spectrum of brain injury severity

... prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury, part 1: Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury J Neurotrauma 2000;17:451-533 Piek J Decompressive surgery in the treatment of traumatic ... EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults European Brain Injury Consortium Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139:286-294 The Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons ... authors.11, 26 The temporary removal of a piece of skull followed by loose closure of the dura and skin layers presumably allows for expansion of the edematous brain into a durotomy “bag” under...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... conditions of brain function the patient may deny the paralysis of an arm whether it results from a fracture, an injury to the brachial plexus, a brain stem or cortical lesion The effect of the brain ... review of the concept of consciousness in contemporary science It provided an in-depth theoretical analysis of the uses of the term consciousness, its 14 AWARENESS OF DEFICIT AFTER BRAIN INJURY ... left -brain- damaged patients, language disorders may 22 AWARENESS OF DEFICIT AFTER BRAIN INJURY conceal unawareness of disease much more effectively than symptoms of neglect Although an overview of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 09:45

... sample consisted of 11 men and women ranging from 16 to 76 years old (47.3 ± 17.8) and a mean chronicity of 570.9 ± 313.2 days Etiology of acquired brain injury in this group of patients included ... with acquired brain injury José-Antonio Gil-Gómez1*, Roberto Lloréns1, Mariano Alcañiz1,3 and Carolina Colomer2 Abstract Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the main cause of death and ... traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 3), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (n = 11), and benign cerebral neoplasm (BCN) (n = 3) Table shows a summary of the characteristics of the subjects None of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... College of Psychiatry 2004, 4:25-28 Brain Injury Association of America: Facts about traumatic brain injury [http://www.biausa.org/aboutbi.htm] Niemiec RP, Walberg HJ: Comparative effects of computer-assisted ... took account of the level of cues given The advantage of this algorithm in terms of feedback to the user is that it provides the necessary reinforcement or prompting for the initiation of activity, ... K, Minor U, Sonesson B, Johansson G: Three applications of virtual reality for brain injury rehabilitation of daily tasks In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Disability, Virtual...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... to ensure equal injury severity between the groups The systemic (i.p.) route of administration and the time window of injection were selected based on the breakdown of the blood -brain barrier (BBB) ... inhibitor of the alternative pathway in mice [31,34,36,37] in the setting of a standardized model of closed head injury [38] Methods Animals All experiments were performed in adult male mice of the ... pathway activity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) Functional Functional assessment of mAb 1379 on alternative complement pathway activity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) Relative alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... functional evidence for a role of microglia-derived IL-1α in brain injury is not provided here In cerebral ischemia the primary injury to brain cells is caused by the lack of blood supply and so can ... mediator of the sterile inflammatory response Findings Inflammation is recognised as a major contributor to the worsening of acute brain injury [1] In particular two pro-inflammatory members of the ... 2B) IgG cannot cross an intact blood brain barrier (BBB) and its presence in the brain parenchyma indicates BBB disruption and injury [9] Staining of coronal brain sections from C57BL6/H mice (Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... inclusion criteria were complete documentation of all required parameters for calculation of the severity scores of vascular injuries Presence of any of the following factors led to exclusion: age ... assessment of severity of vascular injuries was performed according to the Score by Vollmar and the MESS Vollmar classified the severity of direct vascular injuries based on the lesion of the different ... predictable value of a MESS score greater Mommsen et al Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010, 5:25 http://www.josr-online.com/content/5/1/25 Severity of vascular injuries Severity of vascular...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... BG: Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effects of pre- and post -injury administration of scopolomine and MK-801 Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1993, 1:223-226 31 Phillips LL, Lyeth ... Gennarelli TA: Animate models of human head injury J Neurotrauma 1994, 11:357-368 29 Povlishock JT, Hayes RL, Michel ME, McIntosh TK: Workshop of animal models of traumatic brain injury J Neurotrauma ... model of experimental brain injury in the rat J Neurosurg 1987, 67:110-119 27 Thompson HJ, Lifshitz J, Marklund N, Grady MS, Graham DI, Hovda DA, McIntosh TK: Lateral fluid percussion brain injury: ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... score of 13–15) The distribution of the severity of brain injury, as assessed by the GCS, is shown in Figure 1–8 In terms of emergency department visits and hospital admissions, the majority of brain ... series) only to a range of 8–15) Injury severity varied considerably across these studies of “mild” brain injury The variation is regrettable, given that the severity of the injury appears to be ... and a host of vascular and hematological abnormalities that constitute some of the medical complications of head injury Diffuse Brain Injury Diffuse brain injury describes a number of pathologies,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... related to the severity of injury, as manifested by duration of unconsciousness or posttraumatic amnesia Regardless of the method used to determine injury severity, increasing severity of injury results ... both the degree of orientation and recall of newly learned material The length of PTA is one of the best indicators of the severity of injury and is a clinically useful predictor of outcome Furthermore, ... neuroanatomy of the skull, brain tissue, and blood vessels, have proved immensely helpful in assessment of extent of brain injury and in following the medical sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI),...