size genetic diversity and inbreeding

... illustrated by isolates belonging to the same serotype Ni2 and CI4, or, CI63 and BF1 isolates (Figure 3C, lanes and or and 5) We also noted that the diversity of silencing suppression displayed by these ... Virus isolates and inoculation We used 10 fully sequenced RYMV isolates belonging to different serogroups and representative of viral diversity in Africa (i.e with 9.9% maximum diversity) [19,23], ... plant at 35 or 40 dpi and separated into two independent samples before being ground for proteins (fluorimetry, ELISA and western) and RNA extractions Plasmid construction and biolistic delivery...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... led to more candidates for selection Male and female selection intensities (i! and iy) and generation intervals (L and L are shown in « ) Q table V The rate of inbreeding (per year and per generation) ... adverse effects of inbreeding (loss of genetic variability, loss of predictability of genetic gain and inbreeding depression) should be taken into account when optimum schemes for genetic improvement ... individuals and candidates for selection) and selection intensities for males and females; 4) generation intervals (average age of parents when offspring are born) for males and females; and 5) variance...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis These two isolates, 2008-07776 and 2008-00643, were collected in Taipei County in May and August, respectively Phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis ... summary, firstly, we described a genetic and antigenic diversity of EV-71 subgenogroups in Taiwan in 2008, including previously reported subgenogroups C5, B5, and C4, and one C2-like subgenogroup ... subgenogroups, and the potential of severe and fatal outbreaks on their way, it is a must to monitor the recombination events as well as antigenic and genetic evolution of EV-71 very attentively and carefully...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... 93.9%) between A1 and A2, and mean 97% (minimum 93.5%) between B1 and B2 The B2 lineage diverged more from the A lineages than the B1 lineage B2 mean identity with A1 and A2 was 86.7% and 89.7%, respectively, ... identity between and within all groups, with overall minimum identity of 93.7% and mean identity 96.3% Amino acid identity within major groups was 98.7% for A1 and A2, and 99.3% for B1 and B2 The minimum ... 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2001, as well as Netherlands in 1994 and Canada in 1998 and 2000 (Figure 2) Similar clustering of chronologically and geographically disparate sequences...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... Northern Europe, including Scandinavia and Great Britain (but excluding Ireland), and across Russia (Fig 1), provided an opportunity to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeography of SWSV ... contributions HJK performed molecular genetic studies and sequence and phylogenetic analyses Preliminary data were provided by SA and JWS AGH and JAC provided tissues and carried out the molecular identification ... similarities (%) of the partial S and L segments of SWSV mp70 and SWSV strains from Sorex araneus sampled in Finland and Hungary S segment Country District SWSV strain Finland Etelä-Suomen Lääni DGR18226...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... ancestor, depends on the effective population size In population genetics, genetic diversity is defined as θ = 2Neμ, where Ne is the effective population size and μ is the per nucleotide Page 15 of ... heterogeneity and estimates of genetic diversity and a positive selection pressure on gp41 sequences from mother-infant pairs Although gp41 plays an important role in viral replication and pathogenesis, ... Watterson and Coalesce methods, ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 and 0.01 to 0.03, respectively Among infant sets, the levels of genetic diversity ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 when estimated by both Watterson and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20

... sharing a late common ancestor and this small genetic variability might not represent the nature of Xcc genetic diversity To further determine the genetic variability and host specificity of Xcc, ... pepper ECW10R These genes are candidates of the three postulated avr genes avrRc1, avrRc3 and avrRp1 (Table 10) The candidates XC2004 and XC2084 are correlative to avrRc3 and have the same CC value ... between the strain-plant reaction and the gene distribution pattern of strains to screen avr candidates and then ascertained the avirulence function of the candidates by genetic experiments This strategy...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... research methods, evaluation on genetic diversity and identification molecular maker in Dendrobium species 1.3.1 The concept of genetic diversity Genetic diversity is the diversity of the composition ... communities and very important for humans 1.3.3 The method of evaluation on genetic diversity and indentification in plants 1.3.3.1 Methods based on morphological indicators Evaluation genetic diversity ... phylogenetic trees Location and duration - Location and time study: Department of Genetic Engineering - Institute of Agricultural Genetics - Duration: From 2010 to 2014 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:47

... to the total genetic diversity were mostly consistent across Caballero and Toro’s and Petit’s approaches, taking into account the within- and between-populations genetic diversity and allelic ... on population size and structure, geographical distribution, the environmental production, the historic and cultural values of the breeds, and within- and between-breed genetic diversity as well ... Ne can be estimated from the rate of inbreeding in the population and linked to the genetic diversity and therefore reflect the real risk status Rate of inbreeding is used as a criterion for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/05/2016, 21:05

