sex and the brain
Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, and the Brain potx
... and wakefulness due to age and gender. It is well known that general metabolism and the sleep–wakepattern in the very young and the aged differ from those in the adult and middle-aged. Nevertheless,TF1650_C02.fm ... researchinterests are brain metabolism, brain development, the effects of coffee and caffeine on the brain, and temporal lobe epilepsy. She has authored or co-authored approximately 200 articles, books, and book ... memory, and a letter cancellationtask was maintained throughout the reminder of the night and morning; however, the exposure tolight alone without the caffeine actually degraded the performance.The...
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THE MIND AND THE BRAIN doc
... are: the expression of the physiognomy, the gesture, the cry, and the speech; or the reflex action on the circulation, the pallor or blushing, the heat mounting to the head, or the cold of the ... defend the existence of the subject point out that this subject properly constitutes the Ego, and that the distinction of the subject and the object corresponds to the distinction of the Ego and ... referring to the visual and other sensations, raised for the occasion to the dignity of external and per[37]manent causes, the other sensations which are considered as the effects of the first...
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quantum theory and the brain
... testing whetherthese examples can satisfy the definition given in §5 for a quantum switch. Onequestion is whether the states ρ1 and ρ2are sufficiently different, and the other iswhether the quantum ... or quiescent. The input to the brain is through the firing of sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, caused bychanges in the external world, and the output is through the firing of motor ... also benefit from the fact that there is no mathematics in the sections which aim to be comprehensibleto biologists.2. The Problems of Quantum Mechanics and the Relevance of the Brain. (This section...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Neuronal growth-inhibitory factor (metallothionein-3): evaluation of the biological function of growth-inhibitory factor in the injured and neurodegenerative brain pdf
... ofGIF within the brain. Further studies are required todetermine the function of GIF within the normal,injured and neurodegenerative brain, and to establish the therapeutic potential of the protein.AcknowledgementsThis ... the functional rolesof this protein in the brain, and in particular its abilityto inhibit neurite outgrowth (as described above). The functional role of GIF synthesis and secretionin the brain Taken ... sclerosis and Down syndrome, MT1 and MT2 levels are consider-ably elevated in all of these conditions [22]. In the trau-matically injured brain, however, the synthesis of MT1 and MT2, as well as the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Distribution of class I, III and IV alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in the adult rat, mouse and human brain ppt
... provided by the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (Belmont, MA, USA) and the Netherlands Brain Bank (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).Blocks of cortex, anterior amygdala, striatum and midbrainfrom ... lowexpression levels of these enzyme classes. Based on the Fig. 4. Dark field micrographs showing the expression of ADH mRNA in the rat brain: cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), the hilus and the cornu amonisfields ... ADH, the only ADH found also in lower animals, yeast and plants [3].Table 1 shows the relation between the different ADHgenes and proteins and the class-based nomenclature [4]. Tosimplify the...
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Cancer of the Brain and Other Central Nervous System doc
... for the brain cancer analysis were: race, sex, age at diagnosis, histologic type, grade and primary site. The combinations of particular interest were: race and sex, histologic type and sex and ... stage and sex, SEER stage and grade, histologic type, race and sex and histologic type and SEER stage.Race and Sex For all race specific analyses of the 1,105 patients, only white and black ... there will be 18,820 new cases diagnosed of and 12,820 deaths from brain and other CNS cancer in the United States each year (1). The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for brain and...
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EVOLUTION OF THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BRAIN TUMORS AND THE THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS pdf
... and standard cytotoxicchemotherapies. The existence of blood -brain and blood-tumor barriers impede drug deliveryto the tumor and adjacent brain infiltrated with tumor. In addition the low therapeutic ... 21:207–215Evolution of the Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors and the Therapeutic Implications20cies. Elevated versican production occurs in either the tumor cells or the stromal cellssurrounding the tumor. ... transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain. The amino terminal domain can link to the ECM components such as HA and other GAGs. The stem structure domain binds the amino-terminal domain and transmembrane...
