selection of ecological indicators for monitoring terrestrial systems

... of Ecological Indicators for Assessment of Ecosystem Health Handbook of Ecological Indicators for Assessment of Ecosystem Health Edited by Sven E Jørgensen Robert Costanza Fu-Liu Xu Library of ... of the other chapters (chapters to 15) by presenting: A discussion of the selection of ecological indicators for assessment of ecosystem health A classification of indicators The definition of ... Application of Indicators for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health S.E Jørgensen, F.-L Xu, F Salas, and J.C Marques 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Criteria for the Selection of Ecological Indicators for EHA...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 20:20

... dissemination of ecological modeling and ecological management of aquatic ecosystems, mainly lakes and wetlands Robert Costanza is Gordon Gund professor of ecological economics and director of the Gund ... assessment of ecosystem health A classification of indicators The definition of some important holistic indicators An overview of all the applied ecological indicators with indication of where ... Definition of Level and Indicators — Holistic Indicators 2.9 An Overview of Applicable Ecological Indicators for EHA 2.10 EHA: Procedures 2.10.1 Direct Measurement Method (DMM) 2.10.2 Ecological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... number of the ith species 2.9 AN OVERVIEW OF APPLICABLE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EHA Table 2.5 gives an overview of the classes of ecological indicators (see the eight levels in section of this ... 2.1 CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR EHA Von Bertalanffy characterized the evolution of complex systems in terms of four major attributes:1 Progressive ... use of ecological indicators for EHA As mentioned in section 2, level indicators have been widely used for EHA of rivers and may also be used in most other ecosystems Similarly, concentrations of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... HANDBOOK OF ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH discussing how their usage can be improved for environment health assessment The possible relation between values of these indicators ... n1 ẳ number of individuals of suspensivores feeders n2 ẳ number of individuals of interface feeders n3 ẳ number of individuals of surface deposit feeders n4 ẳ number of individuals of subsurface ... application of ecological indicators for assessing the biological integrity and environmental quality in coastal ecosystems and transitional waters The possible characteristics of a good ecological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 28 and 29 for details for 29 Chinese lakes; bfor 30 Italian lakes a Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis 5.2.2.4 Indicators for Lake Ecosystem Health Assessment Ecological indicators for lake ... procedure for assessing lake ecosystem health Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis 5.2.2 Development of Indicators 5.2.2.1 The Procedure for Developing Indicators The flow chart for developing indicators ... breakup of lake ecosystems altogether.3,4 Studies on lake ecosystem health therefore have important and practical significance for the restoration of ecosystem health and the maintenance of their ecological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... use ecological indicators that will allow a comparison of the health of the ecosystem from several scenario analyses Historically, the health of an ecosystem has been measured using indices of ... components; for example, macrophytes and zooplankton Such indices are generally inadequate because they are not broad enough to reflect the complexity of ecosystems It is therefore necessary for the indicators ... the biological variables: for phytoplankton, for zooplankton, for bacteria and for Ulva 6.3.2 Discrete Stage-Based Model of Tapes Philippinarum Knowing the importance of Tapes philippinarum in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... the matter in form of species with more information may take place Increased information gives increased possibility to build even more exergy (information) The respiration levels for the various ... application of thermodynamic indicators for the assessment of ecosystem health in environmental management can probably be derived from these results Figure 7.1 gives an example of the steady-state ... Figure 7.1 Flow diagram of the fish community of Tamiahua Lagoon, Mexico The diagram indicates the results by use of ECOPATH II in g/m2 for biomasses and in g/m2/year for rates 7.1 INTRODUCTION...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... much one of developing new indicators, but rather one of setting criteria for selecting indicators and evaluating the combination of indicators that may best be used to evaluate the health of marine ... No for the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries: Indicators for Sustainable Development of Marine Capture Fisheries.’’13 These guidelines were produced to support the implementation of ... modification, especially of coastal and shelf systems, is of growing concern for marine ecosystems Mangroves are being cleared at an alarming rate for aquaculture, removing essential habitat for juvenile...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... University of Perugia (Italy), 1998 Ludovisi, A and Poletti, A Use of thermodynamic indices as ecological indicators of the development state of lake ecosystems Entropy production indices Ecological ... results of a comparison of four types of system at different levels having the same number of bits of structural information One thousand bits of molecular glucose, algae, forest and science journal ... several aquatic ecosystems Two of the water bodies used for comparison are in North Carolina, U.S., and are part of a group of similar systems, constructed to purify urban wastewater Of the six ponds...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... health quality of the whole society There is therefore a severe need for development of a coherent system of information on ‘‘environmental’’ quality of agricultural products This information should ... content of the flows is estimated by taking into account the total primary energy expenses needed for their formation Thus, for example, the energy equivalent of electricity is the heat equivalent of ... conditions, because the estimation of impact of agroecosystems on the environment was not foreseen The problem arises of how to estimate agriculture pressure and the degree of environmental degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... complex webs of interactions, it is hard to select a small number of indicators which are capable of representing the whole variety of aspects describing the state of ecological systems To proceed ... approaches — the state of ecosystems on an integrative level The indicators are proposed to be used as representatives for the capacity of self-organization in ecological systems which is the selected ... accumulation of toxic substances) Delocalized effects (e.g., forest effects of ammonia from slurry) Integration of ecological processes and relations into planning procedures Representation of ecological...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... of the interactions between adjacent ecological systems, ’’ (di Castri et al., 1988) Therefore the nature of a habitat’s edge is not just a property of a specific habitat, but is the outcome of ... ancient forests, still present during the ducat of Parma at the end of the eighteenth century Around the end of the nineteenth century, much of the forests in the piedmont and hills were cleared for ... (Gell-Mann, 1994; Li, 2000) A spatial ecological phase transition, or ecotone, is a ‘‘zone of transition between adjacent ecological systems, having a set of characteristics uniquely defined by...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... billions of years and a huge amount of total emergy Table 14.6 provides very average data for tropical forest ecosystems and of course represents only ‘‘order of magnitude’’ estimates of the costs of ... 14.5 EMERGY AND INFORMATION Ecosystems create, store, and cycle information The cycles of material driven by energy are also cycles of information Ecosystems, driven by a spectrum of input resources ... processes of terrestrial ecosystems giving several transformities for each Within each category transformities vary almost one order of magnitude reflecting the differences in total driving energy of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Waste imported for final treatment and disposal Memorandum items for balancing O2 for combustion (of C, H, S, N ) O2 for respiration Nitrogen for emission from combustion Air for other industrial ... kinds of industrial processes, but is very often disregarded, and calls for a careful assessment of the consequences that the technological choices of a country may have on other areas of the ... with the magnitude of resource extraction and the subsequent material flows that end up as waste or emission According to the concept of the ecological rucksack, a set of distinct indicators have...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... for the pre-eutrophication state of the Ythan of 34.4% and 27%, respectively Formal exploration of mass-balance models of Ythan Estuary system at different stages of the eutrophication process is ... order of a few g ww mÀ2, whereas now 40% of the estuary is covered by algal mats of biomass of at least kg mÀ2 (Raffaelli et al., 1999) In contrast, the biomasses and productivities of most of other ... 16.3 Nutrient loads (kg/day) in the Ythan River upstream of the town of Ellon and therefore representing run-off from the catchment, 95% of which is agricultural Data from SEPA and Leach (1971),...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... state of environment or SOE report on the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy For such SOE or health assessments, data and information are required from a large number of indicators used for monitoring ... review of indicators on MEH (not differentiated from MEQ), reached two conclusions useful to the discussion of appropriate indicators for the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine: The development of indicators ... ‘‘The concept of ecological integrity, alternative theories of ecology, and implications for decision-support indicators, ’’ in Economic, Ecological, and Decision Theories Indicators of Ecologically...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij U.S Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Guide for the Selection of Communication ... Coordination by: Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8102 Prepared for: National Institute of Justice Office of Science and Technology ... guide was prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S Department of Justice, by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards of the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Interagency...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:20

