rules of thumb for every day use

... Houston, Texas 77252-2608 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers : a manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday mechanical engineering problems ... number is useful in the design of spillways, weirs, chanhs nel flows, and ship design 8 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Weber Number Weber number is the ratio of inertial forces t surface ... velocity measurements 14 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers If the pitot probe is used in subsonic compressibleflow, the compressibleform of the stagnationpressure should be used: ( ; y p t = p...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... Houston, Texas 77252-2608 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers : a manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday mechanical engineering problems ... number is useful in the design of spillways, weirs, chanhs nel flows, and ship design 8 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Weber Number Weber number is the ratio of inertial forces t surface ... velocity measurements 14 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers If the pitot probe is used in subsonic compressibleflow, the compressibleform of the stagnationpressure should be used: ( ; y p t = p...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 18:20

... Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers RULES OF THUMB FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS A manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday process engineering problems Third ... partial open conditions for good control Figure shows partial open performance for a number of trim types General Control Valve Rules of Thumb Design tolerance Many use the greater of the following: ... relationship holds for a Reynolds number range of 2,100 to lo6 For smooth tubes (assumed for heat exchanger tubeside pressure drop calculations), a constant of 23,000 should be used instead of 20,000...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 16:06

... Houston, Texas 77252-2608 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers : a manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday mechanical engineering problems ... number is useful in the design of spillways, weirs, chanhs nel flows, and ship design 8 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Weber Number Weber number is the ratio of inertial forces t surface ... velocity measurements 14 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers If the pitot probe is used in subsonic compressibleflow, the compressibleform of the stagnationpressure should be used: ( ; y p t = p...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... Houston, Texas 77252-2608 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Rules of thumb for mechanical engineers : a manual of quick, accurate solutions to everyday mechanical engineering problems ... number is useful in the design of spillways, weirs, chanhs nel flows, and ship design 8 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Weber Number Weber number is the ratio of inertial forces t surface ... velocity measurements 14 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers If the pitot probe is used in subsonic compressibleflow, the compressibleform of the stagnationpressure should be used: ( ; y p t = p...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:20

... k s circulation,therefore, the Grashof number (and heat transfer coefficient)will rise as the buoyancy forces increase and the viscous forces decrease 24 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ... Therefore, it is not a good investment to spend a lot of time determjningPrandtl number for a gas Just using 85 should be adequate for most analyses Grashof W umber The Grashof number is used ... michess For a cylindrical system, such as in pipes (Figure 2), the equation becomes: T Q = 2n;(k)(length) ( o - Ti In (ro/ri) 20 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Table Thermal Conductivity of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:20

... is: 64 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers r I V S Figure Diesel cycle 6as Power Cycles with Regeneration Use of regeneration is an effective way of increasing the thermal efficiency of the ... coalescence occurs, forming slug flow, which in turn gives way to annular flow further along the channel Close to this 44 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers point the formation of vapor at sites ... number of molecules,” we arrive at the general law for the ideal gas (equation of state): where ah’ accounts for the intermolecularattraction forces and b accounts for the finite size of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:20

... diameter of the seal As a general rule of thumb, balanced seal designs use a balance ratio of 0.75 for water and nonflashing hydrocar- Figure 21 Balance ratio for inside seal (API-682 Courtesy of American ... of spring force is a function of the wire diameter, the number of springs, and the length of displacement For mechanical seal designs, the range can be from to 15 lbs of force per inch of OD circumference ... 0.05 for light hydrocarbons f = 0.07 for water and medium hydrocarbons f = 0.10 for oils For a graphical approach to determining seal-generated heat values, see Figure 43 [2] 88 Rules of Thumb for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:20

... Energy *Reprintedfrom Rules of Thumbfor Chemical Engineers Carl R Branan (Ed.), Gulf Publishing Company Houston Texas 1994 125 129 129 130 132 132 126 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ... Houston.) 120 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Centrifugal Compressor Performance Calculations Centrifugal compressors are versatile, compact, and generally used in the range of 1,000 to ... physical properties to plot a family of curves 124 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Estimate engine cooling water requirements This equation can be used for calculating engine jacket water...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:20

