... with machine
learning algorithms that perform classification, clustering and pattern induction
tasks.
• Having a good annotation scheme and accurate annotations are critical for machine
learning ... that this is where you start for
designing the features that go into your learning algorithm. The better the features, the
better the performance of the machinelearning algorithm!
Preparing ... particular problem or phenomenon that has sparked
your interest, for which you will need to label natural language data for training for
machine learning. Consider two kinds of problems. First imagine...
... correspond.
To solve the former problem, we apply a maxi-
mum entropy model to Knight and Marcu’s model
to introduce machinelearning features that are de-
fined not only for CFG rules but also for other
characteristics ... 850–857,
Sydney, July 2006.
c
2006 Association for Computational Linguistics
Trimming CFG Parse Trees for Sentence Compression Using Machine
Learning Approaches
Yuya Unno
1
Takashi Ninomiya
2
Yusuke ... cre-
ate a compression forest as Knight and Marcu did.
We select the tree assigned the highest probability
from the forest.
Features in the maximum entropy model are de-
fined for a tree node and...
... systems
adopting the standard machinelearning approach,
outperforming them by as much as 4–7% on the
three data sets for one of the performance metrics.
2 Related Work
As mentioned before, our approach ... pages 104–111.
J. R. Quinlan. 1993. C4.5: Programs for Machine
Learning. Morgan Kaufmann.
W. M. Soon, H. T. Ng, and D. Lim. 2001. A machine
learning approach to coreference resolution of noun
phrases. ... ranker underper-
forms the perfect ranker by about 5% for BNEWS
and 3% for both NPAPER and NWIRE in terms
of F-measure, suggesting that the supervised ranker
still has room for improvement. Moreover,...
... (Daelemans et al., 2004) for Memory-
Based Learning, the MaxEnt Toolkit (Le, 2004)
for Maximum Entropy and LIBSVM (Chang and
Lin, 2001) for Support Vector Machines. For
TiMBL we used k nearest ... performance
for gold-standard trees
scoring 89.34% on accuracy and 86.87% on f-
score. The learning curves for the three algo-
rithms, shown in Figure 4, are also informative,
with SVM outperforming ... memory-based learning to
perform various graph transformations. One of the
transformations is node relabelling, which adds
function tags to parser output. They report an f-
score of 88.5% for the...
... that machine learn-
ing can be applied to develop good auto-
matic evaluation metrics formachine trans-
lated sentences. This paper further ana-
lyzes aspects of learning that impact per-
formance. ... criteria. Machinelearning af-
fords a unified framework to compose these crite-
ria into a single metric. In this paper, we have
demonstrated the viability of a regression approach
to learning ... and Chris Brockett.
2001. A machinelearning approach to the automatic eval-
uation of machine translation. In Proceedings of the 39th
Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Lin-
guistics,...
... used to build a
machine learning process. The notion of observing data, learning from it, and then
automating some process of recognition is at the heart of machinelearning and forms
the primary ... exploring machinelearning with
R! Before we proceed to the case studies, however, we will review some R functions
and operations that we will use frequently.
R Basics forMachine Learning
As ... message that is printed when you draw the
R forMachineLearning | 19
www.it-ebooks.info
With the function defined, we will use the lapply function, short for “list-apply,” to
iterate this function...
... 2005.
c
2005 Association for Computational Linguistics
Using Emoticons to reduce Dependency in
Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Classification
Jonathon Read
Department of Informatics
University ... best-
performing settings for the Na
¨
ıve Bayes classifier
was a window context of 130 tokens taken from the
largest training set of 22,000 articles. Similarly, the
best performance for the SVM ... language-style dependency.
Also, note that neither machine- learning model
consistently out-performs the other. We speculate
that this, and the generally mediocre performance of
the classifiers, is due (at...
... r).
4
The joint probability model can be formulated, if desired,
as a language model times a channel model.
Learning Non-Isomorphic Tree Mappings forMachine Translation
Jason Eisner, Computer ... estimate a model from unaligned data.
4 A Probabilistic TSG Formalism
For expository reasons (and to fill a gap in the literature),
first we formally present non-synchronous TSG. Let Q be
a set of ... statistical formalisms (limited to isomorphic
trees), synchronous TSG allows local distortion of the tree topol-
ogy. We reformulate it to permit dependency trees, and sketch
EM/Viterbi algorithms for...
... Califf and R. J. Mooney. 2004. Bottom-Up Rela-
tional Learning of Pattern Matching Rules for Infor-
mation Extraction. Journal of MachineLearning Re-
search, MIT Press.
W. Drozdzynski, H U.Krieger, ... 584–591,
Prague, Czech Republic, June 2007.
c
2007 Association for Computational Linguistics
A Seed-driven Bottom-up MachineLearning Framework
for Extracting Relations of Various Complexity
Feiyu ... patterns, the learning system is not re-
stricted to a particular linguistic representation and
is therefore suitable for various linguistic analysis
methods and representation formats. The...
... similar.
3 Ellipsis Resolution by Machine
Learning
Since a huge text corpus has become widely
available, the machine- learning approach has
been utilized for some problems in natural lan- ... positional information,
i.e., search space of morphemes from the target
predicate. Positional information can be one of
five kinds: before, at the latest, here, next, and
afterward. For example, ... 'ga(v.)' case, except for a few attributes.
6 Conclusion and Future Work
This paper proposed a method for resolving the
ellipsis that appear in Japanese dialogues. A
machine- learning algorithm...
... of AI systems to conform to new
knowledge is impractical, but machinelearning metho ds mightbe
able to trackmuchofit.
1.1.2 Wellsprings of Machine Learning
Workinmachine learning is nowconverging ... design time. Machinelearning metho ds can b e used for
on-the-job improvement of existing machine designs.
The amount of knowledge available ab out certain tasks mightbe
to o large for explicit ... could have done b efore. We
can contrast sp eed-up learning with metho ds that create gen
uinely new
functions|ones that might give dierent results after learning than they
did b efore. Wesay that...