... overview of the results of the mechanical and metallurgical analysisof structural steel from the World Trade Center (WTC), part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Investigation of ... some sort of coating has preserved the fireproofing in place 54 Figure 6–11 Missing fireproofing on flanges of exterior columns of north face of WTC Fireproofing has come off, revealing ... respectively, of WTC and the positions of these slabs changed over time This suggests a progression of failure of certain parts of the flooring in this area of the tower At the moment of collapse of WTC...
... construction stage analysis capability of MIDAS/Civil comprises an activate/deactivate concept of Structure Groups, Boundary Groups, and Load Groups The analysis sequence of construction stage analysis ... strength of concrete at the age of 28 days (35000) Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40 ~ 99) (70) Notational size of member (1) Type of cement>Normal or rapid hardening cement (N, R) Age of ... Construction Stage Analysisof Prestressed Concrete Box Bridge (FCM) using General Functions There are four types of loads in the construction stage analysis They are the self-weight of structure,...
... Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th ed., AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 1996 American Institute ofSteel Construction, Manual ofSteel ... modulus of elasticity of the composite may not approach that ofsteel Only with the use of very high modulus fibers (above 350 GPa), will the tensile modulus of the composite approach that ofsteel ... the results of a study ofbridge dead loads with various types of conventional and composite bridge decks Table 51.3 provides a summary of this comparison for a 76.2-m-long bascule bridge and...
... through consideration of intermediate torsional support provided by secondary framing For example, the rotation of the spandrel girder cannot exceed the total end rotation of the beam and connection ... by evaluating the torsional stiffness of the member subjected to torsion relative to the rotational stiffness of the loading system The bending stiffness of the restraining member depends upon ... diaphragm may be designed with diagonal steel "kickers," as shown in Figure 2.4, to provide the lateral forces In either case, this eliminates torsional loading of the spandrel beam or girder Also,...
... Reconstruction and repair ofsteelhighway bridges damaged by the Great Hanshin earthquake, in Bridge Management, Vol 3, Thomas Telford, 1996, 8–16 31 JRA, Specifications ofHighway Bridges, Japan Road ... Ductile seismic retrofit ofsteel deck-truss bridges ΙΙ: design applications, J Struct Eng ASCE, 124 (11), 1263–1271,1998 56 Sarraf, M and Bruneau, M., Ductile seismic retrofit ofsteel deck-truss bridges ... Button, M R., Seismic Design and Retrofit Manual for Highway Bridges, Report No FHWA-IP-87-6, U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1986 21 CHBDC, Canadian Highway Bridge...
... 54.2 Number ofhighwaysteelbridge constructions in Japan 54.3 Database ofSteel Weights The Japan Association ofSteelBridge Construction (JASBC) publishes an annual report on steelbridge construction ... database ofsteelhighway bridges is formed to assess designs by analyzing them statistically No two bridges are exact replicas of each other because of the infinite variety of site conditions Each bridge ... 54 Statistics ofSteel Weight ofHighway Bridges 54.1 54.2 Introduction Design Criteria Live Loads • Materials 54.3 54.4 Database ofSteel Weights Statistics ofSteel Weights Simply Supported...
... Design and Retrofit Manual for Highway Bridges,” FHWA-IP-87-6 • Seismic Retrofitting Guidelines for Highway Bridges,” FHWA/RD-83/007 • Seismic Design ofHighwayBridge Foundations,” (3 volumes): ... of Live Load for the Seismic Design ofHighway Bridges,” 10th U.S.-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Lake Tahoe, May 1994 Kelly, T E., and Jones, D M., Case Studies of Seismically Isolated Bridges, ... substructure 5.4.4—Methods ofanalysis for seismic isolation design The basic premise of the seismic isolation design provisions is two-fold: SEISMICANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CONCRETE BRIDGE SYSTEMS 341.2R-23...
... 1.2.4 Retrofit ofsteel structure using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) If the seismic adequacy ofsteel platform is insufficient, seismic retrofitting may be required Seismic retrofitting refers ... regardless of the value of out -of straightness; the effectiveness of CFRP retrofitting increases as the values of out -of- straightness of the column increases In order to investigate the application of ... low seismic loads and to investigate possible seismic retrofitting techniques if needed 1.2 Literature review 1.2.1 Seismic hazard analysis The seismic hazard analysis refers to the estimation of...
... determination of the midpoint reduction potentials of flavin cofactors, and also of the haems in the case of NOS and P450 BM3 In spectroelectrochemical titrations of the isolated domains, the lack of overlapping ... potentiometric analysisof the wild-type and mutant proteins to probe any thermodynamic consequences of mutation; and (b) studies of the kinetics of flavin reduction by reducing coenzymes in the absence of ... simply be explained in terms of large-scale changes in the potentiometric properties of their cofactors Stopped-flow kinetic analysisof electron transfer Reduction of the wild-type and mutant...