... amount of information must be known to use them properly, and often some of the needed information is not available It is also improper to use one of the adjustment factors to compensate for something ... and offset by the center distance While this 144 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers arrangement may be an advantage for some applications, the worm gear type is more frequently chosen for ... 172 174 175 177 146 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers TYPES OF BEARINGS There are two general categories of bearings: rolling element bearings and journal bearings Most of this chapter is...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... 7-1988 Bearings 171 172 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ~~~ ~ Bearing Clearance The establishment of correct bearing clearance is essentialfor reliable performance of rolling element bearings ... stenciled with brand name, kind, schedule, length of pipe, and type of steel used In case of bundles, markings will appear on a bundle tag 188 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ASTM A-106 Sizes ... bear- 176 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ing design is important because temperature and wear are directly related to it The lower the coefficient of friction, the longer the life of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... 3/4 642 13/16 744 03 m 846 m 13/16 222 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Useful Formulas for Vessels C2,61 Properties of a circle (See Figure 1.) C G of area Circular ring c3 e, =- 12A, 120c ... radius of contact is a Geometric considerations very similar to those for the contactingcylinders reveal that the sum of the displacements for the two spheres should satisfy: 230 Rules of Thumb for ... Areas of Vessel Sections Motation Table Volumes and Surface Areas of Vessel Sections = height of cone, depth of head, or length of cylinder ~~ a = one-half apex angle of cone D = large diameter of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Engineers.) 242 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Resonance: When the frequency of the excitation force (forcing function) is equal to or very close to the natural frequency of a mechanical ... [ = mment of inertia for cross-section L3 [ = moment ofinertia for crows&'on K1d - b-I L = total length of beam k=- E I L a2 bz = moment of inertia for cross-section L = t t l length ofbeam = ... acceleration L = height of floating body Jo = mass moment of inertia of machine about axis of oscillation L length of fluid in manometer or length of uniform rigid rod r = radius of pivoted semicircular...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... plastic deformation Plastic deformation is the application of force to change the shape of a material Some of the more common types of plastic deformation are shown in Figure 23 Most of these ... large A limit of lo8 cycles is used as a stopping point for most testing This number of cycles is called the endurance limit of a material Figure 19 shows a schematic of a stress-number of cycles ... not be line of sight limited There are several methods to apply diffusion coatings, 274 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers the most common being the pack method although the use of CVD is...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Three rules of thumb are commonly used to account for material scatter and estimate minimum material properties: The simplest is to divide the calculated life by a factor of For cast materials, use ... deflections and stresses Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers 324 CENTROIDS AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA FOR COMMON SHAPES Key to table notation: A = area (in.2);II = moment of inertia about axis 1-1 ... margin of safety for traditional methods of assembly where a torque wrench is used to meet a specified torque The combination of tensile and torsional stresses at the outer surface of a bolt often...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... crack For cases of uniform stress, the tendency is towards a single crack 348 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers NONMETAUIC MATERIALS This chapter has focused on metals, which are widely used ... curves are calculated for each type of failure When this information is used to calculate the life of a component, its total probability of survival is the product of its POS for surface and volume ... the x-rays Figure Radiographic inspection for cracks 346 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Bad Weld Good Weld Figure 24 Radiography is often used to inspect welds Ultrasonic Inspection...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... pascal pascal pascal pascal n/m2 atmosphere bar cm of Hg (OOC) in of Hg (OOC) in of H (4°C) dyne/cm2 (table continued on next page) 398 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Category Multiply B Y ... the cash inflows and outflows of the company (or other accounting entity) for the same time period as the income statement This statement’s purpose 392 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers is ... analysis, 384-385 decision tree analysis, 385-388 time value of money 402 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers energy equation, moment -of- momentum equation, momentum equation, boundary layer concepts,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... plastic deformation Plastic deformation is the application of force to change the shape of a material Some of the more common types of plastic deformation are shown in Figure 23 Most of these ... and is formed during cool-down from the melt It can be used as a wear-resistant surface if the rest of the casting can be ductilized by perhaps forming gray cast iron 266 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical ... other treatments such as ausforming and ausquenching For a more detailed description of these 264 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers Table wpical Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated 4140 and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 17:20

... the plastic moduli for a number of cross-sections .For the rectangular section of Figure 20, the & plastic moment is equal to Gvi& x (bh2/4),or 1.5 x h 308 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ... applications For example, if weight is not a 306 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers consideration and material cost is low, large factors of safety can be employed to reduce the risk of failure ... modification of moving the condensate drain from the side to the lowest point of the shell would prevent water from accumulating in the bottom of the 3] shell [ 292 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 17:20

... mission of McGraw-HillBook Co., and Plant Engineehg, Now , 1984, copyright @ Cahners Publishing Co., by permission 370 Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers probe bodies can be used When flow profiles ... back the terest) for a k e d length of time Loans, mortgages, and leas- es can therefore be considered “reverse” annuities, as shown by the cash f o diagrams lw Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers ... (Cou&sy of Ino sfnrmentSoCiety of America Reprintecl bypmjssion~) Instrumentation 361 Pressure Gradient y E P r e Displacementof s ; 8o r I 0' I I I I Ratio of Length of Sensing Elementto Diameter of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 17:20