special topic biological synthesis of aromatic rings phenylalanine

... applications of microwave technology being used for the rapid synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds The recent development in the field of microwave technology is the use of this ... number of investigations on their synthesis and biological activities have been reported during the last 10 years [10–12] Currently A Rauf and N N Farshori, Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Aromatic ... 1.2 Theory of Microwave Synthesis 1.3 Equipments Used in Microwave Synthesis 1.4 Safety Precautions in Microwave Synthesis 1.5 Coupling of Microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 17:31

... use [14] Biological Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles Synthesis was conducted in a 1000 mL sterile serum bottle containing 20 g immobilized R sphaeroides and 500 culture medium of 1.0 mM ... Lett (2009) 4:717–723 123 Content of cadmium in solution (mM) To understand the synthesis process of CdS in a greater detail, the kinetics of the formation of CdS by living R sphaeroides exposed ... 42 Content of cadmium on the cell (mM) Biosynthesis Kinetics of CdS Content of cadmium in form of CdS (mM) Fig TEM images recorded from thin sections of R sphaeroides cells after reaction with...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... Infrared spectrum of ortho-diethylbenzene Infrared spectrum of meta-diethlbenzene Infrared spectrum of ortho-diethylbenzene Infrared spectrum of para-diethylbenzene Infrared spectrum of styrene The ... conjugate on the side of the single-bonded oxygen: Apparently this form of conjugation interferes with resonance of the carbonyl group, hence increasing the arbsorption frequency of the C=O bond α-keto ... bending of CH2 Methylene groups often absorb stronger when attached to a cabonyl Crotoaldehyde Benzaldehyde The reason the C-H splits into two peaks is due to fermi-resonance, from a coupling of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/12/2014, 07:14

... vicinity of cultured cells provoked a wave of calcium in the cytoplasm of astrocytes (Fig 3A) while ejection of culture medium alone had no effect (Fig 3B) Comparison of the amplitude of the response ... of a potent endozepine antagonist (Eur J Biochem 268) 6049 Fig RP-HPLC monitoring of N- and C-terminal deprotections and on-resin cyclization of the linear precursor of cyclo128 OP Aliquots of ... analysis of the calculated structures revealed a short distances between NH of Leu7 and the side chain carboxyl group of the Asp6 residue (< 0.28 nm), and NH of Leu7 residue and C¼O of Leu5 (

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... The absorbance of the formazen product was then measured at a wavelength of 570 nm Four groups of MTT tests were done for each quantum dots concentration The values of MTT assay of labeled cells ... Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education of China (No 20070335014), Zhejiang Innovation Program for Graduates (2008022), and the foundation of 2008DFR50250 Author details State Key Lab of Silicon ... room temperature, and 19 mg of Se powder was added Finally, the mixture was heated to 240°C and kept for a certain period of time such as 1, 5, 60, and 120 Synthesis of CdSe/CdS QDs As sulfur source,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... illustrates the formation of aromatic aliphatic polyamide chains Na-MMT Synthesis of Nanocomposite Films - + NH3 H H N O O N H C O N H C O C O N H C O N H O Appropriate amounts of polyamide solution ... spacing of 1.886 nm Data indicate that stiff and long chain structure of oligomer leads to the greater d-spacing of montmorillonite helping for the intercalation of polyamide into interlayers of clay ... Temperature (°C) Fig TGA curves of aromatic aliphatic polyamide/oligomer-MMT nanocomposites obtained at a heating rate of 10 °C min-1 in nitrogen Table Mechanical data of aromatic aliphatic polyamide/oligomer-MMT...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... radiosynthesis of the E isomer of CA-1 121 4.16 Radiosynthesis of the E isomer of CA-1 123 4.17 Scale-up synthesis of OXi8007 124 4.18 Proposed nitrogen containing indole targets 125 4.19 Synthesis ... and Discussion 86 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based Combretastatin A-4 86 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based Combretastatin A-1 100 Synthesis of a Combretastatin A-1 Analogue 112 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based ... General Section 38 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based Combretastatin A-4 39 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based Combretastatin A-1 49 Synthesis of a Combretastatin A-1 Analogue 62 Synthesis of Nitrogen-Based...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 11:32

... primary aromatic amine in the presence of KI in ethanol to get the title compounds 3a–3j From IR spectra, the appearance of peaks at 3400– 3500 cmÀ1 and 3000–3400 cmÀ1 indicated the presence of NH of ... all the compounds The appearance of multiplet at 6.30–8.0 ppm indicated the presence of aromatic and hetero -aromatic protons The calculated molecular weight of the compounds was matched with ... guidelines of Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Institutional Animals Ethics Committee (IAEC) were followed for the maintenance of animals...