... Determination of axial resistance factors of drilled shafts according to soil base strength On the basis ofanalysis results of statistical characteristics of resistance bias factor (λR) of the four ... Synthetic table of survey data of experimental results of drilled shafts under static load test in HCMC area and comparision with a number of research works of foreign authors Work of Present thesis ... characteristics of the nominal resistance, mainly calculated from the variability of characteristic parameters of the ground around the pile, the pile size, level of expertise (professional) of human...
... push-over analysis approach for bridgeseismic design Additional examples and detailed discussions of nonlinear bridgeanalysis can be found in the literature [7, 37] 36.7.1 Displacement-Based Seismic ... 36.1 Lateral load–displacement curves of a frame some of the basic formulations of nonlinear static analysis with their practical applications to seismicbridge design will be presented here The ... nonlinearities for section and frame analysis Two examples are given to illustrate the applications of static nonlinear push-over analysis in bridgeseismic design 36.2 Analysis Classification and General...
... the designers based on the importance rank of the bridge The fundamental task for seismic design of a bridge structure is to ensure a bridge s capability of functioning at the anticipated service ... The first level of design concerns control of the performance of a bridge in earthquake events that have relatively small magnitude but may occur several times during the life of the bridge The second ... second level of design consideration is to control the performance of a bridge under severe earthquakes that have only a small probability of occurring during the useful life of the bridge In the...
... while the total displacement of dam taken from experimental model is 6.9mm Seismic sliding analysisof Suoisap dam Suoisap dam is being built in Suoisap stream a branch of Da river, Sonla province ... arrangement for the simulation of hydrostatic pressure A rigid rectangular steel tank (Figure 3) of 0.230m x 0400 m cross- section and 1.1m height was used for this purpose The side of the tank adjacent ... coefficient of static friction at the dam-foundation interface was 0.72 The mass of the dam model was 186 kg and the height of the water in the tests was 0.95m The input motion was a sine function of...
... 7:137 http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/137 Page of 10 pathogenicity index of 2.8 A LP AIV of the H9N2 subtype, was isolated from some of the same flocks infected with the H7N3 HP AIV This ... Phylogenetic analysisof H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from the live bird markets of the Northeast United States J Virol 1999, 73:3567-3573 19 Drummond AJ, Rambaut A: BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis ... gene of chicken/Pakistan/ 447/1995 which is most closely related to the PB2 of duck/Alberta/228/1985, which is suggestive of a reassortment event with wild bird origin AIVs Also, the majority of...
... cleavage site of F gene Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic analysisof partial F gene nucleotide sequences of NDV isolates was done by comparing them with already published F gene sequences of both ... a better picture of mixed infection of both NDV and AIV Mixed infection of AIV and NDV in waterfowl has been reported earlier [17,18] A large amount of sequence data on NDVs isolated throughout ... motif of monobasic amino acids at their F gene cleavage sites Phylogenetically distant relationship of NDVs of this study with vaccine strains indicates that in spite of the regular use of live...
... investigate the evolutionary stasis of the NS gene, we analyzed the nucleotide and protein sequences of NS1 and NEP ofisolated viruses Each of the NS genes consisted of 890 nucleotides; there were ... comparison of nucleotide sequences ofisolated viruses revealed a substantial number of silent mutations, which results in high degree of homology in protein sequences The degree of variation ... μl of DMPC water, μl of 5× First Strand buffer (Invitrogen), 0.5 μl of 10 mM dNTP mix (Amersham Biosciences), μl of 50 mM random primers (pdN6), 32 U of RNAguard (Amersham Biosciences), 200 U of...
... of four CVD risk groups: low, medium, high and very high Calculation of Costs The methods of economic evaluation include cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis, ... is the cost of NNT for years to prevent one adverse event of one alternative less the cost of the base case In calculations of the incremental costs of the NNT for years by types of outcome, ... be used to assess the trade-off between costs and benefits in choices of antihypertensive treatment regimens The primary aim of this analysis was to examine cost of the diuretic-based antihypertensive...
... 44 4.1 Unit cost ofsteel plate (Lwin, 2002) 62 4.2 Height ofsteel box girder in difference type ofsteel grade .63 4.3 Cost ofsteel material in difference type ofsteel grade 63 4.4 ... weight ofsteel girder and Negative moment Steel girder + Top slab Steel girder Steel girder + Top slab Steel girder Steel girder +Top slab Steel girder + Bottom slab Steel girder + Top slab Steel ... applied over 200 bridges for prestressed concrete bridges, preflex bridges and steel box-girder bridges In order to understand the primary idea of up-down method, the comparison of single and continuous...