severe brain damage in infants

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... neurons in vitro [26]. Experimental research in the field of ischemia was mainly prompted by observations indi- cating that CBs could attenuate glutamate-induced injury by inhibiting glutamate ... neuroprotective effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN-55212 in an in vitro model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats. Pediatr Res 60, 169–173. 43 Cernak I, Vink R, Natale J, Stoica B, Lea ... studies have examined the putative protective or toxic effects of drugs interacting with cannabinoid receptors or have measured the brain levels of endocannabi- noids in in vitro and in vivo models...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... K & Gearing A (2001) Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases in reperfusion injury in rat brain: activation of MMP-9 linked to stromelysin-1 and microglia in cell cultures. Brain Res ... blood brain barrier; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ICE, interleukin-1b-converting enzyme; IL, interleukin; IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; iNOS, inducible ... biologically active interleukin-1 beta by meprin B. Cytokine 31, 394–403. 140 Pinteaux E, Inoue W, Schmidt L, Molina-Holgado F, Rothwell NJ & Luheshi GN (2007) Leptin induces interleukin-1beta release...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20

... ampicillin and intermediate to ampicillin/sulbactam. It was sensitive to the cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefotaxime, and cefepime), the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), the aminoglycosides ... (amikacin, gentamicin, and tobra- mycin), meropenem, pipercillin/tazobactam and trimethoprim/sulfa. At this point, the patient was started on meropenem. The initial CT scan of the brain done ... absence of underlying hepatobiliary diseases, and the presence of other invasive complications includ- ing endophthalmitis, suppurative meningitis, brain abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:53

... arises is: why are pericytes abundant in the brain vasculature? Brain pericytes may perform specialized roles involved in the develop- ment and maintenance of brain vessels. First and fore- most, ... pre-exist- ing vessels). Indeed, the vascular network of the brain is predominantly formed by angiogenesis. During this Keywords astrocyte; barriergenesis; blood brain barrier; brain angiogenesis; ... modulate neurovascular coupling and maintain several parts of brain homeostasis. In this minireview, we focus on the active functions of astro- cytes in regards to brain vasculature. Anatomically, most...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... among tissues in the body, and the risk of edema to brain functions should be carefully considered. Brain edema may increase pressure in the cranial cavity and brain tissue, resulting in suppression ... vascular leaks during the clinical course of brain diseases or during the treatment of brain ischemia using pro-angiogenic medicine. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grant -in- Aid Special ... VEGF-D, binds and activates this receptor, resulting in the proliferation and migration of lymph ECs and lymphangiogenesis [13]. Angiogenesis in brain diseases Brain stroke Stroke is induced through:...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... reinter- preted in the context of angiogenesis in the brain. Is it possible that some of the acute neurovascular events in the brain after stroke represent an endogenous attempt by the brain ... remodeling. A sys- tematic understanding of these responses may eventu- ally lead us to discover new targets for treating brain injury after stroke. Early neurovascular damage in stroke In the ... stroke. During the early acute phase of neurovascular injury, blood– brain barrier perturbations should predominate with key roles for various matrix proteases. During the delayed phase, brain angiogenesis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... is explained by including SSBD terms in the model where r 2 values increase. Sulcal CSF enters next in predicting Trails B, followed by DWMH; in contrast, DWMH enters next for predicting SHAR, followed ... Ͻ.001 *SSBD indicates subclinical structural brain disease; Trails B, Trail-Making Test 48-50 to measure sequencing abilities; DWMH, deep white-matter hyperintensities; vCSF, ventricular cerebrospinal ... with the finding of regional dif- ferences. The regional prominence of posterior atrophy with age in healthy subjects is, to our knowledge, a new finding and is particularly intriguing given...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... IKK inhibitors p50 cRel IκB cRel p65 IκB NF-κB signalling in brain ischemia AMPA kainate Fig. 1. NF-jB signaling in ischemia, In brain ischemia, NF-jB becomes rapidly activated in response ... p65 dimer participates in the pathogenesis of post-ischemic injury by inducing pro-apoptotic gene expression, c-Rel-containing dimers increase neuron resistance to ischemia by inducing anti-apoptotic ... 921–931. 28 Bakalkin GYA, Yakovleva T & Terenius L (1993) NF- kappa B-like factors in the murine brain. Developmen- tally-regulated and tissue-specific expression. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 20, 137–146. 29...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... inhibit microglia activation. Minocycline is indeed able to reduce brain infarct volumes in preclinical models [61], as well as neurological impairment in stroke patients [62]. Interestingly, it has recently ... response in different stroke models [58–60]. Recently, the tetracycline, minocycline, has been proposed as a clinically relevant tool to limit post- ischemic brain damage because of its ability to inhibit microglia ... regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental role of the enzyme in ischemic brain injury [31,32]. Indeed, although we know in part the mechanisms activated by PARP-1 and triggering neurotoxicity,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... further evolution—not only providing the same triple ARV drugs to all HIV-infected pregnant women beginning in the antenatal clinic setting but also continuing this therapy for all of these ... antiretroviral (ARV) guidelines on treating pregnant women and preventing infection in infants (1), issued in 2010, were a major step towards more effica- cious regimens. The WHO guidelines emphasize the ... for treAting PregnAnt Women AnD Preventing Hiv infection in infAnts EXECUTIVE SUMMARY April 2012 PROGRAMMATIC UPDATE 3 This programmatic update, while not presenting new guide- lines, reviews...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 15:20

... out, in this respect, that erythrocyte ageing was initially believed to be the main determinant of isoaspartate formation in membrane proteins [6]. Our results are in line with a different interpretation, ... esterification in intact erythrocytes was assayed by incubating them in the presence of [ 3 H]methionine according to the in situ procedure (see Materials and methods). Ó FEBS 2002 Protein methylation in ... protein O-methyltransferase (PCMT; EC 2.1.1.77). The aim of this work was to study the possible involve- ment of protein aspartate damage in the mechanism linking the G6PD defect and erythrocyte injury,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... children. In another study, the diagno- sis of GERD in hospitalized infants increased 20-fold in a single naval hospital from 1971 to 1995. It has not been determined whether these growing numbers ... omeprazole in order to achieve an optimal dose to maintain the duration of esophageal acid reflux <6% in a 24-hour pH study. In these chil- dren, there was marked reduction in symptoms, including ... Vomiting (ie, “fat, happy spitter”) – most common  Persistent vomiting – Failure to thrive  Esophagitis – Feeding refusal, difficulties, resistance – Arching, crying (inconsolably) during initiation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... mRNA binding to cytosolic and poly- some proteins in brain and peripheral tissues. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 58, 170–177. 39. Lauger, P. (1991) Na,K-ATPase, in Electrogenic Ion Pumps, Sinauer, ... mechanism could explain the observed increases in glucose utilization and lactate production, without a concomitant increase in O 2 consumption upon brain stimulation (4–7,48,49). Since neurons consume ... transport into neurons (53,56). Upon activation of neurons with Glu in the presence of 4-CIN, tissue lactate accumulation could be observed (Fig. 3). 4-CIN induced lactate accumu- lation in brain slices,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... law” as manifested in State behavior and cooperative undertakings. Always realistic, she reminds us in this respect of the countervailing self-interest of States in exercising sovereignty over ... Industrial fumes produced in one State move across the border into a neighboring State, forming ‘‘acid rain” that ruins the forest s and crops in that other Stat e. As explained above, the media ... arbi- tral awards, 30 principles of public international law have proved insuffi- cient in coping with increasingly complicated matters arising from trans- boundary damage. Some early scholarly works...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20