solution principles of communication

... Vector Form of the NLDE 12.4.2 Recursive Solutions of NLDE-Scalar Case 12.4.3 General Form of Multistep Methods 12.4.4 Accuracy and Stability of Numerical Integration Methods 12.4.5 Solution of Higher-Order ... for Simulation of the Analog Portion of the System 11.2.2 Summary of Methodology for Simulating the Analog Portion of the System 11.2.3 Estimation of the Coded BER 11.2.4 Estimation of Voice-Quality ... Testing of Key Components 1.5.3 Completion of the Hardware Prototype and Validation of the Simulation Model 1.5.4 End -of- Life Predictions 1.6 Software Packages for Simulation 1.7 A Word of Warning...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 21:10

... a0 b L c a1 Signal-flow graph Exponent of D: Hamming weight of encoder output on that branch Exponent of L: number of nonzero message bits 29 Free distance of a conv code  State equations: b = ... Free distance of a conv code      Performance of a conv code depends on decoding algorithm and distance properties of the code Free distance, denoted by dfree, is a measure of code’ s ability ... +   Output sequence of path (1001111) Output polynomial of path 2: c ( ) ( D ) = m( D ) g ( ) ( D ) = ( D + D + 1)( D + 1) = D6 + D + D5 + D3 + D +  Output sequence of path (1111101) Example(3/8)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 21:20

... p( x j ) p( x j ) units of information  The base of the logarithm     10 →the measure of information is hartley e →the measure of information is nat →the measure of information is bit Examples ... bits required = log 32 = bits! Therefore H(X) = number of bits required to represent a random event How many bits are needed for: Outcome of a coin toss “tomorrow is a Wednesday” US tops Winter ... descriptor length Entropy = uncertainty of a random variable Joint and conditional entropy Joint entropy: H(X,Y) = ∑x ∑y p(x,y) log p(x,y)  simple extension of entropy to RVs  Conditional Entropy:...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2016, 21:08

... đặc biệt để khắc phục ảnh hưởng nhiễu Hai khía cạnh đưa Shannon báo “A Maththemathical Theroy of Communication xuất năm 1948 Bell System Technical Journal - nơi đưa lý thuyết thông tin Shannon ... định lý quan trọng cho kỹ sư truyền thông Tài liệu tham khảo C E Shannon "A Mathematical Theory of Communication. " Bell System Technical Journal, Vol 27, 1948 Tất kỹ sư truyền thông phải đọc báo...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:13

... PRINCIPLES OF SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS This page intentionally left blank PRINCIPLES OF SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS By DON TORRIERI ... decoding sphere of radius Let is the number of sequences of Hamming weight that lie within a decoding sphere of radius associated with a particular codeword of weight Then Consider sequences of weight ... probability of an error in a specific set of positions that results in a specific set of erroneous symbols is For an undetected error to occur at the output of a bounded-distance decoder, the number of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 06:20

... of Digitally Modulated Signals 4.9.1 Psd of a Complex Envelope 4.9.2 Psd of QAM 4.9.3 Psd of PSK 4.9.4 Psd of OQPSK 4.9.5 Psd of 4.9.6 Psd of OFDM 4.9.7 Psd of Full Response CPM 4.9.7.1 Psd of ... http://www.epubcn.org Principles of Mobile Communication Second Edition This page intentionally left blank Principles of Mobile Communication Second Edition Gordon L Stüber Georgia Institute of Technology ... requires a shadow margin of 5.6 dB With soft handoffs, the required shadow margin is 1.8 dB The difference of 3.8 dB represents the soft handoff gain The corresponding hard handoff gain is about 2.8...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 03:20

