share from vision to road map technical steps

... for centuries To date, the emerging market for wind power energy is experiencing remarkable global growth rates which affect not only the problem of how to technically link these into existing power ... scientific disciplines to cover the multi-dimensional aspects of this yet young emerging research field It brings together findings from natural and social science and especially from the extensive ... license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Introduction All customers connected to a public electricity network, whether generators or consumers, must comply with agreed technical requirements Electric networks rely on generators to provide many ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... insertion of the voltage dip generator 28 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Once this switch is open, the generator is connected to the grid through the series ... will cause large currents in the rotor of the DFIG to which the power electronic converter is connected, and a high rotor voltage will be needed to control the rotor current When this required voltage ... crowbar connected to the rotor circuit When the rotor currents become too high, the converter is disconnected and the high currents not flow through the converter but rather into the crowbar resistances...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... recovery 36 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products 7.1 Wind farm modeling Wind farm models may be built with different detail levels ranging from one -to- one modeling ... System Operators in many nations have established wind farms grid codes in order to remain grid stability Grid code requirements have been developed in response to the technical and regulatory necessities ... Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products If there are not available data, PVVC establishes the data from Table 11, and the rest of the parameters must be calculated to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Theory’s active currents: (a) total, (b) due to the active loads, (c) caused by the unbalances Fig 12 Phase reactive currents 53 54 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off ... Theory’s active currents: (a) total, (b) due to the active loads, (c) caused by the unbalances Fig 19 Phase reactive currents 57 58 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off ... components: (a) due to the active loads, (b) caused by the unbalances Fig 23 Reactive powers: (a) traditional theory, (b) Unified Theory 59 60 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... longer be able to effectively control the system frequency due to theirs slow response To overcome this problem, an Energy Storage (ES), which is able 78 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements ... power from the network These control schemes correspond to block (A) in Fig At the same time, PT(ref) is modified to prevent a shortage or an excess of the 68 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical ... by supplying or absorbing active power to /from the network FESS also sends a command to the main power supply to adjust its output so as to keep suitable stored energy level of FESS Load (Consumer)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... individuals are used) 82 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products It is important to note that the GA provides a number of potential solutions to a given problem and ... proposed PPC However, the proposed PPC is able to damp the peak frequency deviation quickly in comparison to VSC PPC cases 86 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products ... basic types of operators: crossover and mutation These operators are used to produce new solutions based on existing solutions in the population Crossover takes two individuals to be parents and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... some conclusions and to extrapolate results from empirical studies to general cases The tower shadow, wind shear, rotor asymmetry and unbalance, blade misalignments produce a torque modulation dependent ... fluctuations from a cluster of turbines is primarily due to wind variations that are slow enough to affect several turbines inside a wind farm 108 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements ... a stochastic behaviour than the 106 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products rotational/vibration/control oscillations: at high frequencies, fluctuations from...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... synchronized, it could be a power quality issue 112 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Fig Time series (from top to bottom) of the active power P [MW] (in black), ... used to take into account network losses multiplying the turbine phasors in (3) by marginal efficiency factors ηi = ∂Pfarm /∂Pturbine i estimated from power flows with small variations from the ... related to the one and two sided PSD of the active power: 114 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products + σPfarm (f ) = 2PSDPfarm( f ) = PSDPfarm(f ) (6) + Put into...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... have to be taken into consideration when dispersed power sources are to be connected to the distribution network In regard to wind farms, it should be emphasized that they are mainly connected to ... fluctuations in a wind farm are estimated from the ratio of the farm fluctuation relative to the fluctuation of one representative turbine 130 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off ... configurations are taken from the Polish Power Grid but can be easily adapted to the specific conditions in the particular countries 136 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... generator during voltage dips: UG – voltage on generator outputs, IG – current on generator outputs, IIm_G – generator reactive current, t1 ≈50 ms, t3-t2 ≈100 ms 144 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical ... temperature low sag 142 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products conductors or thermal line rating schemes (dynamically adjusting the maximum load to the seasons or ... at point B, IL2 – fault current flowing by the line L2 from system A, IWF – fault current from WF, (11) 148 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products ZBC – line...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... the terminal voltage; From Fig 3, the vector of stator voltage Us=Ut is always align with q axis with the stator flux-oriented control strategy And according to the stator flux linkage equations ... grid-side converter from the rotor-side converter The rotor-side converter is assumed to be a voltage-controlled current source, and the stator flux-oriented control strategy is employed to implement ... accordance with generator convention, which means that the stator and rotor currents are positive when flowing towards the network, and real and reactive powers are positive when fed into grid, can be...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... g(x, u) (48) where x is the state vector; u is the vector of inputs to the system; g is a vector of nonlinear functions relating state and input variables to output variables The equilibrium points ... self-admittance matrices of generator nodes and non-generator nodes; YLG and YGL are the mutual admittance matrices between them 174 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off ... generator model is applied to the synchronous generator G2 The 4th order generator model with a simplified 3rd order exciter model is applied to the remaining synchronous generators It should be noticed...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... there was found to be green algae, with barnacles slightly lower, giving way to increasingly dense populations of mussels moving down the tower As 192 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements ... due to reduced risk of damage from passing vessels, fishing groups could benefit from locally enhanced stocks, and the benthic and fish communities could benefit from reduced disturbance from ... incorporated into the design of future projects as they come into 198 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products the detailed design phases, prior to construction,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... group brings to the venture may provide a two-way information transfer 208 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products that may improve each firm’s technical efficiency ... opportunity to reduce costs related to bureaucratic requirements and payments For instance, if a given area was required to be leased from the government, the two firms may be able to split the ... reductions in governance costs and other factors unique to the industries or to the context in which the agreement is made This section will first describe predictors from the literature which may support...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Costa-Pierce, B (2003) Open Ocean Aquaculture: From Research to Commercial Reality Proceedings of the 2003 World Aquaculture Society Conference, Baton Rouge, LA BSH (2008) Wind farms Bundesamt ... Engineering, ASME New York, NY : American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pp 1-7 216 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Buck, B H., Krause, G., Michler-Cieluch, ... Governance of Contractual Relations Journal of Law and Economics, 22, 2, 233-261 218 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products Williamson, O (1981) The Economics of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... important to point out that the time window from the PVVC is fixed and does not depend on the voltage dip duration whereas the FGW-TG4 depends on it 32 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical ... recovery 36 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products 7.1 Wind farm modeling Wind farm models may be built with different detail levels ranging from one -to- one modeling ... System Operators in many nations have established wind farms grid codes in order to remain grid stability Grid code requirements have been developed in response to the technical and regulatory necessities...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... by supplying or absorbing active power to /from the network FESS also sends a command to the main power supply to adjust its output so as to keep suitable stored energy level of FESS Load (Consumer) ... power from the network These control schemes correspond to block (A) in Fig At the same time, PT(ref) is modified to prevent a shortage or an excess of the 68 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical ... Theory’s active currents: (a) total, (b) due to the active loads, (c) caused by the unbalances Fig 12 Phase reactive currents 53 54 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... some conclusions and to extrapolate results from empirical studies to general cases The tower shadow, wind shear, rotor asymmetry and unbalance, blade misalignments produce a torque modulation dependent ... fluctuations from a cluster of turbines is primarily due to wind variations that are slow enough to affect several turbines inside a wind farm 108 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements ... a stochastic behaviour than the 106 From Turbine to Wind Farms - Technical Requirements and Spin-Off Products rotational/vibration/control oscillations: at high frequencies, fluctuations from...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20