Ngày tải lên: 02/09/2015, 13:45

... 2.2.3 Synthesis of glycerate 2-4 28 2.2.4 Synthesis of H-phosphonate 2-2 30 iv 2.2.5 Synthesis of glycolipid 2-29 and 2-35 38 2.2.6 Synthesis of glycosyl donor 2-41 42 2.2.7 Synthesis of PGL1 ... Proposed mechanism of self-reporting property of 66 probe APNP Scheme 3.3 Synthesis of AP1 and AP2 68 Scheme 3.4 Synthesis of AP3 69 Scheme 3.5 Synthesis of NC1 70 Scheme 3.6 Synthesis of APCM and APNP ... Scheme 3.7 Synthesis of AP1CM and AP1NP 71 Scheme 3.8 Synthesis of AP2CM and AP2NP 72 Scheme 4.1 Synthesis of 4-1a and 4-1b 93 Scheme 4.2 Synthesis of ylide 4-3 93 Scheme 4.3 Synthesis of analogues...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:26

... to the synthesis of functionalized isoindigos….…… ……57 3.3.2 Synthesis of Series 1……………………………… …………………………… …60 3.3.3 Synthesis of Series 2……………………………….………………………… ……62 3.3.4 Synthesis of Series ... 3.3.5 Synthesis of Series 4……………………………………….………………… …….67 3.3.6 Synthesis of Series 5……………………………………….…………………… ….68 3.3.7 Synthesis of Series 6……………………………………….…………………… ….69 3.3.8 Synthesis of Series ... Synthesis of 2-8……………………………………… ………………… … 62 Scheme 3-9: Synthesis of 2-11………………………………… ……………………… …63 Scheme 3-10: Synthesis of 2-16…………………………………… ……………… … 63 Scheme 3-11: Synthesis of 3-1 to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:38

... ii 2.2.1 Retrosynthesis 32 2.2.2 Synthesis of Compounds 2-2 33 2.2.3 Synthesis of Fluorescent Tags 38 2.2.4 Synthesis of Compounds 2-4 41 2.2.5 Synthesis of Compounds 2-1 45 2.3 Biological Results ... 2-2(a-s) 34 Scheme 2.4 Synthesis of dansyl tags 39 Scheme 2.5 Synthesis of 2-2t and 2-2u 41 Scheme 2.6 Synthesis of 2-4(a-d) 43 Scheme 2.7 Synthesis of 2-29 44 Scheme 2.8 Synthesis of 2-1 46 Scheme ... Optimization of the synthesis of 3-4 119 Table 3.2 Cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds against various cancer cells 122 Table 4.1 Optimization of the synthesis of 4-7a 137 Table 4.2 List of compounds...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... This transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in the control of cholesterol biosynthesis It is the rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biosynthesis 1hw8, 3cct, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6hydroxymethyldihydro ... cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A May play a role in modulation of ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (RYR-1), a component of the calcium release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic 1fki, 3odk, 3.067 0.6818 ... processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... continuation of the efforts of our research group to find potent anti-cancer leads, the interest was extended to explore the synthesis of pyrimido fused 1,3,5-triazine system and its benzofused analogues ... formation of both the 1,3,5-triazine and pyrimidine ring The information on the biological activity of pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazine derivatives is also included 1.1.1 Synthesis by annulation of pyrimidine ... equivalent of phNCO and longer reaction duration, 87 was reported as the major product along with 12% of 86 Predominant isolation of 87 can be explained by formation of diphenyl carbodiimide with mol of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... Romo’s synthesis of THL 53 4.10 Hoffmann-La Roche enantiosynthesis of THL 54 4.11 Kumaraswamy’s synthesis of THL 56 4.12 Synthesis of β-hydroxy aldehyde 4.71 57 4.13 Davies’ synthesis of THL ... mechanism of TMAL 5.8 synthesis of unprotected alkyne 82 5.9 Synthesis of Mosher esters 82 5.10 Synthesis of β-lactone 5.51 83 5.11 Synthesis of THL-L antipode 5.58 84 5.12 Synthesis of R- and ... Synthesis of mono-Boc linker 16 2.5 Synthesis of flurescent RGDC conjugate 19 4.1 Schneider’s synthesis of THL 45 4.2 45 4.3 Hoffmann-La Roche second generation synthesis of THL Uskoković’s synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:58