... haematological and clinical biochemical parameters [7, 11] and on genetic loci [5, 6!, to characterize this breed A small and homogeneous population, has important problems derived from inbreeding ... population size (N inbreeding coefficient and probability of gene origin ), e The N computation was obtained from the formula proposed by [9] e where Nand N are, respectively, adults males and females ... the generation lengths of males and females in our breed 3.1.2 Family size variances Progeny size was 4.0 t 4.82 per stallion and 2.28 ! 1.34 per jenny The family size distribution for males is...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... to CBS 2590 3.3 Karyotyping In Fig and Table 2, only the CHEF karyotypes and estimated sizes of chromosomal DNA bands of the type strains of Hanseniaspora and Kloeckera species are presented ... contains the species H occidentalis, H vineae and H osmophila; group II H uvarum and H guilliermondii, and groups III and IV comprise H valbyensis and K lindneri, respectively Most of the examined ... of six to nine chromosomal fragments, ranging in size from 2200 to 600 kb Doublet bands occurred at ca 1100 and 1000 kb and the average genome size is an estimated 9.6 Mb The most apparent di¡erences...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 08:41

... identification of cultivars and varieties, introgression studies, determination of parentage, phylogenetic analysis, and construction of genetic maps Among them Random amplified polymorphic DNA ... (Chia-Szu Wen and Ju-Ying Hsiao 1999; Varshney et al., 2001) The present study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity of local and exotic germplasm of Lilium using RAPD markers and the reliable ... 67% of the 15- and 20-base random primers produced polymorphic bands, respectively) In our study using different plant clones and species, out of informative primers were 17-base random primers...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... schemes a balance between genetic gain and inbreeding is sought Increased genetic gain in the short term is usually associated with increased inbreeding which leads to decreased genetic gain in the ... , n the genetic mean and mean inbreeding coefficient after n generations of selection, and D is the value of a unit of inbreeding relative to a unit of genetic gain If the genetic contribution ... given by Brisbane and Gibson (1995) The units of TAD 1, and in genetic merit are base population genetic standard deviations, ( each generation there are Nrra sires, Nf dams, and n progeny of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... in Additional file 1) Genetic diversity in India Because many genetic diversity measurements are influenced by sample size, we normalized the sample size of each group by randomly selecting a subset ... effective population size, migration rate, and date of population origin and divergence In addition, despite the large amount of genetic diversity suggested by Ychromosome, mtDNA, and autosomal microarray ... history of India has long intrigued anthropologists and human geneticists [3,12-14,20,34,35] A better understanding of Indian genetic diversity and population history can provide new insights into...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... framework that allows a combination of phylogenetic diversity and genetic diversity in reserve selection One approach that might be worth exploring is using genetic diversity to allocate survival probabilities ... http://www.almob.org/content/5/1/19 Page of 10 Figure Genetic diversity spectrum The genetic diversity spectrum (GDS) for (a) the Landes location and (b) the Pantelleria location in Figure For every ... E, Duarte CM: Spectrum of genetic diversity and networks of clonal organisms J R Soc Interface 2007, 4:1093-1102 13 Excoffier L: Patterns of DNA sequence diversity and genetic structure after a...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:20

... (figure and Table 1) Genetic variability of foamy viruses Overall genetic variability The 17 samples, found integrase positive, were cloned and one clone for each of them was sequenced Genetic ... MtoTG3, MtoTQ3 and MtoTD3 form a group (the TMA group), MtoTK3, MtoTG1, MtoT6 and MtoT5 form another group (the TMC group) and finally MtoTF2 and MtoT7 form the TMB group (data not shown) Genetic comparison ... MtoT2 DNA Lane 1–7 and 10–16: serial dilutions of the DNA from 500 ng to 0,5 pg Lanes and 17: negative controls Lanes and 18: positive controls M: 100 bp ladder b) Study of LTR and Beta globin genes...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... assess genetic diversity and introgression levels in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds in Cameroon and Nigeria necessary for sustainable management and conservation decisions, and to assess ... biochemical and molecular genetic techniques being utilized to assess animal and plant genetic diversity The job is far from being done especially with regards to African cattle breeds and their ... the phylogenetic relationships existing between them and cattle breeds in Europe and Asia with the hope of providing further information on the history of their origins Genetic diversity and relationships...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... Arid-lowland Fat-rumped Arid-lowland Long-fat-tailed Wet-highland Long-fat-tailed Wet-highland Long-fat-tailed Wet-highland Bonga Wet-highland Thin-tailed Sub-humid lowland Washera Wet-highland HE ... minimal, and thus the genetic diversity maximal This results in a core set Ccor, which is a mixture of populations such that ‘ genetic overlap’’ is minimized, and the complete genetic diversity ... breeds, Horro, Arsi-Bale, and Washera is very high Sub-alpine breeds and lowland breeds (BHS, Afar and Gumz) have relatively high ecological values 3.2 Contributions to genetic diversity The coefficients...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... different plant and animal species, and the results were very diverse, the relationship between genetic homogeneity and the intensity of competition being positive in some cases (Perez-Tome and Toro, ... (Wolfe and Barret, 1980) Thus, a better understanding of the nature of the relationship between genetic homogeneity and competition would make the result of crop mixture more predictable and, therefore, ... ij + in the homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, respectively, and r = r + rl!, r and rl! being the number of individuals alive at time j in j oj oj the homogeneous and heterogeneous groups...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20