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Báo cáo khoa học: acids in the brain: D-serine in neurotransmission and neurodegeneration ppt
... d-serine inrat brain co-localized almost perfectly with thatof NMDARs [33,34]. The density of d-serine is muchlower in the caudal part of the brain, including the adult cerebellum and brainstem ... receptors in the brain and are involved in many physiological processes, includingmemory formation, synaptic plasticity and develop-ment [1]. The NMDARs are composed of multiplesubunits and their ... neurons. On the other hand, neuronal synthesisof d-serine will require conversion of glycine into l-ser-ine by the serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme [74]or uptake of l-serine from the extracellular...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structure, mRNA expression and linkage mapping of the brain-type fatty acid-binding protein gene (fabp7 ) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) potx
... and human, mouse and pufferfish B-FABP is83%, 76% and 83%, respectively. The percentage aminoacid identity between zebrafish and human and mouse ishigher in the exons 1 and 2 than it is in the ... mMMgCl2,0.25mMof each dNTP and 0.25 lMof each innerprimer. The thermal cycle conditions were the same as the primary PCR except that the annealing temperature wasincreased to 60 °C and the number of cycles ... exons 3 and 4coding for B-FABP. This result is consistent with previousobservations for the human and rat I-FABP, and othermembers of the FABP family, that the N-terminal halves ofthese proteins...
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brain facts a primer on the brain and nervous system - the society for neuroscience
... each other and fuse to form the hollow neural tube. The top of the tubethickens into three bulges that form the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain. The first signs of the eyes and then the hemi-spheres ... structure and function.In response to stress and changes in our biological clocks,such as day -and- night cycles and jet-lag, hormones enter the blood and travel to the brain and other organs. In the ... produced along the central canal in the neural tube. These neurons then migrate from their birth-place to a final destination in the brain. They collect togetherto form each of the various brain structures...
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learning and memory - the brain in action
... tdlthemthat the hippocampustellsthemwho the OTherooys and girlsarc, and the ~Hnn,'{bliltellsthemwhethertheylikeIhemornO!.Thmsc<:mstoCl'menttheirulld('r~tandingof the differences. The finalstructuretoconsideris the cerebrum.Thistoplayerof the brain isdivided,asmostof the brain stmcturl'Sarc,intoriJ;ht and Idthemispheres.TIleI11'Ohemi~phcrescommunicmeIhroughaIhickIliIlldo(fibcrs,clllled the corpuscallosum,thatconnectsthem. The cerebrumiscoveredbyaIhinlayerofmaterialcalled the cerebralcorter.or the neocor·tu,Ncomeans"new,"amim~myconsiderthistoIlt: the newcstlayerof the bl'3inintermsofevolutionarydevelopment. The neocortexisaboutonc-eighthofaninchthick, and ifitwerespreadoutitwouldbe the Sill'ofalargepil'Ccofconstructionpaper.Be-causeithastofolditsclfwhhinoursmallskulls,it ... :ts and PanJ:neAnawmyoftMBr.1m13lhehrnin,tcmbeforegoingtoarea,of the hrninIhMdcalll'ith the