various values It has the form: CASE 2-24 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference PL /SQL Expressions and Comparisons WHEN WHEN WHEN [ELSE END; search_condition1 ... TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SSSSS') INTO start_time FROM sys.dual; something /* Get system time again */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'SSSSS') INTO finish_time FROM sys.dual; /* Compute elapsed time in seconds */...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21

... Operators PL /SQL lets you use all the SQL comparison, set, and row operators in SQL statements This section briefly describes some of these operators For more information, see Oracle Database SQL Reference ... create SQL types whose definitions correspond to PL /SQL nested tables and varrays: SQL> CREATE TYPE CourseList AS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(64); Using PL /SQL Collections and Records 5-17 Using PL /SQL Collections ... compute subscripts to process specific elements in memory, and use SQL to store the results in database tables Example 5–25 Creating a SQL Type Corresponding to a PL /SQL Nested Table In SQL* Plus, you...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21

... the slave sessions of parallel DML evaluations The state of a main (logon) session is never shared with slave sessions Each slave session has its own state, which is initialized when the session ... with Cursor Subqueries You can use cursor subqueries, also know as cursor expressions, to pass sets of rows as parameters to functions For example, this statement passes a parameter to the StockPivot ... Packages" 8-2 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference Understanding PL /SQL Functions Understanding PL /SQL Procedures A procedure is a subprogram that performs a specific action You write procedures using...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21

... to SQLERRM always returns the message normal, successful completion 10-14 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference Tips for Handling PL /SQL Errors You cannot use SQLCODE or SQLERRM directly in a SQL statement ... you use the SQL* Plus SHOW ERRORS command or query the USER_ ERRORS data dictionary view PL /SQL warning messages all use the prefix PLW 10-18 PL /SQL User' s Guide and Reference Overview of PL /SQL ... message is 512 characters including the error code, nested messages, and message inserts such as table and column names If no exception has been raised, SQLCODE returns zero and SQLERRM returns...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 20:21