... centuries long and has been practiced in many countries, including Argentina and the United States. It still exists in restricted form in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Hong Kong, where it causes ... 1914 and 1927 to 1929. 75 In Argentina, attempts to adhere to a gold standard under systems other than a currency board have resulted in frequent devaluations or rapid abandonment of the standard. ... dollar and euro. The government persuaded the IMF that the arrangement was not an impermissible dual rate, but a permissible subsidy and tariff scheme. ARGENTINA’S ECONOMIC CRISIS: CAUSES AND...
Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20
... translations unnatural and incomprehensible so that they are fully aware of and able to avoid them. The thesis also aims at finding causes of translation unnaturalness and then suggesting some ... Fredericton and throughout the potato belt to study the propagation of disease-free potato seed stock, seed potato testing and certification as well as storage and processing equipment and farm ... unskilled translators lack both the informal and formal words in their English vocabulary. On the other hand, they tend to abuse the words and phrases they know and risk making themselves sound improper...
Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2014, 01:13
Tài liệu Thrift Industry Crisis: Causes and Solutions docx
... Carron R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. and Andrew S. Carron 357 Table 3. FSLIC-Insured Thrift Failures and Insolvencies and FSLIC Reserves, 1980-86 Assets and reserves in billions of dollars ... net worth requirements and relaxing accounting standards, for example, undermine monitoring and control, giving rise to incentives to take greater risks and facilitating the risk ... Economic Activity, 2:1987 Table 2. Number and Assets of Failed and Insolvent Thrifts and Banks, 1980-86 Assets in billions of dollars Failures and insolvencies of FSLIC-insured thrift...
Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20
Tài liệu Why Should 5000 Children Die in India Every Day? Major Causes and Managerial Challenges pptx
... demand and also to make potent, effective vaccine and immunization services available and accessible. Parents need to be convinced that immunization is valuable; they should know where and ... development and hampers the learning and cognitive processes leading to sluggish educational, social and economic development. Ignoring undernutrition puts the long-term health and development ... malnutrition weakens immune response and aggravates the effects of infection, and so, children who are malnourished tend to have more severe diarrhea episodes and are at a higher risk of pneumonia....
Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20
Domestic Water Pollution among Local Communities in Nigeria ----Causes and Consequences pot
... Nigeria Causes and Consequences 597 the exportation of crude oil and gas living this people suffering and dying, their life span has been reduced because of environmental pollution and poverty. ... degreasing agents, metals and other toxins from farm equipment harm and kill aquatic life and animals and cause health problems when they get into drinking water. Bacteria and parasites from animal ... Harcourt, and Warri areas. Monitoring is limited and the problem is compounded by the uncontrolled development of the groundwater systems. In addition, abandoned boreholes are not properly sealed and...
Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20
Portal Hypertension – Causes and Complications Edited by Dmitry V. Garbuzenko ppt
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20
Báo cáo " Wildlife Trading in Vietnam:Situation, causes, and solutions " docx
... enforcement and management of wildlife in Vietnam. Related Studies on Wildlife Trade Simmons and Krueter (1989), Barbier and Swanson (1990), Bulte and Kooten (1996 and 1999), and Khanna and Harford ... resources and Environment 2003-2004, Science and Technique Publishing House, Hanoi: 63-69. Nguyen, X.D.,N.T.Vu, and V.S. Cao, with Nguyen, T.M. and J. Compton. 1999. The Trade and Use of Tiger and ... These are: a) High domestic and international demands for wildlife meat and wildlife products and high profitability of illegal wildlife trade. After the change of China and Vietnam economies from...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20
PSORIASIS - TYPES, CAUSES AND MEDICATION pot
... eruption and her skin biopsy findings are consistent with guttate psoriasis (Figure 7). Psoriasis - Types, Causes and Medication 8 psoriasis and may follow streptococcal infection and/ or acute ... eosinophils, and vasculitic changes in the dermis are peculiar pathologic features [22] [23]. Psoriasis — Types, Causes and Medication http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54728 9 PSORIASIS - TYPES, CAUSES AND MEDICATION Edited ... onychol‐ ysis, and severe onychodystrophy (Figure 12) [28]. Figure 12. Yellowish discoloration of fingernails. Psoriasis - Types, Causes and Medication 12 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals...
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:20
Cancer causes and cancer research on many levels of complexity docx
... prevention and detection More than cures, scientists are cautiously optimistic about the possibility of improving early detection and prevention of cancer. Cancer takes several steps and a long ... suffering and address environmental problems. From the top to the bottom and back, with numerous detours and backtracks, the complex journey belies simplistic ideologies such as holism and reductionism. ... cigarettes smoked and lung cancer incidences. This and other epidemiological studies succeeded to defeat the tobacco industry and establish a strong causal association between smoking and lung cancer. 18 ...
Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 01:20
from bretton woods to world inflation a study of causes and consequences
... nearly forty years later, and twelve years after the agreements collapsed from their inherent in firmities, we hear journalistic pleas for their restor ation. Even the usually perceptive Wall Street Journal published an editorial as late as June 22, 1982, enti tled "Bring Back Bretton Woods." It may be said in extenuation that the editorial writer was comparing the situation in 1982, when inconvertible paper cur rencies were daily depreciating nearly everywhere, with the comparatively stable exchange rates for the 25 years before Bretton Woods openly collapsed in August, 1971, when President Nixon closed the American gold window. But The Wall Street Journal forgot that Bretton Woods worked as intended as long as it did only by putting an excessive burden and responsibility on one nation and one currency. Another and perhaps more typical example of the confusion on this subject that still prevails ... ment itself, which will be urged to write down the burden of its internal debt by the device of inflation. A provision for uniform inflation in all major coun tries would increase the temptation to inflate in each country by removing some immediate penalties. When the currency of a single country begins to sag because of inflationary policies, two embarrassing results follow. One is the immediate loss of gold, unless the Government prohibits its export (which makes the currency sag more); the other is the humiliation of seeing the country's currency quoted at a discount in other nations. A uniform inflation in the world's most important countries would avoid both of these embarrassments. But the real evils of inflation would remain. Per- sons with fixed salaries or wages would see their purchasing power shrink. Pensioners would see the purchasing power of their pensions shrink. Holders of Government bonds, often bought for purely patriotic reasons, would see the purchasing power of their capital and interest shrink. Capital in the form of bonds or mortgages would be much harder to bor row; and, therefore, many buildings would not be erected and many enterprises would not be started, because of the prospect of this inflation. It would be difficult to think of a more serious threat to world stability and full production than the continual prospect of a uniform world inflation to which the politicians of every country would be so easily tempted. 40 ... with the largest exports of goods and services. Since January, 1981, the basket has been composed of the currencies of the five members with the largest ex ports of goods and services. The currencies and their weights in the basket are the U. S. dollar (42 per cent), the deutsche mark (19 per cent), and the yen, French franc, and pound sterling (13 per cent each). The SDR serves as the official unit of account in keeping the books of the IMF. It is designed, in the words of the Fund, to "eventually become the prin cipal asset of the international monetary system." But it is worth noting a few things about it. Its value changes every day in relation to the dollar and every other national currency. (For example, on August 25, 1982, the SDR was valued at $1,099 and six days later at $1,083.) More importantly, the SDR, composed of a basket of paper currencies, is itself a paper unit governed by a weighted average of infla tion in five countries and steadily depreciating in purchasing power. A number of countries have pegged their currencies to the SDR—i.e., to a falling peg. Yet the IMF boasts that it is still its policy "to reduce gradually the monetary role of gold," and proudly points out that from 1975 to 1980 it sold 50 million ounces of gold—a third of its 1975 holdings. The U.S. Treasury Depart ment can make a similar boast. What neither the Fund nor the American Treasury bother to point out is that this gold has an enormously higher value to day than at the time the sales were made. The profit has gone to world speculators and other private persons. The American and, in part, the foreign tax payer has lost again. To resume the history of the Bretton Woods agreements and the IMF: Because the Fund was 16 ...
Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 00:38
HYPOGLYCEMIA – CAUSES AND OCCURRENCES doc
... Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) the rate of severe hypoglycemia was 65% and 35% in the arms of intensive and conventional insulin therapy respectively (Keen 1994; The Diabetes Control and ... – Causes and Occurrences 38 vascular-related diseases, protecting against both micro- and macro-vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardio- and ... Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular events. Diabetes Care 33(6): 1389-1394. Hypoglycemia – Causes and Occurrences 36 Krolewski, AS.; Kosinski, EJ.; Warram, JH.; Leland, OS.; Busick,...
Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 19:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Wildlife Trading in Vietnam: Situation, causes, and solutions" pps
... Wildlife and Illegally Traded Wildlife Per Year, Vietnam. Causes and Factors That Intensify Illegal Trade Although the government and FPD of Vietnam have tried very hard to implement CITES and ... of enforcement and monitoring of law against illegal wildlife trade in Vietnam. These are: High domestic and international demands for wildlife meat and wildlife products and high profitability ... plants, animals and other 1 This study is supported and aided by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia 99 Wildlife Trading in Vietnam: Situation, causes, and solutions ...
Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Stem cracks in Norway spruce in southern Scandinavia: causes and consequences" potx
... used, needle loss and/ or stem cracking may result, depending on the site. This is one of the major reasons why Fottland and Skrøppa (1989) and Persson and Persson (1992) ... using Romanian and Slovakian provenances in Norway and Sweden.
Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21
bank failures in the major trading countries of the world causes and remedies phần 1 docx
... "Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses" was prepared under the responsibility of Marco Buti, Director-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, and István P. Székely, ... Matthias Mors, André Sapir, Massimo Suardi, István P. Székely, Alessandro Turrini, Michael Thiel and David Vergara. Statistical assistance was provided by Adam Kowalski, Daniela Porubska and Christopher ... for Economic and Financial Affairs Directorate for Economic Studies and Research Office BU-1 05-189 B-1049 Brussels E-mail: paul.vandennoord@ec.europa.eu vi ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED...
Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21
bank failures in the major trading countries of the world causes and remedies phần 2 pptx
... Economic Crisis in Europe: Causes, Consequences and Responses judgment as to what the principal causes of the crisis were and how changes in macroeconomic, regulatory and supervisory policy ... and so on. The downturn in asset markets snowballed rapidly across the world. As trade credit became scarce and expensive, world trade plummeted and industrial firms saw their sales drop and ... sell assets at 'fire sale prices' and restrict their lending. The prices of similar assets fell and this reduced capital and lending further, and so on. An adverse 'feedback loop'...
Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21
bank failures in the major trading countries of the world causes and remedies phần 3 docx
Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21