shoot buds cultured under red and blue light emitting diodes

... th re po s e four three seven nine Ca ny ou c o u n t t en c k hi c eight ten s? r? Red and blue red co lo blue ri te is y t a Wh r ou f o av green e th pe rs o n pa inting the purple wall yellow ... What we 12 How are you? 14 Up, down, in, and out! 16 Our day 18 Sun, rain, snow 20 My body 22 What you say? 24 T a l k- T og et h er ONE, TWO, RED, and BLUE DAVID LE JARS be if o n uns er away? ... and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher e-ISBN 1-59019-556-X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Contents One, two, three! Red and blue...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2016, 11:36

... cd/A was achieved at 3.5 V Keywords Blue organic light- emitting diodes; HOMO-LUMO; QWS Background Since the report by Tang and VanSlyke on organic light- emitting diodes (OLEDs), [1,2] OLEDs have ... organic light- emitting diodes with blue- emitting Alq Photopolym Sci Technol 2004, 17:2 Reineke S, Lindner F, Schwartz G, Seidler N, Walzer K, Lüssem B, Leo K: White organic light- emitting diodes ... of organic light- emitting diodes Acta Phys Sin 2010, 59:8093 23 Jian Z, Juan G, Zhuo G, Ke D, Jiule C: An organic light- emitting device with ultrathin quantum-well structure as light emitting layer...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... organic light- emitting diodes [PHOLEDs] are promising light- emitting materials in organic light- emitting diodes [OLEDs] An internal quantum efficiency of 100% could be realized in red and green ... emissive layer structures on phosphorescent blue organic light- emitting diodes Synth Met 2009, 159:1460-1463 Qui Y, Gao Y, Wei P, Wang L: Organic light- emitting diodes with improved holeelectron balance ... Cleveland, OH, USA) Results and discussion Figure 1a shows the chemical structures of FIrpic, mCP, and TPBi materials of blue PHOLEDs FIrpic is the most well-known phosphorescent blue emitter, and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... taken under forward bias of 25 V The EL spectra consist of violet, violet -blue, orange, orange -red, and red peaks The violet and violet -blue peaks are centered approximately at 400 nm (3.1 eV) and ... array-based light emitting diodes Nano Res 2008, 1:123-128 24 Yuen C, Yu SF, Lau SP, Rusli , Chen TP: Fabrication of n-ZnO:Al/p-SiC(4H) heterojunction light- emitting diodes by filtered cathodic ... conduction band, and it is expected that the band transition from Zni to Oi level is approximately 2.06 eV [22] This agrees well with the orange -red peaks that are centered approximately at 2.00 and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... presentations and Awards 143 iv Summary Design and fabrication of polarized InGaN light- emitting diodes and THz polarizer based on subwavelength metallic nanogratings InGaN light emitting diodes ... Historical and state-of-the art light- emitting diode .1 1.1.2 Polarization of light 1.1.3 Polarization elements 1.1.4 Polarization of various light sources 1.2 Motivation and ... Jin and Prof Eugene A Fitzgerald for their continuous supports, invaluable guidance, and encouragement throughout this research work They have offered me insightful ideas and suggestions and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... Alq3, TPD and PPV 1.1 Mechanism and structure of organic light- emitting diodes (OLEDs) Electroluminescence is obtained from light- emitting diodes (LEDs) when incorporating the light- emitting layer ... high efficient blue light emission (Figure 1.9) However, compared with other color light emission, the efficiency of blue EL materials are still low Thus, highly efficient blue light- emitting polymers ... properties, e.g bandgap, electron affinity and ionization potential Ever since they were synthesized, PPV and its derivatives have been extensively studied and blue, green and red emissions have...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... Injection and Transport ……………… 1.2.1 Difference between Organic and Inorganic Diodes ……………… 1.2.2 Energy Band Diagram ……………………………………… 1.2.2.1 Flat Band Diagram ……………………………………………… 1.2.2.2 Band Bending ... semiconductor-based light- emitting diodes (LEDs) The rectification and light- emitting properties of inorganic LEDs are due to the electrical junction between oppositely doped, p and n type regions of ... have entered the stage of commercialization and are considered as promising candidates for the next generation of large area flat-panel displays [14,15] In addition, the first light- emitting...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:24

... offered by MBE and MOCVD The complexity and relatively poorer understanding of the MBE and MOCVD systems result in longer setup time and downtime for maintenance and troubleshooting compared ... were then poorly controlled, and the emission processes were not well understood For example, the first reports on light emitting diodes (LEDs) [Round] were based on light emission from particles ... family members who are understanding and supported me through many late nights and “burnt” weekends ii LPE GROWTH AND FABRICATION OF GAP GREEN LEDS LIQUID PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH AND FABRICATION OF...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 11:00

