specific features of hydrothermal synthesis under supercritical conditions

... positions of these peaks as well as the shape of the Fe 2p spectrum agree well with those for the Fe3+ state reported in Ref [25] The presence of two states of SEM images of the surface of the iron ... supply (such as a car battery or a set of household batteries) under ambient conditions; the process of NW formation is very rapid, with a typical growth time of a few seconds, and with a very little ... Supplementary Material (ESM) In spite of intensive research into one-dimensional structures of metal oxides in particular and NWs in general, our understanding of the mechanisms of their formation and growth...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... 3-24 and 3-25 of IEC 60332 specifies methods of test for the assessment of vertical flame spread of verticallymounted bunched wires or cables, electrical or optical, under defined conditions NOTE ... Non-metallic volume per metre of test sample (I) Use of standard ladder, maximum width of test sample 300 mm: - number of layers: - number of burners: Positioning of test pieces Flame application ... vertical bunch of similar cables or wires will behave in a similar manner This is because flame spread along a vertical bunch of cables depends on a number of features, such as the volume of combustible...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:00

... 3-24 and 3-25 of IEC 60332 specifies methods of test for the assessment of vertical flame spread of verticallymounted bunched wires or cables, electrical or optical, under defined conditions NOTE ... the density of the component C, (kg/dm3); i is the length of the test piece of cable (m) The total volume, V, of the non-metallic materials contained in m of cable is equal to the sum of the individual ... restrictions on the selection of cables A summary of all conditions for type approval testing to this part of IEC 60332 is given in table A.l Table A.l'- Summary of test conditions I I Category and...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:01