... center of this model lies in the health territory, which is straddling the outer core of the zone of order and the inner edge of chaos (Fig 2, 3) The health territory is an active space of 165 ... nonlinear dynamical system following the principles of organized complexity; stable boundaries depend on the efficacy of resetting mechanisms Outside of the boundaries of a well-functioning system’s health ... edge of chaos A singularity of oscillation is an imaginary fixed point of the pendulum-like movements Embryonic stem cell renewals may serve as an example of such repetitious endless cycles of...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... Underlying such failures is often a lack of understanding of some of the key principles of service marketing and management Technological change affects many other types of services, too, from airfreight ... not-for-profit basis, but forprofit versions of each type of institution also exist CHAPTER ONE WHY STUDY SERVICES? MARKETING SERVICES VERSUS PHYSICAL GOODS The dynamic environment of services ... nature of these interactions strongly influences the customer's perceptions of service quality 14 Customers often judge the quality of the service they receive largely on their assessment of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/02/2013, 09:52

... xác nhận quốc tế nguyên tắc luật hợp đồng Sự đời "Nguyên tắc Hợp đồng Thương mại Quốc tế " (Principles of International Commercial Contracts (sau gọi PICC)), UNIDROIT đề xướng nhằm vào hướng phát ... Quốc tế mang lại HỘI ĐỒNG UNIDROIT LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Những Nguyên tắc Hợp đồng Thương mại Quốc tế (Principles of International Commercial Contracts-được viết tắt theo Tiếng Anh PICC) trình bày quy định ... Viên Buôn Bán Hànghoá quốc tế (United Nationsconvention on cotracts for the International Sale of Good-CISG) mớI nêu xuất xứ Về nội dung, Nguyên tắc Hợp đồng Thương mại Quốc tế UNIDROIT soạn...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2013, 08:02

... price of cheese affects the average price of pizza and the amount of pizza sold, then the diversity of pizza prices is probably not important.The simple model of the pizza market does a good job of ... Bureau of Economic Analysis (a part of the U.S Department of Commerce) from a large number of primary data sources.The goal of GDP is to summarize in a single number the dollar value of economic ... which equals the sum of wages and profit—the top half of the circular flow of dollars GDP is also the total expenditure on purchases of bread—the bottom half of the circular flow of dollars.To compute...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2013, 11:22

... pounds of potatoes If you give me of those pounds, I’ll give you pounds of meat in return In the end, you’ll get to eat pounds of potatoes and pounds of meat every week, instead of the pounds of ... pounds of meat and pounds of potatoes After I give you pounds of meat in exchange for pound of potatoes, I’ll have 21 pounds of meat and pounds of potatoes In the end, I will also get more of both ... sources of income, including compensation of employees, corporate profits, and so on A slice of the pie represents each source’s share of the total The bar graph in panel (b) compares a measure of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2013, 11:22

... market offer a return of 7%, then Cost of capital = r = 7% 16 Valuing an Office Building Step 3: Discount future cash flows PV = C1 (1+r) = 400 (1+.07) = 374 Step 4: Go ahead if PV of payoff exceeds ... higher rate of return w Higher required rates of return cause lower PVs PV of C1 = $400 at 7% 400 PV = = 374 + 07 19 Risk and Present Value PV of C1 = $400 at 12% 400 PV = = 357 + 12 PV of C1 = $400 ... of C1 = $400 at 7% 400 PV = = 374 + 07 20 Rate of Return Rule w Accept investments that offer rates of return in excess of their opportunity cost of capital Example In the project listed below,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2013, 11:32

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2013, 14:26

... share of their business Customer-perceived value The customer’s evaluation of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer relative to those of competing offers ... blend of skills uniquely suited to writing an introductory marketing text Professor Kotler is one of the world’s leading authorities on marketing Professor Armstrong is an award-winning teacher of ... influential business writer/guru” of the twenty-first century Dr Kotler has served as chairman of the College on Marketing of the Institute of Management Sciences, a director of the American Marketing...

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2013, 15:16

... within • Role of modern managers Learning Outcomes • Upon completion of this module, you should be module able to comprehend: – Fundamental functions of management – Skills profile of an effective ... skills required of a manager is the importance of managing people p f g gp p Defining Management: Art of Getting Things Done through People (C) • Management is – the process of achieving organisational ... four functions of planning, organising, leading and controlling – the process of planning, organising, leading and p p g, g g, g controlling the work of organisation members and of using all available...

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:55