solar cell fabrication and performance

... of Si and GaAs Solar Cells 66 2.6 Critical Design and Performance Parameters for Silicon and Gallium Arsenide Solar Cells 66 2.7 Solar Cell Design Guidelines and Optimum Performance ... Photovoltaic Cells and Solar Panels 254 8.9.3 Reliability and Operating Life of Solar Cells and Panels 254 8.9.4 Performance Degradation in Solar Cells, Solar Panels, and Inverters ... Material Used in the Fabrication of CIS and CIGS Solar Cells .147 5.3.1.4 Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells 148 5.3.1.5 Solar Cells Using Thin Films of CdHgTe 150 5.3.2 MIS Solar Cells .154...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:41

... contributions HK fabricated the cells and wrote the paper HK and HC did the characterization and imaging of the solar cells SH and YK helped design the experimental study and advised on the project ... dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Nano 2010, 4:6203-6211 11 Li P, Wu J, Lin J, Huang M, Huang Y, Li Q: High -performance and low platinum loading Pt/carbon black counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells ... 535-bisTBA, Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland) with a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L in ethanol for a period of 36 h at room temperature After that time, the TiO2 electrode and counter electrode were sandwiched...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... enhanced by 6.15 and 2.75% for the devices with as-grown QDs and annealed QDs, respectively Comparing Figures and 3, one can see that the solar response spectra of samples C and D with annealed ... the devices and COMcP carried out electronic characterization of the devices ETY and DMS conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination All authors read and approved ... GaInP/GaInAs/Ge multijunction solar cells Appl Phys Lett 2007, 90:183516 McPheeters CO, Hill CJ, Lim SH, Derkacs D, Ting DZ, Yu ET: Improved performance of In(Ga)As quantum dot solar cells via light scattering...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... contributions HK fabricated the cells and wrote the paper HK and HC did the characterization and imaging of the solar cells SH and YK helped design the experimental study and advised on the project ... dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Nano 2010, 4:6203-6211 11 Li P, Wu J, Lin J, Huang M, Huang Y, Li Q: High -performance and low platinum loading Pt/carbon black counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells ... 535-bisTBA, Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland) with a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L in ethanol for a period of 36 h at room temperature After that time, the TiO2 electrode and counter electrode were sandwiched...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... structure and believed to increase the solar cell performance as compared to solar cell w/SLAR structure To investigate the performance of silicon nitride SWS before fabricating on a real silicon solar ... (VOC) and efficiency (g) for a solar cell structure based on the standard PC1D template for a low cost silicon solar cell The silicon material was set to p-type with resistivity of 1.008 X cm and ... can be seen for silicon solar cell with silicon nitride SWS over a cell with single layer silicon nitride ARCs and only 0.3% less in efficiency than the DLAR coated solar cell, which is believed...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... indoor measurement standard to characterise bifacial solar cells and modules This thesis focuses on characterisation and standardisation of bifacial solar cells and modules, and on performance evaluation ... solar cells, multi-junction solar cells, heterojunction solar cells, etc [15-18] However, the advanced solar cell concepts lead to an increase in cell complexity, additional processing steps and ... modules [32-34] Rating and standardisation: No standard method is available to rate the bifacial cells and modules using indoor measurements [35] Bifacial solar cell (and module) fabrication: Additional...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:13

... of solar cell designs have already been demonstrated [4], ranging from monocrystalline/multicrystalline solar cells, thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells, tandem cells, concentrator cells ... for front emitter cells (left) and for rear emitter cells (right) Four solar cell structures are compared: hybrid(a-Si) cells, hybrid(µc-Si) cells, conventional diffused cells, and conventional ... corresponding solar cell performance is compared to conventional full-area contacted heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells and to conventional diffused solar cells, for both front-emitter and rear-emitter...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:15

... Research and Applications, 2005 13(2): p 141-148 60 Krebs, F.C., Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: A review of printing and coating techniques Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, ... crystalline silicon solar cells Table 1.2 Comparison of various types of solar cells and their challenges[4, 30] acells with active area of at least cm2 Efficiency (%) Solar Cell Type Cella Challenges ... Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011 15(9): p 4972-4981 18 Tao, C.S., J.C Jiang, and M Tao, Natural resource limitations to terawatt-scale solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... Substrates 2.5 Solar Cells on Foreign Substrates 2.5.1 Options for Solar Cell Fabrication 2.5.2 Solar Cells on Model Substrates 2.5.3 Solar Cells on Low Cost Substrates 2.6 Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments ... Reflector 1.4 Epitaxial Solar Cell Results and Analysis 1.4.1 Laboratory Type Epitaxial Solar Cells 1.4.2 Industrial Epitaxial Solar Cells 1.4.3 Special Epitaxial Solar Cell Structures 1.5 High ... Thin Film Solar Cells Fabrication, Characterization and Applications Edited by Jef Poortmans and Vladimir Arkhipov IMEC, Leuven, Belgium Thin Film Solar Cells Fabrication, Characterization and Applications...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2016, 10:27

... efficiency (%) 100 100 0 1000 1000 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) [3] D.C Johnson et al Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2005 Giải thích MQW DBR  Các photon bị hấp thụ lần thứ hai làm giảm dòng...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2012, 08:28

