... The phoneme predicted for a letter should be informed by the letter s context in the input word. 2. In addition to single letters, letter substrings should also be able to generate phonemes. 3. ... employs a many -to- many letter- to- phoneme alignment model, allowing substrings of letters to be classified into substrings of phonemes, and introducing an input segmentation step before prediction ... explicit links con- necting individual letters to phonemes. The subtask of inserting these links, called letter- to- phoneme alignment, is not always straightforward. For ex- ample, consider the word...
Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20
... task, we plan to explore adding morphological features to the SVM, in an ef- fort to overcome errors in compound words and in- flectional forms. We would like to experiment with performing L2P and ... difficult to generate ONC tags for orthographic forms without at least a cursory knowledge of the language and its princi- ples. For English, tagging the syllabified training set with ONC tags is performed ... in a word, so emission features use aspects of the input to help predict the correct tag for a specific letter. Consider the tag for the letter o in the word immorally. With a traditional HMM,...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Ranking Approach to Stress Prediction for Letter-to-Phoneme Conversion" doc
... into 85% for training, 5% for development, and 10% for test- ing. To make results on German and Dutch com- parable with English, we reduce the training, de- velopment, and testing set by 80% for ... in the phonetic forms onto phonemes and letters rep- resenting vowels. For phonemes, the process is straightforward: we move the stress marker from the beginning of a syllable to the phoneme which constitutes ... above 95% for English and German, and equal to 91% in Dutch. Performance is 1-3% lower on letters than on phonemes. On the other hand, the performance of ORACLESYL drops much less on letters....
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21
Báo cáo khoa học: "Reducing the Annotation Effort for Letter-to-Phoneme Conversion" ppt
... clustering of English letters culated from these words; hence, the letters can be grouped into classes prior to annotation. The letter classes only need to be computed once for a given language. ... examining the letters that are closer to the center of the context window. We propose to modify the tree-growing proce- dure to encourage the selection of letters near the focus letter before those ... strategy, which we refer to as “context ordering,” that biases the decision tree toward letters that are closer to the focus, but permits gaps when the information gain for a distant letter is relatively...
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21
English department to test for grade 6
... gets up late D. goes to bed early 22. In the summer, she ______ . A. travels to different countries B. goes to the cinema C. meets students from other countries D. goes to the seasid Listen ... Which sentence is correct? A. How’s about going for a walk? B. What’s about going for a walk? C. What you say we go for a walk? D. Why don’t we go for a walk? 8. Which word contains a different ... 1. Nice ______ you. A. to meeting B. meet C. meets D. to meet 5. The children wake _____ early in the morning. A. off B. to C. up D. out 6. _ What’s the date today ? _ It is _____ June....
Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 10:39
VoIP: How to Plan for the Bandwidth and Calculate the Cost Savings
... (WAN). Before VoIP , a network for an institution had two distinct infrastructures—one for voice and one for data: Bill Treneer, Global Knowledge Instructor, CCSI, SME Cisco Multicasting VoIP: How to ... $1,512. Therefore, total cost savings for this integrated network are: $2,216 per month. Step 4 Determine the type of Codec to use to digitize the voice and decide if compressed Real Time Protocol (RTP) will ... volume to Houston and Washington DC each day . When designing networks, especially those transporting voice, it is best to build the infrastructure for the busiest hour of the day. Therefore,...
Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 18:15