sensitivity studies for finite element meshes

... Industrialization NY: Oxford University Press Avgerou, C., Cornford, T 1995 Limitations of information systems theory and practice: A case for pluralism in Falkenberg et al., Information Systems Concepts: ... like to express my heartfelt appreciation to Dr Julian Wright for his effort to maintain the IO workshop, which provides a platform for the researchers in economic and IS fields to exchange ideas ... Undergraduate Degree programs in Information Systems The DATA- BASE for Advances in Information Systems, Vol.28, No 1, Winter Dewan, S., Kraemer, K L., 2000 Information technology and productivity:...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... absence of a closed-form expression for the handoff arrival rate requires an alternate method, which commonly involves the use of iterative algorithms [7] One standard formula for the calculation ... iterative form, (6)) for the calculation of the handoff arrival rate (λh ), we instead use the basic expression from which (5) is derived (see [8, 13] for details) In general, the value for λh is ... =l P j (k) is a monotone sequence in k for each l Therefore all these sequences have a limit as k → ∞, and consequently P j (k) has a limit for all j Therefore, taking limits in (11), we get lim...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... precisely O(n + |V||V'|) for a preprocessing step, after which we can use O(|V||V'|) for calculating shared(T, T'), O(|V||V'|{id, id'}) for calculating nonshared(T,T'), O(|V|) for calculating shared(T,T) ... set Ensures: Res = shared(T, T') Res ← for v internal node in T for v' internal node in T' Page of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Algorithms for Molecular Biology 2006, 1:16 http://www.almob.org/content/1/1/16 ... trees The running time for the new algorithm compared to the existing O(n2d2) and O(n3) time algorithms for random and r8s trees The lines are fitted polynomial c n2, for the case of the new...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... them for experiments Human beings hunt and fish for pleasure Hunter-gatherer societies also hunt for food and clothing There have been long and heated debates about the moral justifications for ... Methods for Law (Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2007) 159; John Baldwin and Gwynn Davis, 'Empirical Research in Law' in Peter Cane and Mark Tushnet (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies (Oxford ... Other Living Things (Oxford University Press, 2000) 12 See for example, Carruthers, above n 11, 75, 84; and R.G Frey, Interests and Rights: The Case Against Animals (Oxford University Press,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2015, 14:02

... in detector by each particle For modeling the efficiencies of the hyperpure HP Ge detector (GMX) based on MCNP4C2 we need to provide an input file containing the information involved to the cross-section ... crystal is still unknown Therefore, it is necessary to firstly specify it To determine the thickness of this dead layer, we modeled the peak eficiencies of the detector for gamma rays at 1.332 MeV, ... good agreement between them within the errors ranging from 0.51% - 7.93% for the volumeric source and from 0.46% to 5.57% for the disk source Acknowledgements This work is carried out with the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 04:20

... Women’s income as a percentage of men’s income for full time, full year employment was 72.5%; for hourly wages, 80%; for those with university degrees, 74%; for all men and women, 63%; and median after ... childcare in the 1990s have involved decreasing affordability of childcare for Canadian families, decreasing availability of affordable spaces for working families, reductions in quality of childcare ... Baker and Fortin [13] concerning the enhancing effects for income enjoyed by women in unionised positions In the Society at a Glance Report, the OECD calculated the gender wage gap for member...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... insurance contributions for jobs in the low-wage sector, hoping that this would also generate revenues for the pension insurance scheme (630-DM-Reform) However, both reforms had the opposite effect ... unions that made reform of the labour market practically impossible For example, the government suspended a rule forcing firms to reimburse the unemployment insurance fund for benefits paid to ... strategies to circumvent government efforts to contain costs Doctors enjoy considerable autonomy in writing bills for treatment and setting fees for their services For example, pharmaceutical producers...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... captured by big business, it risks stirring up protest For example, the recent demands for term limits for legislators and for campaign finance reform sent a loud message to elected officials that the ... private agencies for services they provide to clients who qualify for these benefits.12 Similarly, federal rent subsidies for the poor are paid to private landlords, and food stamps pay for food bought ... services compete for scarce federal dollars Government spending for military purposes, especially but not only during wartime, drains funds available for social welfare (and other) purposes For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:17

