series or voltage divider

... of conductors and insulators Resistors are often connected in series or in parallel, which will be discussed in the next sections 18 Resistors 2.4 Resistors in Series, or Voltage Divider Figure ... the input voltage Vin, depending on the ratio of the two resistors R1 and R2 In other words, the voltage divider “divides” the input voltage using two (or more) resistors connected in series The ... Another important term in basic circuitry is electrical voltage, or simply voltage Voltage is an electromotive force (EMF) that moves positive charges or electrons from one point to another Voltage...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 22:20

... is very predictable and therefore correctable Thermistors Another type of resistive sensor is the thermistor Low-cost thermistors often perform simple measurement or trip-point detection functions ... drilled in heatsink a Pentium or Similar Processor Socket b c PCB Figure 4.2 Three potential sensor locations for high-performance processor monitoring –12– Temperature Sensor Handbook Finally, in ... Temperature Sensor ( a to a 300 F) TL H 6685 – TRI-STATE is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL H 6685 Temperature Sensor Handbook...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 05:15

... resolution, suitability for remote measurement It can be used with great advantages over electronic sensors for in situ sensing to monitor or measurement in harsh environments or hazardous environment, ... is a smart monitoring for civil engineering, buildings and bridges; oil, gas, or electrical power generation industries [3,4] The application to geophysical exploration/monitoring is one of the ... output from a SFS is coupled to a FBG sensor by sensor OSA fc/apc connector The light reflected from the sensors is directed to OSA through 1550 nm output port of the WDM The resolution of the Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 14:20

... operation for BGR is the TC cancellation of forward voltage of a diode or base emitter voltage (VBE) of a bipolar transistor with a ΔVBE voltage (difference of VBE’s of two transistors) The former ... mandatory for application of voltage references for smart temperature sensor design In addition to TC, the other performance metric is Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), since ideal voltage ... illustrates the ratiometric sensing technique for a general temperature sensor for either PTAT voltage VPTAT or CTAT voltage VCTAT and reference voltage VREF Here, VOUT is the ratiometric output...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:33

... TC624 is set by a single external resistor Hysteresis is very important for controlling chatter, or “motorboating”, in control systems Semiconductor sensors provide low, repeatable hysteresis ... source is critical to ensure correct results Therefore, it is important to select the correct package for a particular task For example, protecting a microprocessor, such as Intel’s Pentium, is ... representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 11:38

... representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual ... indicator Depending on the position of the Heat/Cool selector switch, either the Heat or Cool LED indicator will be lit The second driver is used to drive the “Comfort Zone” LED indicator When ... 81-45-471-6122 Korea Microchip Technology Korea 168-1, Youngbo Bldg Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku Seoul, Korea 135-882 Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934 Singapore Microchip Technology Singapore Pte...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 11:38

... sensor by a factor of ten The sensor correction can also be implemented with a simple microcontroller lookup table routine where the correction temperature offsets are stored in nonvolatile memory ... temperature error curve will vary from sensor to sensor Thus, the optional temperature error adjustment requires a board-level calibration for each sensor ADC Resolution The resolution of the sensor is ... in temperature is relatively poor compared to other temperature sensors, such as plantium RTDs and thermistors For example, IC sensors are an excellent sensor for measuring the temperature of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 14:31

... the provide the mid-supply reference voltage (VDD/2) required for the singlesupply voltage circuit Resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider, while capacitor C5 is used to provide noise filtering ... or trip voltage to toggle the output to VSS as the voltage across the capacitor C1 charges The comparator sources current to charge the capacitor through the feedback resistor (R1) When the voltage ... Capacitor Selection Capacitors have relatively poor performance when compared with resistors and are usually the component that limits the accuracy of an oscillator Furthermore, precision capacitors...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 14:35

... 2nd order equation that describes the sensor error The equation is used to improve the typical sensor accuracy by compensating for the sensor error Linear Fit Derivation 1ST ORDER ERROR Error ... Lowest Operating Temperature ErrorT_hot = Error at Highest Oper Temp ErrorT_cold = Error at Lowest Oper Temp ErrorT_2 = 2nd order temperature error EC2 = 2nd order error coefficient Equation shows ... EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:35

