small organic molecules as drugs and prodrugs

... technical and administrational staffs of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Last but not the least; I would like to thank my family for their forever understanding and support ... discussion and help throughout my work and their valuable comments to this thesis as fellow scientists I am thankful for the research scholarship from National University of Singapore, and the assistance ... *COOH Pathway when Adsorption as *COOH is Least Affected by H* and *O-species 2S4 Observations of *OCHO* as an Inhibiting Species at High Potentials 50 2S5 *CHO as one of Surface Blocking Species...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2015, 13:38

... H, but to other C's, as well as to N, O, or X These compounds include alkanes (C and H), haloalkanes (C, H, and X), alcohols and ethers (C, H, and O), and amines (C, H, and N) [graphic 1.5] (4,5,9,11,12/98)(1,9,10/99) ... reactions are the core of organic chemistry They convert one class of organic molecules into another class and permit the synthesis of new molecules from those which already exist Organic chemical reactions ... petroleum and natural gas and have a variety of commercial uses Examples are methane (CH4 ) (the major component of natural gas) and propane (CH3 CH2 CH3 ) that are cooking and heating fuels Gasoline,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... the aims According to Józsa and Tárkányi (2005) small shoe and clothing shops apply seasonal sales to boost sales and remove the stock H4a: Discounts (price-offs) and seasonal sales are the most ... relevance of each method and homoscedasticity and normality In case of factor analysis the multicollienarity between variables and the homogeneity of the sample was considered In case of cluster analysis ... customers in case of purchasing of over-clothes, the hedonic and utilitarian benefits of incentives whether purchasing over-clothes is characteristic of consumers and finally the demographic and psychographic...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:21

... LND, CD437, and BA was the result of MPT induction, the ΔΨ dissipation as a consequence of a or 24 hour-long treatment with the drugs was analyzed As shown in Figure 4, all the selected drugs were ... Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) mutation/deletion and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification/overexpression [5] EGFR has been found overexpressed in a number of GBMs [6] and has ... potently inhibit the growth of neuroectodermal tumors, such as neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma cell lines [26] as well as several human carcinoma [27] Although the protein target...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and gas physisorption measurement, etc 1.3 C–C coupling reactions  Traditional routes to access propargylamines often suffer from disadvantages such as hard ... techniques such as PXRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, ICP-MS and nitrogen physisorption measurement 2.3 Results and discussions 2.3.1 Synthesis and characterization of Cu3 (BTC)2  The synthesis yield was approximately ... field of organic synthesis, expanding applications of these porous metal -organic frameworks from the gas separation and storage to catalysis The fact that available CuMOFs could be used as recyclable...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2015, 17:07

... members of NUS who has involved in both comprehensive and oral qualifying exam, particularly Associate Professor Dr Bai Renbi, Associate Professor Dr Balasubramanian Rajasekhar, Associate Professor ... Humic and fulvic acids are differentiated by their solubility in acid and base Humic acid is soluble in base but insoluble in acid (< pH 2) whereas fulvic acid dissolves in both acid and base ... ozone gas through ultrapure water using gas washing bottles cooled in an ice bath Ozone gas was generated by the Anseros ozone generator (Model COM-AD-02) using pure oxygen as the feed gas Residual...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:08

... Si(100)-2×1 and Si(111)-7×7 surfaces On the basis of fundamental understanding of silicon surface chemistry of halogenated organic molecules, a second covalently bonded organic layer was grafted ... can act as reactive sites in the adsorption reaction between organic molecules and silicon surfaces Functionalization of Si surfaces with organic molecules depends on the detailed understanding ... surfaces, such as phonon vibrations and vibrational modes of adsorbed molecules on the surface, as well as the surface geometry [203] The dielectric theory was first proposed in 1970s by Lucas et al...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:43

... mixture was stirred at RT for h The as- obtained mixture was filtered and the solid phase was washed times using ethanol Yield: 86% 2.2.4 Synthesis of PyFc1 230 mg of the as- prepared PyFc2 and excess ... filtration and washing with water The as- obtained solid was recrystallized using THF and water Yield: 79% 2.3 Results and Discussions First of all, we measured the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence ... Abstract Graphene, as a two dimensional macromolecule, can be non-covalently functionalized by organic small molecules as well as inorganic nanoparticles to form graphene...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 14:23

... past few decades, much effort has been devoted to developing nanotechnology for drug delivery because of its suitability and feasibility in delivering small molecular weight drugs, as well as ... absorption barriers imposed by gastrointestinal tract (Sinha and Trehan, 2003) There are several of enzymes such as gastric proteases and pancreatic proteases in gastrointestinal tract which can ... Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide and Asn-Gly-Arg tripeptide, are often readily available, inexpensive to manufacture and easy to handle However, their specificity for the target tissue may not be as good as...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 22:41