... rewritten in the form s sin sπ p1 + p2 + O(1) = 2p1 p2 (20) Obviously, for large s, Equation 20 has an infinite set of roots Thus, the theorem is proved Asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues and ... representation for n ® ∞: un (x) = u1n (x) for x ∈ 0, π , u2n (x) for x ∈ π , π , where u1n(x) and u2n(x) defined as in (34) and (36), respectively Conclusion In this study, first, we obtain asymptotic formulas ... Equation 20 If formulas (21)-(23) are taken into consideration, it can be shown by differentiation with respect to s that for large s this expression has bounded derivative It is obvious that for large...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... analysis on the original ensemble average HNR formula in the presence of shimmer is performed, which results in a general form of Ferrer’s correcting formula [12] and allows the suppression of the ... prerequisite for some of the mentioned jitter correction methods DTW and FDA, for instance, depart from considering equal amplitude pulses to determine the required expansion/compression of the waveform ... [13] and later Zero Phase Transforms (ZPTs) [14] of individual pulses prior to averaging to reduce waveform variability (and jitter) influences in the template For the same purpose the ensemble...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... of the book and for information on the early history of the International Society for Applied Ethology, Jia Meng for data on companion animal populations, Andrew Tribe for information on zoo ... Welfare Strategy for cover photography, to the late David Piggins for helpful discussions on the chapter on Empathy, Martin Phillips for a tour of London art galleries, Donald Broom for the opportunity ... is writing about vii viii Foreword This book provides readers with a vast array of original material As such it will form a vitally important resource and text book for students and members of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... can be described by the coefficient of Gn, we can call this g1 for experience G1, g2 for G2 and gn for Gn etc So, the equation for animal welfare becomes: W ¼ g1 G1 þ g2 G2 :::::gn Gn Àb1 B1 ... experienced on the rangeland There are further complications, for although most lay people perceive that the provision of grazing for cattle is good for their welfare (Hemsworth et al., 1995), expert opinion ... the key element is whether animals are living in a natural environment and in particular whether they have the ability to perform natural behaviour Many people have a strong respect for, and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... best for the native animal Charles Darwin believed that nature prepares animals better for environmental challenges than artificial breeding: ’Man selects only for his own good, Nature only for ... the forest now that they have motorbikes to go to the villages for the foodstuffs that they cannot get from the forest, such as sugar and rice However, their natural coexistence with other forest ... reciprocal altruism cannot be dismissed Caring for pets is linked to caring for humans in some studies (see review by Paul, 2000) and may be considered a form of generalisation, but in one study the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... government This has brought the opportunity for more social responsibility in governments and also for the people to demonstrate their concern for the less fortunate members of society, including ... distraction for the animal concerned is one possible indicator of mental suffering Broom and Johnson (1993) suggest that stereotypies performed for 40% of the time indicate very poor welfare, those performed ... conditions for ruminant animals? Using abnormal behaviour as indicators of pain and distress may therefore be feasible for ‘extrovert’ species such as pigs and chickens that readily perform such...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... mathematical index for use in the field After it is formulated, it is important to test the accuracy of the welfare index So for an index for zoos, for example, each enclosure can be rated for the different ... animals in the systems that are the focus of the study So, for space availability for chimpanzees, the levels could be providing enough space for individuals to escape from dominant animals all of ... being all of the time, some of the time or never For stocking density of animals in transport, we could choose enough space for the animal to perform most normal behaviours, enough to turn around...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... most instances for the forseeable future The minimum level of care afforded to animals managed by humans could be that which they would get in the wild, assuming that there is a niche for them to ... and dogs for example, whose owners afford them all the luxuries that many humans aspire to Other highly valued animals, such as those with rare genetics that are used for breeding animals for sale, ... form of a local council presiding over the village people Sometimes the poor living conditions for the people and lack of opportunities for work means that companion animals are badly cared for...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... conditions for farm animals for over one hundred years, the objective was to increase profit from animals, rather than improving their welfare per se Many of the principles for animal welfare reform ... British scientists, the foremost of which were David Woodgush, Donald Broom and Marian Dawkins The forum for such scientists to meet and discuss their new interest was the Society for Veterinary Ethology,1 ... trend is for an increasing demand for science in the course, in response to public demand Today’s students are likely to be concerned about the ethics of animal use Decision Making for the Treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... with eels for example it is particularly slow As well as utilization of fish for food and recreation, there are fish used for ornamental purposes and fish held in aquaria in restaurants before being ... farms, for example by removing hedges between fields, providing housing for animals and access roads for hill stock The emphasis was on increasing production with little consideration for either ... increased use of large numbers of animals for genetic modification experiments Although his sources of information are not clear, his total use of animals for research, at 75–100 million per year...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20

... consequences for our requirements for farmed livestock Consumers are now better educated and require more information on the items available for purchase More comprehensive and informative food ... facilities required for animals in detail There will be increased emphasis on the establishment and maintenance of global standards for animal welfare These are starting to be formulated by consensus ... Union However there will be a major role for international organizations with responsibility for animal welfare, in particular the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) This organization...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:20