... sol–gel method or vacuum deposition was considered to be amorphous with some coordinated and adsorbed water, but the amorphous state mainly consists of nanocrystals and short range order of the ... is essential for the accurate interpretation of the observed result Tungsten trioxides exist in several polymorphic forms, i.e monoclinic [8], hexagonal [9], and pyrochlore [10] forms around room ... center and oxygen atoms form every corners Monoclinic crystal structure may be considered as slightly-warped ReO3 type, or of warped perovskite (ABO3) with vacant A sites Corners of every octahedrons...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... he is a Cheung Kong Professor, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials at Zhejiang University His current research interests are semiconductor materials, including growth, ... electrodes by spin-coating, followed by annealing at 200 ◦ C for h before electrical and sensing measurement Gas sensing behavior of the ZnO nanosensors was measured at room temperature by using the Keithley ... indexed according to hexagonal structure ZnO from the inset of Fig 1b The morphology of sample was still nanoparticles and the size was about 10 nm (Fig 1c) However, a few short nanorods and nanoparticles...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... Sensors and Actuators B 129 (2008) 319–326 tical application In order to improve the performance of the gas sensor based on the PANI/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film and develop a usable NH3 gas sensor, ... of the reported NH3 gas sensor based on PANI [17,19] This indicates that the adsorption–desorption equilibrium shifts in the desorption direction with increasing temperature [17] Accordingly, ... sample was stored in air, whereas the response of the sensor to NH3 decreased by a factor of 2–3 during 30 days Therefore, the lack of long-term stability of the fabricated sensor was of concern...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... These results are in good accordance with the data in Fig Response time is one of the most important parameters for all sensors Generally, this property of a gas sensor mainly depends upon the ... surface and heated at 700 ◦ C for h in open air, resulting in formation of arrays of LSCO nanotubes in the inside of the pores of the AAO template 2.4 Characterization The morphologies of the LSCO nanowires ... into the sol for a desired period of time and then removed, the excess sol on the membrane surface was wiped off using a laboratory tissue, followed by drying under vacuum at 100 ◦ C for 24 h The...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... hundred ppb for ethanol or tens of ppb for H2 S was shown A linear dependence of the sensor sensitivity with the concentration was found for ethanol and a quadratic one for H2 S The sensor behaviour ... measurement was followed by a purging process in order to recuperate the sensor’s baseline Furthermore, the resistance of the sensor was monitored in air before a test gas was introduced into the measurement ... the sensor resistance was observed This is a normal drift phenomenon for semiconductor gas sensors and was probably due to the moisture content that accumulated with time in the interior of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... / Sensors and Actuators B 131 (2008) 183–189 to replace Au, Pd and Pt Silver is probably a suitable one In this paper, we reported for the first time the preparation of Ag/␣-Fe2 O3 sensors by ... O3 sensor to H2 S was also measured for comparison The results are shown in Fig It can be seen obviously from Fig that the undoped sensor has a poor response to H2 S, while the doped sensors with ... conductance of the semiconductor The oxygen adsorbed on the surface directly influences the conductance of the ␣-Fe2 O3 -based sensors The amount of oxygen adsorbed on sensor surface depends on the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... New approaches for improving semiconductor gas sensors, Sens Actuators B (1991) 7–19 [2] W Gopel, K.D Schierbaum, SnO2 sensors: current status and future prospects, Sens Actuators B 26 (1995) ... heterojunction Authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for financial support through the scheme no SR/S2/CMP-82/2006 992 D.S Dhawale et al / Sensors and Actuators B 134 ... heterojunction sensor with LPG concentration Conclusions In the present work, for the first time, we have succeeded in fabrication of a p-polyaniline/n-TiO2 heterojunction for a room temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... C for short duration ͑Ͻ60 s͒ or by illuminating 365-nm-UV light for about 10 s These phenomena are probably due to the activated desorption process of adsorbent species by imparted thermal or ... nanorod-based films with a high surface-tovolume ratio and active adsorption sites The facile vapor detection of WO2.72 nanorod sensor at ambient temperatures might be successfully employed for ... work was supported in part by the NRL and basic research programs of the ETRI and in part by the national research program for the 0.1 Terabit Non-volatile Memory Development sponsored by Korea...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... C for short duration ͑Ͻ60 s͒ or by illuminating 365-nm-UV light for about 10 s These phenomena are probably due to the activated desorption process of adsorbent species by imparted thermal or ... nanorod-based films with a high surface-tovolume ratio and active adsorption sites The facile vapor detection of WO2.72 nanorod sensor at ambient temperatures might be successfully employed for ... work was supported in part by the NRL and basic research programs of the ETRI and in part by the national research program for the 0.1 Terabit Non-volatile Memory Development sponsored by Korea...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... / Sensors and Actuators B 124 (2007) 24–29 Fig Isothermal kinetic sensor response at 523 K to various ozone concentrations time are very important parameters for evaluating sensor performance ... parameters have been optimized to obtain sensors which exhibit the best performance In the present work we report on electrical responses of WO3 based sensors for ozone detection WO3 thin films are deposited ... sensors in the presence of ozone So, in our work a theoretical model has been developed to compute the WO3 sensor responses in the presence of different ozone concentrations and for various working...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:12

... either of the coils for heating the sensors and the circuit voltage (V C = 10 V) was supplied across the sensors and the load resistor (R L = k ) connected in series The signal voltage across the ... 500◦ C for 10 h The thin film sensors were set up in a glass test chamber with a volume of 0.18 m3 and kept under a continuous flow of fresh air for 10 before measurement The operating voltage ... result indicates that the sample was amorphous or in a weak polycrystalline state (see Fig 1(b)) The diffraction pattern recorded for the sample heated at 500◦ C for 10 h shows many sharp peaks which...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:12