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... Guide Chapter 1: General Information 1: General Information Introduction Asian 2003 is a software program for the Next Generation Information System (NGIS) tool. With the software installed in the ... enter new information for a vehicle, go to step 4 and then step 6. • To reuse saved information for a vehicle already tested go to step 5 and then step 6. 4 To enter new information for a vehicle, ... (see Figure 3.2 on page 16). 4 Software Description Asian 2003 User Guide Software Description Software Installation Before using the Asian 2003 software, the software must be installed in the...

... chain, it is relatively easy for the system to identify the verb-object collocation break-record. 5 Conclusion Demand for terminological tools for readers of material in a foreign language, either ... L stands for the possibly empty list of left constituents, X for the (possibly empty) head of the phrase and R for the (possibly empty) list of right constituents. The possible values for X are ... position the cursor on the specific word for which help is requested, or navigate word by word in the sentence. • For each word, the system retrieves from the tagged information the relevant lexeme and consults...

... need before you start to design a logical hierarchy: 1. Format How you format your logical hierarchy is up to you, but your engineering team should decide how you want it represented before ... major (or expensive) changes should be reserved for your next revision. Go further: For more information on accessibility tools and declarations of conformance, go to http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=150842. ... Engineering Software for Accessibility 2 WinEvents used in MSAA, UIA Events use a subscription mechanism, rather than a broadcast mechanism, to obtain information. UIA Clients register for UIA...

... for Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, no data available for E. coli; b value for Lupinus luteus and bovine, no data available for E. coli; c value for Paracoccus denitrificans, no data available for ... acids chosen for hCypA labelling were 50 l M for [ 15 N]Trp and [ 15 N]Tyr, 150 l M for [ 15 N]Ile, [ 15 N]Thr and [ 15 N]His, 0.35 m M for remaining Group II [ 15 N]amino acids, and 1m M for those ... tam- ford, N.P.J., Lilley, P .E. & Dixon, N.E. (1990) M odified bacter- iophage lambda promoter vectors for overproduction of proteins in Escherichia c oli. Gene 87, 123–126. 23. Bradford,...

... the Raisin and at Fort Meigs. He ordered his redcoats to carry Fort Stephenson. Again and again they marched forward until all the officers had been shot down and a fifth of the force was dead or ... massacres at Fort Dearborn, the river Raisin, and Fort Meigs, the murders along the frontier, and the campaign of 1813 were the prices paid for the Indian lands in the Wabash Valley." Before the ... to destroy the British force, and in this the adventure failed. General Dearborn was not at all reconciled to letting the garrison of Fort George get clean away from him, and he therefore sent General...

... All men are equal before the law, as before God. The life and the livelihood of a minor- ity of one enjoys the same respect as the lives and liveli- hoods of majorities, for such rights are, as set forth in the Declaration ... force. It is this kind of force I call strife or violence. The force you would employ to repel the violence I would call defensive force. Try to think of a single instance where aggressive force -strife or violence-is morally warranted. There is none. Violence ... reliance on political authoritarianism ad- vances, a faith in free men suffers erosion and, finally, ob- literation. It would seem to follow that there is no remedy for our current devolution except as a faith in free men be re- ANYTHING THAT'S PEACEFUL some...

... not check for errors internally. The error output parameter RET_VAL is not used. Manual Mode in Two/Three-Step Control Modes Error Information Function Blocks 3-10 Standard Software for S7-300 ... values. The block does not check for errors internally. The error output parameter RET_VAL is not used. Modes Error Information Function Blocks Index-2 Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 – PID ... Loop Block call and Connection Function Blocks vi Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 – PID Control C79000-G7076-C516-01 3-16 Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 – PID Control C79000-G7076-C516-01 An...

... connections only exist for S7 communication. For more information, see "S7-400 H Programmable Controller, Fault-Tolerant Systems."). If a loss of redundancy occurs for additional fault- tolerant ... number. Contains no further information. Copy and Block Functions System Software for S7-300/400 System and Standard Functions A5E00261410-01 3-9 Error Information Error Code (W#16# ... resource bottleneck. 8xyy General error information, see Evaluating Errors with the Output Parameter RET_VAL Organization Blocks System Software for S7-300/400 System and Standard Functions...

... Error Information for values other than W#160000 *Double word pointer format for area-crossing register indirect addressing Description Parameters Table Functions 5-14 Standard Software for S7-300 ... Error Information for values other than W#16#0000 *Double word pointer format for area-crossing register indirect addressing Description Parameters Table Functions 7-2 Standard Software for S7-300 ... (WRD_TBL) Error Information Example Table Functions 1-10 Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 Standard Functions Part 2 A5E00066867-03 Bit Lo g ic Functions 6-13 Standard Software for S7-300 and...

... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... Support services Useful if you don't have your  own support resources Long term support commitment,  even for versions considered as  obsolete by the community, but  not by your users! 44 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Commercial toolsets Caution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary! Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code  available to their users, and most of the time, to the community. As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL  doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party. No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the  community. Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their  licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a  customer to know or get a free preview kit to know. 35 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Various tools 34 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Emulators ­ Summary System emulators Useful to experiment with a full system, including the kernel qemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mips SkyEye: several arm architectures User emulators Useful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUs qemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips 20 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (2) Coldfire Code Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU/Linux and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfire PowerPC Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux and EABI) http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html 49 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Sysgo ­ Koan Software http://sysgo.com ELinOS development toolset, in particular based on Eclipse and the Linux Trace Toolkit. Includes FreeToolBox, a freely  downloadable compiling and rootfs  creating toolchain. Supports i386, arm and ppc. Hard real­time support with their own  microkernel (PikeOS), an approach similar to RTAI. http://koansoftware.com Makers of KaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial  applications. KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm  platforms. Other platforms supported upon  request. Includes several graphical toolkits and  supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai,  preemption patches). Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not  available for public download. 16 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Standalone toolchain build Building a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task!  Can take days or weeks! Lots of details to learn. Several components to build (building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library). Lots of decisions to make (such as C library version and configuration for your platform) Need kernel headers and C library sources Need to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platform Useful to be familiar with building and configuring tools http://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdf can show you how fun it can be! 21 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchain building utilities Buildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/ Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchains and even entire root filesystems. Downloads sources and applies patches. Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/ Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchains Doesn’t support uClibc yet. Downloads sources and applies patches. 26 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchains ­ useful resources eLinux.org toolchain page: http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains 29 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Emulators 8 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 glibc http://www.gnu.org /software/ libc/ License: LGPL C library from the GNU project Designed for performance, standards compliance and  portability Found on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems: about 1.7 MB on  Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB) 36 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 chroot Available in all GNU/Linux distributions Usage: chroot <dir> [command] Runs a command or an interactive shell with a special root directory. Standard usage: Internet servers Services executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system. Usage for embedded system development: Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host. Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set. Used by LFS (Linux From Scratch). Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent. / bin lib etc http / lib etc bin chroot jail ...