spiking neurons and learning algorithms

... Øistein Andersen and the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments References Yigal Attali and Jill Burstein 2006 Automated essay scoring with e-rater v.2 Journal of Technology, Learning, and ... 133–142 ACM T.K Landauer and P.W Foltz 1998 An introduction to latent semantic analysis Discourse processes, pages 259–284 T.K Landauer, D Laham, and P.W Foltz 2003 Automated scoring and annotation ... system, we calculate the average correlation between the CLC and the examiners’ scores, and find an upper bound of 0.796 and 0.792 Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation respectively In order to evaluate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... to handle the third dimension if necessary means of the following two equations: Xk = g Xk−1 , uk , (2a) Yk = h Xk , vk , (2b) where g(·) and h(·) are possibly nonlinear functions, and uk and ... PR = P R /NP and PS = P S /NP , where P R and P S are the prior probabilities of each method, respectively, and have been optimised on the basis of practical tests as P R = 0.01 and P S = 0.25 ... International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP ’02), vol 2, pp 1777– 1780, Orlando, Fla, USA, May 2002 [5] J DiBiase, H Silverman, and M Brandstein, “Robust localization in reverberant...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... ∀A ∈ B(X), B ∈ B(Y) (1) Let X : (Ω, F ) → (X, B(X)) and Y : (Ω, F ) → (Y, B(Y)) be two random variables and µ and ν two measures on (X, B(X)) and (Y, B(Y)), respectively Assume that the probability ... filtered mean and covariance µt ([Λ(k,t) ]) and Γt ([Λ(k,t) ]) using (36) and (37), respectively Remark From the trajectories and the computed weights it is possible to evaluate, for any δ ≥ and t ≥ ... detector, and the MKF detector with estimation delays δ = and δ = and resampling thresholds β = 0.1 and β = (systematic resampling) The number of particles for both the GS receiver and the MKF...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... arteriosclerosis, central nervous system damage and the inhibition of growth in human and animals [2] Cadmium accumulates in milk, eggs and meat, and its concentration in the tissues is proportional ... diseases (Mad Cow Disease and Foot and Mouth Disease) has threatened the agricultural industry of many countries Animal feed has become a concern in animal health, and the safety of products ... Umuarama 3.1 27 Umuarama 1.84 28 J andaia Sul 2.5 29 J andaia Sul 4.2 30 Maringá 2.5 31 Londrina 5.4 32 Londrina 7.1 33 Londrina 5.8 34 Maringá 2.0 35 Colombo 3.0 36 Catanduvas 5.2 Detection of Cadmium...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... and Hansard, S L Contaminating elements in mineral supplements and their potential toxicity: a review J Anim Sci 1977, 44, 485-508 Annual Book of Astm Standards American society for testing and ... 1992 Campos Neto, O and Marçal, W S Os fosfatos na nutrição mineral de ruminantes Revista dos Criadores, São Paulo 1996, 793, 8-10 Eaton, A D., Clesceri, L S and Greenberg, A E Standard methods for ... conquests of new horizons, attempting to increase its bovine population of 154, 440, 803 [8,11], and keen to expand its business with partners in the South American Economic Community Analysis of results...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 17:22

... Versuchsanstalt Band 88 J.D Sauerlander’s Verlag Frankfurt am Main, 118 p Lundgren B (1978) Soil conditions and nutrients cycling under natural and plantation forests in Tanzania highlands Reports ... timber and pulp qualities (Tamolang and Wangaard, 1961; Dinwoodie, 1965) a lot have been conducted, few studies on hardwoods have been carried out, for example, by Burleyet al (1970), Kandeel ... the precision and the number of samples for each property studied were then developed To develop the curves for the number of samples at a position, the arithmetric mean and standard deviation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... led to more candidates for selection Male and female selection intensities (i! and iy) and generation intervals (L and L are shown in « ) Q table V The rate of inbreeding (per year and per generation) ... collection (Land and Hill, 1975; Nicholas and Smith, 1983; Juga and Maki-Tanila, 1987; Gearheart et al, 1989; Keller et al, 1990; Meuwissen, 1991; Ruane and Thompson, 1991; Toro et al, 1991; Bondoc and ... Thompson and a referee for their valuable suggestions This work was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Milk Marketing Board of England and Wales and the Meat and Livestock...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... same house and flock Materials and methods Chicken flocks The Danish Veterinary Institute receives all Salmonella samples submitted under the Danish Salmonella Control Programme for parent and table-egg ... agreement is calculated and corrected for, this would only be appropriate and relevant under the conditions of statistical independence – which is clearly not the case Landis & Koch ( 1977) suggest ... and proportion of specific agreement P+ and P- are important descriptive statistics P0 is the proportion of samples for which the sample types agree (it does not distinguish between positive and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... Associate All patterns points - B m Calculate Grading ñ nh y t ñ ng 8.2.10.) Insert Increment X and Y: cho phép t o công th c nh y tăng d n theo tr c X/Y ñi m ñư c ch n - G i r p t Modaris thông...