... results of Suter parameters [6] and Derakhshan [5] with one experimental performance curve for a real PAT operating as a pump and turbine mode The variation of head, power and efficiency with the discharge ... density and ω the rotational speed Suter parameters give information for both the turbine and the pump mode for few available pumps, and the Derakhshan model predicts information for the turbine performance ... downstream and closure of a valve upstream Some results by Ramos et al are available for the first case and guide vane closure of a turbine, and they were obtained in lab conditions and compared...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... porosity 90%, corrugated copper band, corrugated perforated aluminum band and copper cassette Dhaou et al [8] used the finned heat exchange system inside the reactor and revealed that the absorption/desorption ... heat and mass transfer process in a metal hydride bed From Jemni and Ben Nasrallah [9, 10] studies, two dimensional heat and mass transfer within a metal hydride reactor for both absorption and ... hydride powder and thermal management The heat and mass transfer model through metal hydride beds is a complicated phenomenon and heat transfer models including conduction, convection and radiation...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... flow and binary capacity depends on the size of the rod when compared to the size of the handle There is an advantage in using the largest possible rod and in reducing the length of the handle ... observed, depending on head and discharge coefficients, in order to cover a large range of applications (Graphics and 2) Graphic Variation of the discharge and head number and efficiency for different ... several plans by sectioning the entrances and exists of the flow, the upstream and downstream runner and other plans where it was difficult to understand the behaviour of the fluid inside the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... the prediction of the combustion and performance characteristics of the C.I engine and further work is required for modeling engine emissions The combustion and performance results for B20% (by ... and biodiesel 5.4 Parametric study The results of combustion characteristics and performance parameters are presented with variable compression ratio started from 12 up to19 for both diesel and ... for diesel and biodiesel are approximate, as C13.77H23.44 and C19H35O2 respectively [8, 9] The combustion model is developed for the C.I engine and suitable for any hydrocarbon fuel and their...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... independent variables (load and injection timing) and dependent variables are shown in the Figures and the overall effects of injection timing on combustion, engine performance and emissions are discussed ... International Journal of Energy and Environment, Vol.1, Issue (2010) pp 343-350 D Agarwal and A.K Agarwal Performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha oil (preheated and blends) in a direct ... measurements, process indicator and engine indicator Provision is also made for online measurement of temperature of -exhaust, -cooling water and -calorimeter water inlet and outlet and load on the engine...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... Lawrenson, P.J and Agu, L.A Theory and Performance of Polyphase Reluctance Machines Proc IEE, 111(8), pp 1435-1445, 1964 [2] Lawrenson, P.J and Gupta, S.K Developments in the Performance and Theory ... A.J.O., and Menzies, R.W and Anderson, A.F Theory and Performance of Reluctance Motors With Axially Laminated Anisotropic Rotors Proc IEE, 118(7), pp 887-894, 1971 [4] Cruickshank, A.I.O and Menzies, ... distribution of magnetic and non-magnetic materials can result in high saliency ratio and also high (Ld-Lq), a pre-requisite for improved performance The inductances and the performance of one such...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... experience and performance, organizational tenure and performance, and age and performance The expected non-linear relationships suggest that observed correlations in studies are not random samplings ... variables and performance Page 21 Time and Performance CAHRS WP 01-05 In the first set of analyses, all three relationships under consideration - experience /performance, tenure /performance, and age/ performance are ... understanding of generalizable changes of performance over time, this paper examines the nature of the relationship between performance and time over the span of employees’ careers Page Time and Performance...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... to cell E2 On the Ribbon, click the Home tab In the Cells group, click Format The Lock Cell command is enabled if the active cell is locked (see Figure 8-3) To unlock the cells, click Lock Cell ... TABLE SECURITY, LIMITS, AND PERFORMANCE Open the PivotPwd.xlsx file, and refresh the pivot table, entering the password when prompted Select a cell in the pivot table, and on the Ribbon, click ... unlocking cells where changes can be made Then, turn on the worksheet protection 157 158 CHAPTER ■ PIVOT TABLE SECURITY, LIMITS, AND PERFORMANCE To prepare the sheet, follow these steps: Select any cells...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2013, 12:20

... Group and Show Detail ➤ Group ■ Note If the date field contains blank cells, or cells with text, you won’t be able to group the dates Choose a time period for grouping For example, select Days, and ... PM Page 203 9.6 ■ UNDERSTANDING LIMITS: TEXT TRUNCATED IN A PIVOT TABLE CELL that can be placed in the row and column areas For column field items, the limit is 32,768, and for row field items, ... Understanding Limits: Text Truncated in a Pivot Table Cell Problem One of the fields in your pivot table’s data source contains comments about the sales order Some of the comments are quite long, and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/10/2013, 22:20

... easier to identify whether performance is at the levels expected if standards are set Ideally, the standards of performance expected will be discussed and agreed with teams and individuals in the ... Managing people and performance 157 MAKING REQUIREMENTS EXPLICIT Performance requirements need to be explicit if the performance of the project team is to be measured against a standard It is much ... scenarios A very successful and high-achieving team still needs some support and attention The work of the team still has to be organized and supervised and the level of performance acknowledged...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 08:20