... the optical properties of ZnO nanorods/p-GaN light- emitting diodes N H Alvi*1, S Hussain1, J Jensen2, O Nur1, and M Willander1 Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping ... semiconducting and piezoelectric properties and in addition it is biocompatible and bio-safe ZnO possesses deep level emission (DLE) bands emitting all the colors in the visible region and has good ... heterojunction light- emitting diodes (LEDs) as compared to thin films This is due to the fact that the stress/strain due to lattice mismatch can easily be released for nanorods when compared to thin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... the optical properties of ZnO nanorods/p-GaN light- emitting diodes N H Alvi*1, S Hussain1, J Jensen2, O Nur1, and M Willander1 Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping ... semiconducting and piezoelectric properties and in addition it is biocompatible and bio-safe ZnO possesses deep level emission (DLE) bands emitting all the colors in the visible region and has good ... heterojunction light- emitting diodes (LEDs) as compared to thin films This is due to the fact that the stress/strain due to lattice mismatch can easily be released for nanorods when compared to thin...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... polymer light- emitting diodes by blade coating method Appl Phys Lett 2008, 93:153308-153303 Kopola P, Tuomikoski M, Suhonen R, Maaninen A: Gravure printed organic light emitting diodes for lighting ... organic light- emitting diodes; electrospray, polymer, conformation Introduction During the last two decades, intense academic and industrial research has been devoted on organic light- emitting ... mixture of CB and DCB and non-aromatic solvents, chloroform [CF] and 1,2-dichloroethane [DCE] The mixture of CB and DCB was selected as it was optimum for our device structure and process The...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... quantum well light emitting diodes J Appl Phys 2008, 104:093107 10 Sun QJ, Subramanyam G, Dai LM, Check M, Cambell A, Naik R, Grote J, Wang YQ: Highly efficient quantum-dot light- emitting diodes with ... general lighting, flat panel displays, and optoelectronic chips General lighting Advantages such as energy saving, low radiation, shock resistance, and spectral power tunability over fluorescent and ... short-wavelength blue and green LEDs, as discussed in previous sections The use of LSPR in fabricating white LEDs has been described by Yeh et al [73] Here, mixing of the red light converted from blue/ green...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Fabrication and Characterization of FOLEDs Double layer FOLEDs with a hole transport layer of TPD and emitting/ electron transport layer of Alq3 film sandwiched between DMSO modified PEDOT:PSS anode and ... PEDOT and PSS may be even weak Molecules of the solvent may diffuse into the PEDOT:PSS particles, and molecule chains between PEDOT and PSS The bonding of PEDOT and PSS particle is released and ... electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Flexible PEDOT:PSS anodes were fabricated to replace ITO in flexible organic lightemitting diodes (FOLED) FOLEDs based on...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... AlGaInP-Based Light Emitting Diodes M Eichfelder, W M Schulz, M Reischle, M Wiesner, R Ro bach, M Jetter, and P Michler, Appl, Phys Lett 95, 131107 (2009) H S Oh, S M Kim, J H Joo, J H Baek, and J S ... possible explanation for the decreased light outtigate and optimize the hole injection into the active put of the LEDs under an excess [Cp2 Mg]/[III] value region and to prevent electron overflow, the ... improvement in the spontaneous light- emitting efficiency and that carefully optimizing the [Cp2 Mg]/[III] value is important for attaining the highest hole concentration and thereby improving the device...

Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2015, 18:48

... prominent emitting molecule that emits red light When incorporated as a guest in hosts such as TPD, it yields bright red OLEDs and the device lifetime can be greatly enhanced In this case holes and ... Emeraldine (green or blue) , and (3) Pernigraniline (blue) Figure 2.13 shows the main chemical structure of PANI, where reduced and oxidized states of PANI are represented by the index of m and n, respectively ... collection and analysis A.3 XIX Chapter Introduction CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Using organic materials for light- emitting diodes (LED) is fascinating due to their vast variety and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... packaging and manufacturing, optics and micro-optics, 3D assemblies, embedded passive devices and nanostructure materials deposition etc An Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a light- emitting ... second type of LEDs, which is known as Polymer Light Emitting Diodes (PLEDs) The conjugated polymer light- emitting materials came to be known as Light Emitting Polymer (LEP) Although this technology ... the masks, it also eliminates the space, cost and man-hours required to store the hundreds or thousands of film and glass masks, which often required specially controlled environments Other benefits...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:04

... important to understand how oxygen and humidity penetrates the encapsulation layer and react with the organic film and cathode layers Firstly techniques important to OLED fabrication and encapsulation ... organic light- emitting diodes with thin films Other than the quality of the encapsulation film, the surface roughness is also a factor limiting the stability and the efficiency of the OLEDs [13] Reducing ... substrate, and associated changes in electrical, optical properties and morphology in the device are thus investigated in this thesis Understanding the relationship between the surface roughness and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 21:22

... responses to blue light? One important identification criterion is that in specific blue- light responses, blue light cannot be replaced by a red- light treatment, and there is no red/ far -red reversibility ... the Probe blue light dependent membrane depolarization 1.2 Blue Blue and decreases the inhibitory effect of blue light on light light hypocotyl elongation (Parks et al 1998) 0.8 Blue Light Regulates ... opening (After Srivastava and Zeiger 1995a.) Blue- Light Responses: Stomatal Movements and Morphogenesis 409 (A) Blue light 10 Blue light Undigested stomatal pore Red light Time (h) FIGURE 18.10...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... theoretical understanding of the relation between measurable parameters of the heat field and sap flow and for methodical aspects of sap flow techniques MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Site and sample ... of stem and the infra red camera focused on the smoothed stem surface Blue color limits zone with similar flow rates from both opposite sides of stem (visible by infra-camera and measured between ... around the heater under conditions of zero-flow The frontal view of the heat field under zero sap flow appeared as a rather symmetrical ellipse, whose axis length in axial and tangential directions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... population OAB is under- diagnosed and under- treated This patient population may benefit from routine screening Furthermore, our study shows that OAB is associated with age and a history of hepatitis ... Xu B and Song J Prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder syndrome in Fuzhou Chinese women Neurourol Urodyn 2006; 25:717 Teleman PM, Lidfeldt J, Nerbrand C, Samsioe G, Mattiasson A and ... urinary symptoms (OAB, LUTS and/ or BPH) Furthermore, those with OAB had a worse quality of life score Mean quality of life score for those with OAB was 3.4 of 6, and those without OAB 1.6 Thus,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:35