higlwrlevelsofthinking_Mac1eanbelievcsthatanytimeyouarcinaftght-or-flightsilltmion,yOt1ThminSlemisinconlrolofyourbody.Isthisanoversimplification?Absolltldy.Cbildr,;:n,howel'er,hav('amucheasiertimeunderstandinglh~elevdso( the brninasopposedto the multiplemuetures and layersthattrul\'exist.Youcantellthemdmttheir brain stemis the bosso( the hrain.Itcontrolsheanrate and {(~sriration and wkesoverintimeso(undue~lressorthreat.TIlispartofIhe brain doeswhateverilt:lkes10enSHresurvival.Say.forexample,\,OUarcnoss-ing the street and suddenl\,scealargetruckbarrelingtowardyou.Ratherthanexamine the size,shape,orhorsepowerof the tnlckwilhhigherlev-elsofthinking, the bramstcmtakcsov\:r and causesyoutorunlosa(cty. The Limbic Brain The secondlevelofMadean'striune brain is the limbicbmin.or the tIlllmmlllian brain, socalledbecauserhelimbics\'stemrehlesrommnmalsotherthanhumans.11lisparto( the brain dealswithemotion.11lelimbiC brain hasbecomeonco(lhemostimportantareaso( the br~inincurrentresearch.However,inthismodelitisanotherstepping-stonetOll'ardhigher-orderthinking. The limbic brain housesstrucllIresthalcontroleating,drinking,sleeping.hormones, and the emotions.BecauseoflhesedUlies,lhislln.'.'!of the br~inseekshOrnt'()5lasis,orbalance.Untilthisare~h:1Ssuchbal·ance,itwillnotallowin(ormmiontoflowto the highestlevel(orlogic and rC<lsoning. The Neocortex The thirdline!highestlevelof the hraininMaclean'smodelis the noo-conex.11liswordliterallymeans"n<-wbark."Itislh<-lOplevelinlhis brain hierarchy and isincharb'Co(allhigher.orderthinking.Hereread·ing,planning,anal\'zing,s\'lllhesizing, and decisionmakingoccur.Stu-dcmsnecdtoknowlhatitisIhislevclthatiscrilblin11person'scducation.TIlisiswherethc brain stores and retrievc~edllCalional"Stu(f."Ag:lin,IhismodelisfarlOOsimplistic(oreduclltors'purposesinun-derstanding the bratn.However,asastepping-slone(orteachingstudentsOIOOulIheirbrnins,itworkswell.Man\'publicOllionsforchildrendiscussthistheot}', and teachersindical'cthatthwStudentshllveanunderstand·ingoftheirbrninsthroughthisrnet'aphor, The tnune brain modeliseasyforchildrentoundarstand. The brain stem.orreptilian brain. dealsWIthsurvival The limbicbfainseeks10balanceemotions.Higher<>rderthinkinglakesplaceInlheneocortex, ... sheetofpaper.we'regoingtohaveapopquiz,"Yourstudentsaresuddenlyanenllve.Theyshiftgears and haveallbutforgonenabout the carmval,Quoly,youprepareaH)-questIonqUIzoff the topofyourhead.Youhavecovered the materlCllfor the lastweek;yourstudentsshouldknowItwell.Wilen the qUIzISover,youcollect the papers and rapldfyscorethem. The resultsaredisappointing.Yourstudents'scoresarebelowavera\lelNowyouareangfler,Youyellatyourstudentsarldtellthemthatbecausetheyarerlotpayingattentiontheymustreview the mate·rlalagain,Youassign20questlO/lsfrom the endof the chapter and tellthemitwillserveasarefresherfor the week.Theymustfinishinclassbecause the carmvalisthiseventn\l, and youdon'twantmemtohavehomework.prooP.CanithappenIQanyone!AmIlOOol.!forhmlllgrowthIInOI'hcr\\'ords.canyouteachanolddognewtricks!TIlennswerstotheseques-tionslieInyearsofresearchbysomeimrre551\'en('uroscK:misu.[xt'sex-,lIltlllethcevidence,Maril,"Di:lmond(1988)of the Unll'ersityofGllifomiaatBcr\:elcyhasbeenstudying the munde\'elopmclllofrlltsformorethan40~'ears.withImpressh'ercstlllS.Shelmdhercolle:ll(tlcs and SfudentSconduclex-rcrimclluIIIwhichtheyplacemtsin('nnchedem'lronnlCnb.TIl<"t'uS<'ccmlralgroupstocheckforaccurocy,Inoneofhertesu,sherlacedasin-glemtIIIarcgularrntcage...
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