sampling dna extraction and polymerase chain reaction pcr

... docked-UDP ligand and the actual UDP ligand Superimposition of one docked-ADP ligand and the actual ADP ligand Superimposition of the catalytic regions of the open SPS-F6P complex (cyan) and the closed ... Material and Methods 2.2.1 Cloning, expression and purification Primers containing BamH1 and Kpn1 restriction sites at the 5’ and 3’ ends respectively were used in PCR to amplify the spsA gene The PCR ... Material and Methods 3.2.1 Cloning, expression and purification 3.2.2 Crystallization 3.2.3 Data collection, structure solution and refinement 3.2.4 Structure solution and refinement Results and Discussion...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:08

... radicals and the decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance (7) The vascular and ... Popliteal and pedal pulses were absent bilaterally with poor capillary refill The left foot was red and inflamed up to and including the medial malleolus The lateral aspect of the great toe and second ... abnormalities and diseases such as type diabetes mellitus, obesity and the metabolic syndrome (30) In these conditions there is an elevation of both glucose and free fatty acid levels in the blood and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... monochromator, and Glan-Thompson polarizers using quartz cuvettes with continuous stirring of the suspension, bandwidths of nm for excitation and nm for emission, and excitation and emission wavelengths ... potential and volume homeostasis of mitochondria Cell 91, 627–637 27 Haugland RP (1996) Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals, 6th edn Molecular Probes, Inc, Eugene, OR 28 Chandra ... the C5 and C11 carbons of the phospholipid acyl chains (interfacial probe), reporting essentially structural information on this region of the bilayer [35] As observed in Fig 1C, both DPH and TMADPH...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... pre-treatment of mice with LA (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p) significantly reduced the volume (μL) of the edema in the 2nd (31 and 41%), rd (30 and 50%) and 4th (23 and 27%) hours after administration ... of the inflammatory process, and by prostaglandin and bradykinin in later stages On the other hand, paw edema induced by dextran although also mediated by histamine and serotonin does not involve ... injection and after 1, 2, 3, and 24 h The paw edema volume was determined by the difference between the final and initial volumes Dextran-induced mice paw edema The treatment of animals and measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... metabolites TFV-DP and FTC-TP [30]; and (2) DEC or DEC-like complex formation by TFV-terminated DNA and HIV-1 RT in the presence of the FTC-TP or EFV, and by FTC-MP-terminated DNA and HIV-1 RT in ... formation assay DNA primers D19, D25, and D26 were 5'-end labeled with T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) and [γ-32P]ATP as previously described [69] All DNA/ DNA primer/templates ... TFV-terminated DNA/ RT/FTC-TP and FTC-MP-terminated DNA/ RT/TFV-DP to test the hypothesis that the incoming NRTI might act as the next nucleotide to the chain- terminated primer and form a DEC,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:21

... Qin-ming, Xueping and Edna) I am very grateful for their willingness to share with me their reagents and protocols Thank you once again Paul, Husna and Rebecca, for your time and effort spent ... strain of dengue virus type XIII NS Non Structural PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PFU Plaque Forming Unit PI Propidium Iodide RdRp RNA dependent RNA polymerase RFU Relative Fluorescence Unit SAR Structure ... also extended to Dr Mary NG and Dr Yuru DENG, for their critical views on my work and concern on my progress during my studies I am also very grateful to Dr Jolanda Smit and Dr Jan Wilschut, my previous...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) SU5416 Sugen FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT, FMS and PDGFR SU11248 Sugen FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT, FMS and PDGFR MLN518 Millenium FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT ... of thousands of DNA probes arranged as an array on a solid surface to interrogate the abundance and/ or binding ability of DNA or RNA target molecules The DNA probes that are used in a DNA microarray ... and mutant) KIT PDGFR PKC412 Novartis L-000021649 Merck and FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) PKC, VEGFR and PDGFR FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) and VEGFR Responses of patients: 5% blasts in bone marrow...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:18

... Plasmid DNA preparation 63 2.4.7 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 63 2.4.8 DNA purification 64 2.4.9 64 Reverse Transcriptase PCR 2.4.10 Site-directed mutagenesis Cell culture 66 2.5.1 Maintenance and ... the GG lab, past and present, for having created a friendly and interesting environment to work in, especially Dr Ben McCaw, for his training and patience early in my candidature and Judy Saw for ... guidance and understanding throughout my PhD candidature My thanks also extend to my PhD supervisory committee members, A/Prof Cao Xinmin and A/Prof Low Boon Chuan, for their suggestions and advice...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:06

... K+-ATPase and Naf, K f -ATPase H Voltage-gated Na+ channel Ligand- and voltage-gated K+ channels + Voltage- and ligand-gated Ca2+channels and ~ a /Ca2+ antiporter CFTR, voltage-gated C channels and ... aminoglycosidases Protein synthesis x Tables DNA- dependent RNA and DNA synthesis and topoisomerases Dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase HIV- integrase and HIV- reverse transcriptase Actin, ... Structure andfunction of ionotropic receptors 88 - - Ion pumps, ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels 4.1 Introduction 123 4.2 Ion pumps 123 4.3 Voltage-gatedNui channels 4.4 Ligand-regulated and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 05:20

