spatial and temporal mapping of glycine receptor complex expression

... fermenting hexose and pentose sugars to produce hydrogen, organic acids and ethanol In this study, the temporal and spatial interactions of C obsidiansis with cellulose were visualized and compared ... calculated from, d= √ ρa (1) And then, the minimum volumetric biofilm cells density can be approximated by, ρv = ρa d (2) Results Temporal and spatial dynamics of C obsidiansis biofilm formation To visualize ... experiment The use of flat cellulose substrates coupled with sampling the biofilm structure at multiple stages of development allowed dissection of the multi-step process of biofilm formation and cellulose...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... mM KCl), 1µL of dNTP (10 mM), µL of each primer (100 µM), 0.5 µL of Taq-polymerase (Fastart, Roche Diagnostic), µL of MgCl2 , µL of GC-rich solution (Sigma), µL of BSA (3%) and µL of genomic DNA ... Intermediate values were found in the oak, beech and Douglas-fir stands (12.6 and 0.937; 12.3 and 0.920; 12.2 and 0.934, respectively) Twenty of the selected bands of the more common species were sequenced ... transformation of the abundance data [10] The significance of time and tree species on microbial species richness and SW diversity was tested by ANOVA using the Statistica software The banding patterns of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... Number of transports Tranports to Götaland (%) Svealand (%) Norrland (%) Cattle Götaland Svealand Norrland Pigs 44068 11971 5430 97 5.1 1.3 2.8 93.2 16.8 0.2 1.7 82 Götaland Svealand Norrland 16895 ... Uppsala Södermanland Östergötland Jönköping Kronoberg Kalmar Gotland Blekinge Skåne Halland Västra Götaland Värmland Örebro Västmanland Dalarna Gävleborg Västernorrland Jämtland Västerbotten ... type of production and the geographical coordinates of the holding Pig movements are reported on group level; the holding of origin and the holding of destination, the number of pigs and date of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... design of this study, and led the team to well finish it SAC participated in the design of the study, the acquisition of data, the analysis/interpretation of data, and the modification of paper ... design of the study and performed the statistical analysis HZL participated in the design of the study and drafted the manuscript LWK conceived of the study, and participated in the design and coordination ... as: Lin et al.: Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of dual-task driving performance Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2011 8:11 • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... designer with a unique degree of flexibility in terms of both spatial and temporal behaviour Memory-optimized systems spanning from a ¢ spatial neighbourhood up to a frame spatiotemporal ¢ pixel neighbourhood ... The controller and the required line buffers form the temporal architecture An example of an architecture which has a temporal depth of n frames is depicted in Figure The structure of the line buffers ... image width and height In order to synchronise data, a FIFO buffer is implemented for each required temporal level The size of each buffer depends on the read-write pattern and the number of temporal...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... rings, and between abaxial and adaxial sides of branches; (3) the relationship between needle d13C and that of wood and cellulose taken from the same position on the branch; and (4) the temporal ... Students t-test of needle d13Cadaxial versus d13Cabaxial showing means and standard errors, number of samples and the mean difference of adaxial-abaxial needle d13C (Diffad-ab); levels of significance ... 3) of 2.00‰ m–1 for the model including the parameter needle generation, and 1.49‰ m–1 and 3.67‰ m–1 for the 1996 and 1997 needle generations, respectively 3.5 Temporal behaviour of d13C of different...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... variants of GDNF family ligands and receptors is suggestive of a new paradigm where a limited number of ligands and receptors generate pleiotropic effects through differential expression and combinatorial ... 9.2.1 Crystal structure of ligand receptor complex & phosphorylation pattern of co-receptors 157 vii 9.2.2 Role of GFL and GFRα in regulation of mitochondrial function and the impact on neurodegenerative ... Regulation and function of GFRα and co -receptor isoforms in neurogenesis 159 9.2.4 Functions of miRNA in GFL signaling and neurogenesis 159 CHAPTER 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS 161 10.1 Ligands and Chemicals...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:13

... and temporal phase evaluation techniques are reviewed, and a postprocessing with spatial and temporal phase unwrapping is described In Chapter 3, the theories of the proposed spatial and temporal ... continuous deformation of a CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION cantilever beam and profiling of an object with height steps Furthermore, in the temporal domain, detection and compensation of phase-shifting ... extraction of instantaneous frequency and profiling of a discontinuous object Another issue also in the temporal domain is that it is difficult to evaluate the influence of phase-shifting error and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... the use of a complex exponential for Eq (2.4) can greatly facilitate the wave calculation and derivations of optical principles 12 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW The expression of the complex ... part of this complex exponential represents the physical wave, and 2π ft can be ignored since the spatial part of the electrical field is of the most interest in most cases The wavelengths of visible ... C (u + f , v) (2.45) where u and v denote the horizontal and vertical spatial frequencies, and C (u , v) and A(u , v) are the 2D Fourier transforms of c f ( x, y ) and a f ( x, y ), respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... u and ξ l denote the upper and lower limits of ξ , and η u and η l denote the upper and lower limits of η , respectively The ranges of ξ and η can be approximately estimated by the analysis of ... imaginary and real parts of the complex phasor (Ströbel, 1996; Ghiglia and Pritt, 1998) A schematic for an explanation of the complex phasor concept is shown in Fig 3.1 In the presence of noise, ... curvature and twist is also an important aspect in the study of out -of- plane displacement of an object (Rastogi, 1996; Chau and Zhou, 2003; Liu, 2003) In this thesis, the determination of curvature