... S. Jayram, Rajasekar Krishna-murthy, Sriram Raghavan, Shivakumar
Vaithyanathan, and Huaiyu Zhu. Avatar information extraction system. IEEE Data
Eng. Bull.
[23] Sándor Dominich. The Modern Algebra ... studies a novel machine
learning framework, which overcomes the challenges about scalability and adaptability
of the previous approaches.
We have then adapted the probabilistic framework to a Vietnamese ...
based. We also adapt the probabilistic framework to Vietnamese Real Estate domain
and have a satisfactory result.
1.4 Chapter summary
This chapter brought an overview of web-page problem and...
... and class formation, but rather as a
frameworkfor de®ning an agenda of problems for empirical research within
class analysis. In the multivariate empirical studies of class conscious-
ness and ... framework
10. A general frameworkfor studying
class consciousness and class
formation
In one way or another, most class analysts believe that at the core of class
analysis is a relatively simple causal ... of analysis, typically an entire society. To say that someone is
``in'' a managerial class location is to claim that they are embedded in a
set of interindividual interactions (relations)...
... disadvantage noncompliance. Law is also
similar to what Wiener and Doescher (1991)'term a structural
solution, that is, a political act that mandates individual
behavior. For Taylor and ... singular choice of edu
cation, marketing, or force of law as a paradigm of choice.
Each paradigm has a role to play in behavior management;
behavior management must be considered from the
pragmatic ... have changed dramati-
cally in the past years, and as a result, policy with respect to
managing tobacco usage behavior also has changed. The re-
lationship of behavior management and externalities...
... that are assigned the
correct head. Complete accuracy (CA) indicates
the fraction of sentences that have a complete cor-
rect analysis. We also measure that root accuracy
(RA) and leaf accuracy ... words
after w
2
(as in (Yamada and Matsumoto, 2003)).
The key additional feature we use, relative to (Ya-
mada and Matsumoto, 2003), is that we include
the previous predicted action as a feature. ... a common computational strategy in natural lan-
guage processing and is known to suffer from error
accumulation and an inability to correct mistakes
in previous stages.
Sent. Len. DA RA CA LA
<11...
...
evaluation metrics are able to closely approximate
human evaluations for various applications. Given
an application app and an evaluation guideline
package eval, the faithfulness/compactness ...
separately evaluated. Each version was evaluated
by a human evaluator, with no reference answer
available. For this evaluation 115 test questions
were used, and the human evaluator was asked ... predicts that the automatic
evaluation metrics that explain most of the
variation in the human evaluation must have a
median α and a median N. As seen in Table 6, our
evaluation framework correctly...
... states that repairs are
available for semantic analysis but provides
no details on the representation to be used.
Clearly repairs should be available for se-
mantic analysis as they play a ...
To test this framework, data was examined
from 31 TRAINS 93 dialogs (Heeman and
Allen, 1995), a series of human-human prob-
lem solving dialogs in a railway transporta-
tion domain. 5 There ...
2 What is a Dialog
From a traditional parsing perspective, a
text is a series of sentences to be analyzed.
An interpretation fora text would be a se-
ries of parse trees and logical forms,...
... representation language from the applica-
tion program and systematically translating it into
a natural language using syntactic/semantic rules
which were primarily designed for translating in
the ... (1) must include at
least as much information as we have given above.
In particular, the logical structure of our para-
phrases contains essential information (about, for
instance, the differences ... representa-
tion of linguistic knowledge for both analysis and
generation. We argue that the only part of the
average NL system's knowledge that we can have
any faith in is its vocabulary and,...
... and c-aminobutyric acid) [7]. One
key reaction is the formation of c-aminobutyric acid
by decarboxylation of glutamate, catalysed by the two
isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase, GAD
65
and
GAD
67
, ... ubiquitously in mammalian tissues
[15]. Decreased activity of PKH leads inter alia to a
decreased availability of PLP for GAD, which cata-
lyses the formation of c-aminobutyric acid, the most
potent ... blood–brain barrier circula-
ting PLP has to be dephosphorylated again by mem-
brane-bound phosphatases (Fig. 2A) [13,14]. Inside the
brain a rephosphorylation to PLP takes place, again
catalysed...
... lexical sample format, which is an
XML–based format that has been used for both the
S
ENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL-3 exercises. A file in
this format includes a number of instances, each one
made up ... Poster and Demonstration Sessions,
pages 73–76, Ann Arbor, June 2005.
c
2005 Association for Computational Linguistics
SenseRelate::TargetWord – A Generalized Framework
for Word Sense Disambiguation
Siddharth ... Disambiguation, the ar-
chitecture and usage of SenseRelate::TargetWord,
and a description of the user interfaces (command
line and GUI).
2 The Framework
The package has a highly modular architecture....
... existing annotated data
in XML. Tools for editing annotations in the
abstract format, which automatically generate
virtual AML from Data Category and Dialect
Specifications, are already under development
in ... to
re-use language resources, and that standards for
linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly
mandatory. In particular, there is a need for a
general frameworkfor linguistic annotation that
is ... use of stand-off
annotationi.e., annotation that is
maintained in a document separate from the
primary (annotated) data.
7
The xlink attribute
uses the XML Path Language (XPath) (Clark
& DeRose,...
...
4 Information Structure and
Tactical Constraints
Entries in the eategorial lexicon have tactical con-
straints, grammatical and semantic features, and
phonological representation. Similar ... Multi-dimensional compo-
sitional functions as a basis for grammatical anal-
ysis. In R. T. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler,
editors, Categorial Grammars and Natural Lan-
guage Structures, D. Reidel, ...
INT-clear situation
'Very clear situation'
uzun
yol
long road
'long
road'
bu- ndan ba~ka
this-ABLATIVE other
'other than this'
ktz kedi-yi gSr-dii
girl cat-ACC...
... information absent
in surface utterances such as zero anaphora are
compensated for and in some cases multiple
analyses are disambiguated. (3-3), the surface
analysis of (3-2), is analyzed as ... diagrams an overview of the
procedure for translating speaker's meaning. In
contrast to a conventional machine translation
procedure, speaker's meaning can be analyzed
and generated, ... 180, JAPAN
Abstract
A frameworkfor translating speaker's
meaning or intention is proposed based on two
notions, Illocutionary Force Types (IFTs) for
analysis and Decision Parameters...
... not matching the available references are
evaluated as poor or bad translations.
The main objective of this work is to propose
and evaluate AM-FM, a semantic frameworkfor
assessing translation ... consistent, fast and cheap, automatic
evaluation has the major disadvantage of requiring
reference translations. This makes automatic eval-
uation not reliable in the sense that good transla-
tions ... evaluation dataset had to be used.
156
2 Related Work and Dataset
Although BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) has be-
come a de facto standard for machine translation
evaluation, other metrics such as...
... PEAS, the first
comparative evaluation framework for
parsers of French whose annotation
formalism allows the annotation of both
constituents and functional relations. A
test corpus containing an ... parses produced by
one parser from academia and another
one from industry in order to validate the
framework.
1 Introduction
In natural language understanding, many
complex applications use a ... different
lemma; it is annotated both with morpho-syntax
and grammatical functions.
4 Evaluation metrics
The first proposals for parser evaluation were
made in Parseval (Black et al., 1991). Carroll et
al....