... 0.1 U ACS and 50–100 lL diluted medium All components were added with the exception of MDH and citrate synthase and the resulting absorbance at 340 nm was measured (A1) MDH was added and the absorbance ... 80S-subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and prevents the initiation and elongation reaction of protein biosynthesis The mycelium of pregrown cultures was washed and transferred to fresh medium containing ... conditions Carbon and energy sources were: 50 mM glucose; 50 mM glucose and 100 mM sodium propionate; 50 mM glucose, 100 mM sodium acetate, and 100 mM sodium propionate; 100 mM sodium acetate and 100 mM...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... MPO, LPO and their intermediates The absorption spectrum of MPO is characterized by an intense Soret peak at kmax ¼ 430 nm and weaker bands at 570, 620 and 690 nm, whereas at 370 nm and 496 nm, ... rapidly inactivates LPO and generates Cpd III (with bands at 424, 550 and 588 nm) (Table 2) In contrast to MPO, LPO Cpd III spectral pattern is clearly distinct from that of Cpd II and can be easily ... a reaction loop involving Cpd III, Cpd II and a ferrous form of LPO Although, they cannot exclude the intervention of H2O2 as electron-donor Such a reaction scheme is cited 4406 E Ghibaudi and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... free VIIa–TF and some other VIIa–TF-containing species (b) If the hypothesis of Baugh et al (Scheme 2) is supplemented with another hypothetical reaction of inhibition of the X–VIIa–TF and/ or Xa–VIIa–TF ... addition of the reaction of the enzyme–substrate X–VIIa–TF (ES) complex inhibition by Xa–TFPI (PI) This reaction was proposed to explain the data of Fig 2A In (A), a version of the reaction involving ... studies concerning reactions, which involve protein–membrane interactions, describe the kinetics of these reactions in detail taking into consideration the interaction between membrane and each reactant...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... Branched chain mechanism of polymerization consistent with the mechanism of branched -chain reactions Employing the theory of branched -chain reactions will greatly benefit our understanding of ... microimpurities or a change in the shape of the reaction vessel, may alter the r-value and switch the reaction to decay mode or to auto-acceleration mode The branched -chain reactions have been known to be unusually ... developing the branched -chain mechanism and the ‘protein-only’ hypothesis of prion replication share many things in common What is more surprising, the theory of branchedchain reactions explains equally...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... and resistant flies and a mixture (50:50) of susceptible and resistant flies (a) Doses and responses on linear scales (b) Doses on log scale and responses on probit scale LD50), will be large and ... disinfectants and general biocides, preservatives, pest control and other biocides and these are further broken down into 23 separate categories Pesticides have one or more standard name(s) and one ... physiology, and neurophysiology Breidbach, O and Kutsch, W 1995 The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland 448 pp Levitan, I.K and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... thrombosis, and sedation, more potent and safer analogues were developed by Celgene Lenalidomide is one such analogue which has been extensively tested and proven to be more potent than thalidomide and ... stimulates T cell proliferation and increases IFN-γ and IL-2 production Lenalidomide is 100–1000 times more potent in stimulating T cell proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-2 production than thalidomide ... resorption and secrete survival factors for MM cells The interaction between MM cells and BMSC in turn leads to increased production of IL-6 and other growth factors for MM cells and osteoclasts[38]...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... and resistant flies and a mixture (50:50) of susceptible and resistant flies (a) Doses and responses on linear scales (b) Doses on log scale and responses on probit scale LD50), will be large and ... reaction called the Fenton reaction, producing hydroxyl radicals This radical is extremely aggressive, attacking the first molecule it meets, no matter what it is A chain reaction is started and ... formidable ©2004 by Jørgen Stenersen 2.2.2 Dose and effect The law of mass action tells us that the amount of reaction products and the velocity of a chemical reaction increase with the concentrations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Tetrapyrrol and protoporphyrin accumulate, act as photosensitizers, and cause photooxidation and necrosis They are contact herbicides and are more active in strong sunlight 3.3 General SH reagents and ... iron and copper atoms in the enzyme Cyanide is very fast acting and blocks respiration almost totally Phosphine is used extensively as a fumigant and is very efficient in the control of insects and ... (dinitroorthocreosol [DNOC], dinoterb, and dinoseb) and other phenols such as pentachlorophenol and ioxynil DNOC is a biocide useful against mites, insects, weeds, and fungi The mammalian toxicity...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... habitats such as soil, mushroom compost, and stored products Bt may be present in samples from beach deserts and tundra, and may multiply in cadavers of insects and other animals Insecticidal activity ... etc.) and the individual proteins are called Cry1A1, Cry3B3, etc Other older classification and designation systems, not based on amino acid sequence, are still in use The δ-endotoxins and the ... gut that convert it to the active toxin An interesting and unexpected finding is that DNA is intimately associated with the toxin crystal and appears to play a role in the proteolytic processing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21