... 125.7577890 MHz DATE_d : DECNUC : off NS 39.9955 39.8279 39.7551 39.6968 39.6603 39.4927 39.3324 39.1648 38.9972 38.8514 38.7057 BF1 : 137 Oct 23 2006 NUCLEUS : off PULPROG : zgpg30 SFO1 : 125.7709936 ... Parameters *** O sg1023~1 : *** Acquisition Parameters *** O 2.19 Oct 23 2006 : off NS O : DECNUC N : 125.7577890 MHz DATE_d : 57 off PULPROG : N H BF1 NUCLEUS : N H (1) N O : PROCNO 34.0345 33.9106 O ... MHz 1.00 Hz 32768 *** 1D NMR Plot Parameters *** O N H (1) 35.0 : SF 60 50 40 30 20 10 60.62 Hz off 220 39.6968 38.8514 38.7057 38.4506 34.0345 33.9106 69.5313 69.4875 68.9774 68.9556 97.4419...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:58

... University of Singapore for awarding me a research scholarship to pursue my doctorate degree i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SCHEME LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... 1.2.2 Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives 14 1.2.2.1 Solution phase synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubtituted-1,3,5-triazine 14 1.2.2.2 Solid-Phase Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives 17 Purpose of ... Oxidation and cleavage of 3-7 62 3.3.5 Solid-phase Synthesis of 3-7 63 3.3.6 Experimental Section 65 3.4 Synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine Analogs via Guanidium Azolides 80 3.5 Synthesis of 1,3,5-traizine-2,4-diones...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:25

... research scholarship to pursue my doctorate degree TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SCHEME LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PUBLICATIONS i v vii viii x xi xiv ... which is the main focus of the thesis involves the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of inhibitors of Dengue and West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease For the design of dengue NS2B-NS3 protease ... protease 60 Chapter 4: Synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of West Nile Virus NS2B/NS3 Protease 4.1 63 4.1.1 Chemistry 65 4.1.2 4.2 Introduction Biological test 68 Results...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:44

... stereochemistries of C4 and C5 In our group, we have been working on the synthesis of the isomers of C4 and C5 as NOE studies of large rings is known to be unreliable.9 Later, the NMR data of the synthetic ... (B.Sc (Hons), University of Malaya) (M.Sc National University of Malaysia) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARMENT OF CHEMISTRY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... be easily adapted to the synthesis of analogs for pharmacological studies Part I 14 Chapter : Total Synthesis of Antillatoxin 1.4 Results and Discussion 1.4.1 Synthesis of (2E, 4E)-2,4,6,6-tetramethyl-hepta-2,4-dienal...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... TOWARD SYNTHESIS OF A MACROCYCLIC HYBRID AROMATIC PENTAMER SUN XIAONAN (M.Sc.) PKU A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE ...     Scheme 2.1 Synthesis of trimer 1j Following the elaboration of the synthetic routes for the efficient preparation of various monomeric building blocks (1l, and 1m), a series of oligoamides ... Scheme 2.2 Synthesis of monomer 1p All these reactions were simple to carry out, and recrystallization of the curde product with methanol lead to a high yield up to ~ 80% Scheme 2.3 Synthesis of monomer...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 10:11

... Take off heat Press down carefully on top of apple to make into shape evocative of a seashell If using a kumquat, a traditional Tet fruit, use white sugar to keep the natural orange colour of the ... is to maintain the shape of the fruit Use apple, potato, tomato, plum, ginger, mandarin, or gourd Apple: Pierce skin lengthwise, but don’t cut too deep Place in a bowl of cold water and lime Soak ... little liquid remains Bò kho (beef with cinnamon) Tie up beef muscle firmly with several strips of bamboo Break cinnamon into small pieces, rub into beef Sear Add fish sauce and salt, and cook...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2012, 14:57