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... Institute of Emergency Medical Services System (Fedoroff et al 1992) The patients in our sample were mostly white men of 201 202 FIGURE 10–1 brain injury TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY The ... each of three classes of neurophysiological variables comprising the discriminant function were understood as modifications of brain function attributable to the effects of mechanical brain injury ... assessment of brain behavior relationships, using psychometric methods This evaluation provides important information regarding type and severity of brain injury and course and process of recovery,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... al TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY 1998) Of the 17% of the subjects who reported PTSD developing after injury, 41% of them had experienced resolution of their symptoms by the time of the interview ... Institutes of Health grant R01 NS40472–01, the Ira DeCamp Foundation, and New Hampshire Hospital 279 280 TABLE 15–1 TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Indicators of mild brain injury Duration of loss of ... mean of years between TBI and structured clinical interview Patients were recruited by advertisements in brain injury newsletters in New York Severity of brain injury ranged widely, with 40% of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... absence, at that time, of standardized definitions of brain trauma or severity of injury (This lack of definition is 309 310 present in most of the literature before the development of the standardized ... that although the severity of injury was most predictive of the development of early seizures (within the first days postinjury), other specific 312 TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY factors were ... only 10% in adults with severe brain injury Thus, the age of the patient and the severity of the injury are crucial determinants of the subsequent development of posttraumatic seizures In 1998,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... intracellular and total brain magnesium; and possible changes in nitric oxide There seems to be an inverse relation between the severity of the brain injury or whiplash and the severity of postconcussion ... TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY may be increased because of activation or sensitization of peripheral sensory afferents This barrage of nociceptive impulses may result in sensitization of second- ... pre- and postinjury Sleep pattern and duration pre- and postinjury Type and severity of brain injury Various treatments received since injury Alcohol and substance abuse history Medical history,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... traumatic brain injury Severity of injury Lifetime preinjury psychiatric disorder Preinjury teacher-rated behavior Preinjury parent-rated adaptive function Family psychiatric history Preinjury family ... presence of preinjury ADHD traits (Max et al 2004) SADHD has also followed mild TBI and orthopedic injury (in the absence of brain injury) at similar rates (Max et al 2004) The attribution of brain injury ... status Only at years after injury was severity of injury a predictor of change in ODD symptomatology The influence of psychosocial factors appears greater than severity of injury in accounting for...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... found that, whereas families of individuals with TBI had a better understanding of the immediate significance of brain injury and its TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY negative effect on cognition, ... Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1996 (Traumatic Brain Injury Technical Assistance Center 2004) The intentions of this act included supporting the conducting of expanded studies and the establishment of ... patients because of lack of the specific clinical services in the geographical TEXTBOOK OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY area where the patient resides or, too often, because of lack of financial support...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... pervasive impact of brain injury on everyday function Does Severity of Injury Play a Role in the Efficacy of Cognitive Remediation? The nature of the interaction between severity of brain injury and ... The rapid development of brain injury rehabilitation programs mirrored the development of this new form of rehabilitation therapy Indeed, by the early 1990s, 95% of brain injury rehabilitation ... outcomes of treatment are not limited by the severity of injury • The rate at which a person is able to relearn or acquire new information is affected by the severity of injury because the brain...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... result of injury (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2001) At the more serious end of the spectrum, injury is the cause of 150,000 deaths every year and is the leading source of death ... deals with the issue (Brain Injury Association of America 2001b) At this time, the annual incidence of TBI is greater than that of the more widely known conditions of spinal cord injury, breast cancer, ... Abbreviated Injury Score of or greater, and a severe injury was defined as one with a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score of or greater On the basis of information collected on two car crashes, the effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:20

... Prognosis of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Part I: Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury [http://www2.braintrauma.org/guidelines/ downloadbtf_guidelines_management.pdf?BrainTrauma_Session ... Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury [19], which included control of body temperature, elevation of the head of the bed, seizure prophylaxis, avoidance of jugular outflow obstruction, ... values of insufficient (< 60 mmHg), advised (60 to 70 mmHg) and excessive (> 70 mm Hg) CPP in the absence of brain ischemia, following updated guidelines for CPP management of severe traumatic brain...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20

... suppressed with further bolus doses of 100 mg of propofol, but would recur despite increasing the infusion of propofol to 80 µg/kg/minute Therefore, a loading dose of 700 mg of pentobarbital was given ... 12:23-27 33 Management and Prognosis of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Part II: Early Indicators of Prognosis in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury [http://www2.braintrauma.org/guidelines/downloads/ ... continuous infusions of intravenous propofol or midazolam can also be considered as agents of choice in RSE because of better side effect profiles and easier titration [26,27] For cases of prolonged...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20