Ngày tải lên: 16/08/2013, 08:33

... Oxford-UCLES system (Pulman and Sukkarieh, 2005) compares several machine learning techniques, including inductive logic programming, decision tree learning, and Bayesian learning, to the earlier ... over the tf*idf baseline and 0.10 over the LSA BNC model that has been used in the past In future work, we intend to expand our analysis of both the gold-standard answer and the student answers ... Landauer and S.T Dumais 1997 A solution to plato’s problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge Psychological Review, 104 C Leacock and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... sylvestris L.) and grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.) stands (Aussenac, 1970) These gradients seem to be steeper in young conifer stands, with homogeneous circular crowns, than in mature stands characterised ... throughfall and stemflow in a forest in highland Scotland and the comparison with other upland forests in the U.K.’ J Hydrology 118, 281–287 Johnson, D W., Richter, D D., Lovett, G M and Lindberg, ... applied by Czarnowski and Olszewski (1970), Kimmins (1973), Puckett (1991), Lawrence and Fernandez (1993) Czarnowski and Olszewski (1970) found that for an old-growth oak stand, 30 gauges could...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:20

... several AL algorithms, including those already considered in the learning curves of Figure (except LS) Restricting the discussion to the random baseline, QBC, and QBU: for low accuracies, random selection ... consider some basic AL algorithms evaluated using several simple cost metrics The results are presented against a random baseline which selects sentences at random; the learning curves represent ... cost-effective at around 91%; and QBC begins to outperform the baseline and QBU around 80% Normalized Methods One approach to convert existing AL algorithms into cost-conscious algorithms is to normalize...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

... and digested with EcoRV for 1.5 hrs at 37°C Unique bands generated by this restriction enzyme facilitate identification of single infections with EACMV and ACMV (lanes 1–3 and respectively) and ... generating the knowledge and improved germplasm required by scientists, breeders and farmers to combat these diseases and maximize crop yields Effective methods for sampling, storage and retrieval of ... from the pressed area and washing with simple reagents RNA and smaller DNA molecules, such as plasmids and viral genomic components, are eluted by a simple extraction buffer and used as template...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... and digested with EcoRV for 1.5 hrs at 37°C Unique bands generated by this restriction enzyme facilitate identification of single infections with EACMV and ACMV (lanes 1–3 and respectively) and ... generating the knowledge and improved germplasm required by scientists, breeders and farmers to combat these diseases and maximize crop yields Effective methods for sampling, storage and retrieval of ... from the pressed area and washing with simple reagents RNA and smaller DNA molecules, such as plasmids and viral genomic components, are eluted by a simple extraction buffer and used as template...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... formulae hold: (8) of ω and t because the coefficients in matrix H depend on ω and the right-hand side depends on t Functions Hi (ω) are on the one hand general, but on the other hand they cannot be ... ((5), (10), and (11)) can be proven in a similar way as published in [1] If we assume that k0 = and put it into (1), then we obtain ωL = It means that the bandpass function turns into the band-limited ... − si i=1 j =i+1 · m−1 m D= i=1 and in using of Vandermonde’s rule DV = Finally, we assume that determinant Δ in (14) is expanded according to the intermediate band of X2 , S2 using the Laplace...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... log n) mixing time of their dynamics for the same range of λ for all graphs Dyer and Greenhill [3] and Randall and Tetali [6] show that bounds on the mixing time of this modified dynamics imply ... (2001), #R8 [3] M E Dyer and C Greenhill On Markov chains for independent sets Journal of Algorithms, 35(1):17–49, 2000 [4] H O Georgii, O H¨ggstr¨m, and C Maes The random geometry of equilibrium ... Domb and J Lebowitz, editors, Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena Academic Press, to appear [5] M Luby and E Vigoda Fast convergence of the Glauber dynamics for sampling independent sets Random...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... evaluation of conversion effects in pure coniferous stands in the test regions “Middle and Eastern Ore Mountains” and “Lowlands” [8] The Middle and Eastern Ore Mountains are representing sub-mountainous ... the stem” represents a restriction for random sampling of trees and limits the applicability of the photo method in (a) extremely dense stands and (b) in stands with extremely low crown base In ... between measured and estimated values of diameter and height, which were comparable to Dehn et al [5], where the authors appraised a maximum height error of cm (standard deviation) and a maximum...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... Spearman rank test There were significant correlations between CRP and YKL-40, between pyridinoline and MMP-3, and between YKL-40 and MMP-3 C-reactive protein (CRP) CRP was assayed by latex photometric ... width and biochemical markers between patients with and without GOA The joint space width did not differ between GOA and non-GOA CRP (P = 0.043), pyridinoline (P = 0.046), YKL-40 (P < 0.0001) and ... cartilage and bone, and belongs to the former group MMPs and TIMP are proteolytic enzymes that belong to the latter group [11] We not know which group YKL-40 belongs to, because the function and origin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... Projection of breeds on axes and 2, B) Projection of breeds on axes and of the inertia and separates the Morucha, Tudanca, and Bruna block from the Gasconne, Salers, Aubrac and Pirenaica (excluding ... alleles are INRA 032 (170 bp) which contributes 17% in Axis and 9% in Axis 2, and ETH (109 bp) which contributes 8% and 6% in Axis and 2, respectively Allele INRA 032 (170 bp) is a nearly unique ... Gasconne and Salers (4% and 1%, respectively) Although this allele appeared in only 9% of the entire breed population studied, allele ETH (109 bp) can be closely associated with the Alistana and Mirandesa...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21