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23/03/2014, 21:20
... Section4containssupplementalevaluation of aseparatesecondaryozoneNAAQSin
the range of 7to15ppm‐hr,aswellasalessstringent of 21ppm‐hr.This
supplementalprovidesanexplanation of the extremedifficulty of quantifying the
costs and benefits of asecondarystandardatthistime.
S1.1Results of Benefit‐Cost Analysis
ThisupdatedRIAconsists of multipleanalyses,includinganassessment of the nature
and sources of ambientozone;estimates of current and futureemissions of relevant
ozoneprecursors;airqualityanalyses of baseline and alternativecontrolstrategies;
illustrativecontrolstrategiestoattain the standardalternativesinfutureyears;
estimates of the incrementalcosts and benefits of attaining the alternativestandards,
S1‐1
Summary of the updatedRegulatoryImpact Analysis (RIA)for the Reconsideration of the
2008OzoneNationalAmbientAirQualityStandard(NAAQS)
OnSeptember16,2009,EPAcommittedtoreconsidering the ozoneNAAQSstandard
promulgatedinMarch2008. The ozoneNAAQSwillbeselectedfrom the proposedrange of
0.060to0.070ppm,basedonthisreconsideration of the evidenceavailableat the time the last
standardwasset.Today’sproposedrulealsoincludesaseparatesecondaryNAAQS,forwhich
thisRIAprovidesonlyqualitative analysis dueto the limitednature of availableEPAguidance
forattainingthisstandard
Thissupplementto the RIAcontainsanupdatedillustrative analysis of the potential
costs and humanhealth and welfarebenefits of nationallyattaininga
newprimaryozone
standard. The basisforthisupdatedeconomic analysis is the RIApublishedinMarch2008with
afewsignificantchanges.Thesechangesreflect the morestringentrange of optionsbeing
proposedby the Administrator.Italsoreflectssomesignificantmethodologicalimprovements
toairpollutionbenefitsestimation,whichEPAhasadoptedsince the ozonestandardwaslast
promulgated.Thesesignificantchangesinclude the following:
... $47,000
a
Estimatesareroundedtotwosignificantfigures.Assuch,totalswillnotsumdowncolumns.
S.2.4.4 Summary of TotalCosts
TableS2.9presentsa summary of the totalnationalcosts of attaining the 0.055ppm
and the 0.060ppmalternativestandardsin2020.This summary includes the engineeringcosts
of the modeledcontrolstrategy(presentedin the 2008OzoneNAAQSRIAChapter5
4
), the
additionalsupplementalcontrols,aswellas the extrapolatedcosts.ConsistentwithOMB
CircularA‐4,costsarepresentedata7%discountrate.
7
The midrangeestimateconsists of usinganMvalue of 0.24for the estimation of the averagecostperton of
controlbygeographicarea.Foracompletelisting of averagecostpertonbygeographicareaseeAppendixS2a.
... InMarch2008, the Administratorlowered the primaryozoneNAAQSfrom0.084
ppmto0.075ppm. The RIAwhichaccompaniedthatruleanalyzedalessstringent
alternativestandard of 0.079ppm, and twomorestringentstandards of 0.065 and
0.070ppm.ThisRIAsupplementpresentsan analysis of threealternativestandards
within the proposedrange:0.060,0.065 and 0.070ppm.Becausetoday’sproposed
ruleisareconsideration,eachalternativestandardiscomparedagainst the prior
standard of 0.084ppm.PerExecutiveOrder12866 and the guidelines of OMB
CircularA‐4,thisRegulatoryImpact Analysis (RIA)alsopresentsanalyses of two
alternativestandards,0.075ppm and 0.055ppm.Itisimportanttonotethatas the
stringency of the standardsincreases,webelievethat the uncertaintyin the
estimates of the costs and benefitsalso
increases.Thisisexplainedinmoredetailin
sections2 and 3 of thissupplement.
...