... provided by the candidates Information gained by interviewing and talking with candidates Recommendations and comments from other people who know or who have worked with the candidates ©Ian Sommerville ... case study The nex t stage is to try and find peop le from within the company with the necessary skills Howev er, the company has expanded significantly and has few staff available The best that ... This may provide an indicator of the basic fundamentals that the candidate should know and of their ability to learn This factor becomes increasingly irrelevant as engineers gain experience across...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2012, 11:41

... climate change and its attributed environmental and socio-economic consequences over past decades, particularly over the last several years, has led to a growing body of literature and increasing concern ... inflicted by disaster agents would increase dramatically given the proportionate increase of the vulnerability of communities and industrial assets driven by accelerated urbanization and economic ... literature and media as a major driver (and effect) of climate change and of global warming in particular Indeed, since the Industrial Revolution the mean surface temperature of Earth has increased...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... of disasters’ (Helmer and Hilhorst, 2006, p 2) Thus, as the intensity and frequency of disasters increases, it becomes a requirement for DRR and CCA also to increase resilience (Helmer and Hilhorst, ... post-disaster response can actually increase vulnerabilities in the long term (Anderson and Woodrow, 1998; Schipper and Pelling, 2006) Nonetheless, as the emphasis continues to shift from disaster ... renewal and transformation; and (3) and understanding ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS of change and uncertainty as inherent in social-ecological systems This statement strongly reflects the convergent aspects...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... scholars, and increase collaboration between the young and the seasoned within academic institutions, development and relief organizations and government We see this path, embedded in adaptive and ... Community-based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacitybuilding in the Philippines Disasters, 30(1) 81 – 101 Anderson, M B and Woodrow, P J., 1998 Rising from the Ashes Lynne ... construction Science and Public Policy, 30(4) 235 Helmer, M and Hilhorst, D J M., 2006 Natural disasters and climate change Disasters, 30(1) – Hogarth, R M and Kunreuther, H C., 1985 Ambiguity and insurance...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:56

... increasing activity in the basin the increase has occurred in the easternmost part of the basin, far from land The activity in areas where landfall takes place shows very similar trends to the landfall ... landfalls and damage Hurricanes in Named storms in Landfalling basin hurricanes Damage 0.87 0.46 0.27 * 0.52 0.42 * 0.58 0.45 * * 0.71 basin Hurricanes in basin Intense hurricanes in basin Landfalling ... hurricane season, and in each case predicting landfall numbers to be above average For these three years the number of landfalls was well below the historical mean in 2006 and 2007 and above average...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... target was increased from 60 per cent to at least 80 per cent and the scope was extended to cover not only CO2 but the full basket of Kyoto greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) ... increased by per cent per year since 2005, leading to a 12.5 per cent increase in the normalized data from the 2005 baseline 2006 had no hurricane landfalls, and thus no damage 2007 had one landfall, ... doi:10.1038/nature04477 Landsea, C W., 2007 Counting Atlantic Tropical Cyclones back to 1900 EOS, 88 197 and 202 Lonfat, M., Boissonnade, A and Muir-Wood, R., 2007 Atlantic Basin, US and Caribbean landfall rates...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... The Netherlands Natural disasters have increased in frequency and severity during the last few decades, causing considerable economic damage and loss of life A combination of climate and socio-economic ... arrangements such as insurance may contribute to the adaptation of societies to increasing risk and enhance economic resilience to disasters (Mills and Lecompte, 2006; Botzen and van den Bergh, ... HAZARDS 2009 killed over 200 people and damaged large pieces of land with devastating effects on wildlife The sharp increase in tempo and severity of the recent disasters made some leading academics...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... natural disaster risks 213 concentrations of greenhouse gases Future greenhouse gas emissions may rise rapidly due to the fast industrialization of Asian economies with increasing demands for energy ... disaster aimed at creating conditions within the human system that enhance this system’s resistance to disasters and its capacity to respond to, and cushion impacts of, ˇ a disaster (Handmer and ... step in assessing future risk Statistical models can be used to assess how frequencies and severities of natural disaster or disaster damage relate to variability in climate (e.g Saunders and Lea,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... change, for example, because of soil erosion and landslides resulting from more frequent and severe rains and floods The surface mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet may turn negative at a global ... Climate change and increased risk for the insurance sector: a global perspective and an assessment for the Netherlands Natural Hazards, forthcoming Botzen, W J W., Bouwer, L M and van den Bergh, ... catastrophe losses Workshop on ¨ Climate Change and Disaster Losses, P Hoppe and R A Jr Pielke, (eds) Hohenkammer, Germany Munich Re, 2009 Topics Geo Natural Catastrophes 2008: Analyses, Assessments,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57

... wetlands which perform essential hydrological, biological and chemical functions and which support and maintain the productivity and health of the river systems A number of the Basin wetlands ... framed as the villain was Queensland, which was blamed for taking too much water out of the system, in particular by South Australia, which was the most badly affected state As an example, Queensland ... context, and as such involve many twists and turns in which the states depending on the Basin for water supply (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 15:57