... potential for application of ALOS imagery for monitoring the status of coral health in coastal waters of Vietnam sea REFERENCES [1] H.X Ben, Vo S T, Hoang P.K, 2008 Mass mortality of corals and ... allow us to detect the phenomena of coral bleaching in somewhere of coastal water of Viet Nam  Detection some evidences of acidification processes in offshore water of Vietnam Increased fossil fuel ... samples for obtaining underwater surveyed data (figure 3) Figure 2: Positions of sand sites help for calculating the Depth Invariance Index in the Map of Sediment Distribution in coastal waters of...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2014, 14:07

... single set of beamforming weights for the users) For the indoor channel of interest to us, a reasonable choice of the tile size is 18 contiguous subcarriers (i.e., frequency “bin”) by 24 OFDM symbols ... estimation and tracking of the time-frequency covariance structure of the channel, and is therefore potentially less robust For the indoor system parameters considered, the performance of the two techniques ... above, these results are derived for rather unrealistic models of cellular systems A complementary body of work on network MIMO focuses on the performance evaluation of specific system architectures...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... CINR for configuration of single HAPs point with the terrestrial systems 150 50 50 Distance (km) 100 Distance (km) 100 Max CINR for configuration of single HAPs point with the terrestrial systems ... consider the effect of the antenna beamwidth on performance by setting the beamwidth of both HAP and terrestrial station antennas to degrees The important system parameters for the HAP, terrestrial station, ... CINR contour plot of single HAP with multiple antenna beams with terrestrial systems (b) Final CINR contour plot of single HAP with multiple antenna beams with terrestrial systems after applying...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20