and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... distance between object and CCD camera is 55 mm, and the values of z1 , z , z and z are 15 mm, 36 mm, mm and mm, respectively In this case study, a complex- valued object is tested, and the pure phase ... laser is 632.8 nm, and the laser beam is separated by a variable beam splitter into reference and object beams A microscopic lens and a pinhole consist of a spatial filter, and a polarizer is ... holography, and Fig 4.10 shows a top view of the specimen and an area of interest (inside the black box) The concrete dimension is discussed in Section 5.2.2 Figure 4.10 Top view of the specimen and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... effects of spatial filters used before and after the temporal operations As the spatial filter is used before the temporal operations, the effects of spatial filters in the conventional temporal ... phase subtraction and temporal phase unwrapping; (b) complex phasor and temporal phase unwrapping; (c) complex phasor and short-time Fourier transform 146 CHAPTER FIVE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To ... unwrapping; (b) complex phasor method and temporal phase unwrapping; (c) complex phasor method and short-time Fourier transform 144 CHAPTER FIVE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the complex pashor method...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... study, both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and can effectively and accurately estimate the fringe density of a noisy wrapped map ... deformation of a cantilever beam and profiling of an object with height steps The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the previously proposed methods (such as the conventional temporal ... better especially in the suppression of speckle noise 177 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK (4) In the temporal domain, detection and compensation of phase-shifting error in phase-shifting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... Drosophila and mammalian cells have indicated that Akt influences mTOR signaling by regulation of the protein complex of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 ⁄ TSC2 [9–12] The TSC1 ⁄ TSC2 protein complex ... interaction between GAP activity of the TSC1 ⁄ TSC2 complex and Rheb Results and Discussion IGF-1-induced activation of mTOR signaling is prevented by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin ... Distributions of TSC1 and TSC2 proteins in the membrane fraction and the cytosolic fraction Alterations in the relative amounts of both TSC1 and TSC2 proteins were quantified as a percentage of control...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... Inhibition of uPAR by DNAzymes all of which contribute to focal proteolysis and regulation of wound healing, angiogenesis, and metastasis [5] Of the components of the uPA system, uPAR is of particular ... substrate, and a maximum reduction of 84% of uPAR substrate concentration at a molar ratio of : 200 (Fig 2D) The specificity of the DNAzymes was confirmed by the lack of cleavage by the untreated and ... absence of any energy source [15] This report outlines the design of novel DNAzymes that target uPAR mRNA as a method of inhibiting its expression and thereby decreasing the invasive potential of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... types of plastids The Ndh complex associates in homodimers and dissociates in membrane and soluble subcomplexes; isolation of the Ndh complex by BN / PAGE and Tricine / PAGE Intact MS and BS ... membrane subcomplex (containing NdhE) and a 250-kDa subcomplex (containing NdhH, -J and -K) The 250-kDa subcomplex contains the connecting subcomplex (NdhH, -I, -J and -K) in a monomeric form and perhaps ... soluble subcomplexes Separation of the Ndh complex by CN / PAGE (1D) and Tricine / PAGE (2D) and CN / PAGE (1D) and BN / PAGE (2D) When the subunit composition of a protein complex is investigated,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... neuronal migration and synaptic reorganization of adult avian and fish brain The temporal expression of the B-FABP gene reported here (Fig 4C) and our previous report of its expression in the periventricular ... sequence 5¢ upstream of exon of the B-FABP gene revealed a number of potential cis-acting regulatory elements, which may provide clues to the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the B-FABP gene ... divergence of invertebrates and vertebrates [18] Here we report the gene structure, tissue-specific and temporal expression, potential cis-acting regulatory elements of the promoter and gene linkage mapping...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... Round-Robin Figure 12: CDF of user and cell throughput for an offered DCH load of ρc = 0.4 25 20 15 10 0 Conclusion and Outlook We investigated spatial and temporal fairness aspects of integrated HSDPA-enhanced ... standard deviation of the SIR in decibel scale as a function of Σi Assuming that the distribution of the SIR follows a normal distribution that is entirely characterized by its mean and standard ... that case the data rates of the users only depend on the number of users and their position, but are otherwise independent of each other We now clarify the effect of spatial heterogeneity with...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... scheme significantly improves the quality of the SI and RD performance of DVC, and the performance of the proposed hybrid scheme is superior to spatial EC and temporal EC alone This paper is organized ... hybrid spatial and temporal error concealment (EC) scheme for WZ frames in DVC It uses the error-concealed results from spatial EC to improve the performance of the temporal EC, instead of simply ... cost of several iterations of motion estimation and decoding In [16], the reconstructed image and the adjacent key frames are used in order to refine the motion vectors and, thus, obtain a new and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... the experimental work and the majority of analysis, prepared the tables and figures and the primary drafts of the manuscript, and contributed to finalisation of the text and journal-specific formatting ... validation and genetic mapping Association of SNPs with resistance loci in perennial ryegrass and cereal species Figure Schematic representation of empirical and bioinformatics-based discovery of perennial ... genotypes of the F1(NA6 × AU6) mapping population Genomic DNA of a cumulative length of c 37 kb was analysed and a total of 819 R gene SNPs were predicted, at an overall frequency of per 46 bp...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20