... ubiquitination of denatured proteins under stress conditions [32–34] In addition, identification of ubiquitinated forms of mis-folded proteins by HECT-type ubiquitin ligase under stress conditions ... polyubiquitination of Egd2 was observed in cells of both deletion mutants at 37 °C These results show that Rsp5-mediated ubiquitination of Egd2 is independent of Egd1 and Not4 under stress conditions ... inhibition or cell death under stress conditions Hence, identification of the substrates of ubiquitin ligase represents a major challenge to understanding of the mechanism of ubiquitination and degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... rate of accumulation of the two transcripts under these conditions Induction for longer periods of time did not further change the levels of the two transcripts (not shown) The induced rates of ... expression of HydA1 and HydA2 transcripts was also studied under sulfur-deprivation conditions In the absence of sulfur, the rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution drop below those of O2 consumption ... prevents the turnover of the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSII), causes the partial inhibition of PSII, and leads to a reduction of photosynthetic O2 evolution The partial inhibition of PSII is sufficient...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... development of antigenomic therapies, such a reagent might also be useful in investigating the rate of turnover of mtDNA and in the derivation of mtDNA-free (q°) clones of the large number of cell ... addition of a TPP-moiety has been used to drive the selective uptake of a wide variety of Ó FEBS 2003 Fig Selective uptake of mitoDC-81 by mitochondria and subsequent alkylation of mtDNA The uptake of ... response of the electrode was then calibrated by sequential additions of lM mitoDC-81, which showed the expected logarithmic response of the electrode to cation concentra- Results Synthesis of mitoDC-81...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... to the leftovers of strand D via a disulfide bridge to Cys66 [5] As stated in the introduction, one of the goals of this work was to take advantage of the interplay of treatment conditions and enzyme ... Proteolysis of heat-unfolded b-lactoglobulin (Eur J Biochem 269) 1365 Fig RP-HPLC analysis of the products obtained upon enzymatic digestion of BLG at 60 °C Proper volumes of concentrated solutions of ... in Table 2, the amount of residual BLG decreased with time and with the amount of added Table Residual intact BLG after proteolysis under different conditions The amount of residual intact BLG...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... dissociation of the corresponding peptide ions and examination of the resultant spectra for the presence of the signals produced by ‘neutral loss’ of phosphoric acid, which are characteristic of phosphorylated ... X-ray structure of the higher plant LHCI– PSI supercomplex revealed several unique features of the organization of the LHCI antennae and its binding to the PSI core First, the number of Lhca proteins ... Positions of the peptides in the sequence of the mature CP29 are indicated by corresponding amino acid numbers The sequences of the peptides 1–4 were obtained after in-gel digestion of the putative...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... Expression of carbonic anhydrase in gills (B) Expression of glutathione peroxidase in mantle (C) Expression of myc homologue in gills (D) Expression of BTF3 in mantle (E) Expression of glycogen ... series of molecular processes Among these processes, they underlined a global decline in protein biosynthesis and a decline in membrane permeability Larade and Storey [32] observed a reduction of ... metabolim as previously reported in other species [6] Often, this increase is then replaced by a suppression of the rates 5642 value of ATP production and of ATP utilization, in order to reduce metabolic...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... Sn(OH)4 hydrothermal condition (Sn(OH)6 ) −→ SnO2 + 2H2 O 2− hydrothermal condition −→ SnO2 + 2H2 O + 2OH− (7) (8) The concentration of tin ions in solution is of influencing to the diameter of nanowires ... investigated the synthesis of SnO2 nanowires/nanoneedles by a low-temperature (95–98 ◦ C) hydrothermal method The asgrown SnO2 nanowires have diameters of 50–150 nm and lengths of 10–100 ␮m The ... consisted of nanowires as well as nanoparticles The diameters of tin oxide nanowires are in the range of 70–150 nm with lengths of the order of 20–100 ␮m When the ratio between SnCl4 and NH4 OH is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... structure, and (c) schematic diagram of testing system dissolved in 20 ml of distilled water and a designated amount of Na2 WO4 ·2H2 O was dissolved in 20 ml of distilled water After mixing the ... Fig shows the XRD patterns of the R30, R5, and R0.5 powders prepared by HT of precursors at 450 ◦ C for h The R30 powders 2.2 Characterization of sample The morphologies of the precursors and powders ... (d) and (f)) Thus, the morphology of the powders could be designed in the stage of hydrothermal reaction The WO3 microspheres after HT (R30 powders) consisted of many small primary particles (10–20...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... 1530 field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), under typical working conditions of 10 kV Fig The evolution of the XRD patterns of the ␣-FeOOH nanocrystallines obtained at 140 ◦ C for ... Journal of Alloys and Compounds 433 (2007) 216–220 217 uniform nanocrystallines could be selectively synthesized through a facile hydrothermal synthetic route in large quantities under mild conditions ... of reaction time, the XRD patterns of samples at the whole process show that the crystallinities of the samples were continuously improved When the samples maintained for h, the XRD pattern of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... agent under hydrothermal conditions has focused our interest to utilize EDTA in the synthesis of 1D h-WO3 nanocrystals with different morphologies Therefore, the present work investigates the synthesis ... mol) Na2 WO4 ·2H2 O was dissolved in 10 mL of DI water under stirring The clear solution was slowly acidified to a pH range of 1–1.2 using 10 mL of M HCl under continuous stirring to form a pale ... nanowire bundles and nanorods, allowing the formation of urchin-like crystalline h-WO3 via simple substitution of NH4 + in place of Na+ ions of EDTA salt solutions Experimental procedure The analytical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... Morphological characteristics of hydrothermally prepared a-iron oxides Oxide type Precursor Conditions of hydrothermal treatment Particle shape Average Speci®c Density of diameter surface sintered ... N Popescu-Pogrion, Hydrothermal transformation of a-FeOOH into a-Fe2O3 in the presence of silicon oxide, Mater Letters 27 (1996) 253 [6] Y Li, H Liao, Hydrothermal synthesis of ultra®ne Fe2O3 ... particles, parallel to the surface of the sample Consequently, the mentioned enhancement of the M lines can be a measure of the orientation of the particles at the surface of the green body To illustrate,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... FE-SEM images of TNAs grown on PT-substrate at an annealing temperature of 700 8C and at a hydrothermal growth temperature of 160 8C and growth time of h (a) PT-substrate; (b) top view of TNAs; (c) ... distribution of TiO2 nanorods grown on PT-substrate at an annealing temperature of 700 8C and at a hydrothermal growth temperature of 160 8C and with growth time of h Fig SEM image of TiO2 nanorod ... the hydrothermal precursor solution at a hydrothermal growth temperature of 160 8C and with growth time of h Fig TEM images of TiO2 nanorods grown on PT-substrate at an annealing temperature of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... the hydrothermal cooperate assembly of tungsten oxide composite materials The strong solvating effect of water in combination with the structure-directing role of organoamines under the hydrothermal ... data of one of the phases, a mono- Results and Discussion The title compound is initially isolated from the hydrothermal reaction of WO , en, NaOH and H O in polycrystalline form Replacement of ... from 1-, 2- and 4y 4-coordinated oxo groups Each W6 O 20 unit consists of a pair of center -of- symmetry-related W3 O 10 trimers of edge-sharing WO6 octahedra as shown in Fig Adjacent 4y W6 O 20 units...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... image of the (1 1) plane of anatase TiO2 , which showed the formation of single crystalline anatase TiO2 nanowires in our experiments The growth of single-crystalline TiO2 nanowires in the hydrothermal ... TEM image of a single anatase TiO2 nanowire with a diameter of 40 nm The inset shows a [0 0] SAED recorded perpendicular to the long axis of the wire (b) The corresponding HRTEM image of the nanowire ... presputtered with a layer of conducting Pt metal Samples for TEM observation were prepared by 10 ultrasonic dispersion of a small amount of sample in absolute ethanol; a drop of the solution was then...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... evidence of the solubility limits of Sn4þ in the hematite structure and of Fe3þ in SnO2 are discussed the compositional uniformity The determined average values of x; for the analyzed series of mixed ... peak broadening are observed over Experimental A series of (1 x)a-Fe2O3 –xSnO2 ðx ¼ 0:0 – 1:0Þ was prepared under hydrothermal conditions The hydrothermal syntheses were performed in a 50 ml Teflon ... the morphology of the pure hematite crystallized under hydrothermal conditions is shown The crystallites are without defects and generally have the typical rhombohedral morphology of hematite In...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... obtained in the standard condition and (b) standard of WO3·H2O on the basis of JCPDS data (JCPDS No 18-1418) Fig Time evolutions of (a) the mean size of particle and COV and corresponding TEM images ... volumes of yellow precipitates at 168 h were almost the same as that of the standard condition (40 °C), suggesting similar yields in these conditions since the apparent volume reflects a degree of ... Fig SEM image of obtained particles in the standard condition and their size distribution evaluated from TEM observations standard condition Also, the influence of counter ions of the starting...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... purification, decomposition of NOx and improvement of living conditions by removal of various pollutants, etc [19–21] In this paper, we also demonstrated the preparation of TiO2 whisker by extracting ... powder made of TiO2 spherical particles was hydrothermally treated in an autoclave at 200 1C for various times Fig demonstrates the microstructural evolution of TiO2 particles with hydrothermal ... growth of the reprecipitated particles to the whiskers with a specific direction In addition, the solubility of the spherical particles for the NaOH can increase as the time and temperature of hydrothermal...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04