rubisco and nitrogen use efficiency of c4 species
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Volume 32 C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mec
... mechanisms for the enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of C4 relative to C3 species, and some of the ecological consequences of these differences Of particular note, ... WUE – Water use efficiency 3 Introduction This loss of natural grassland habitat threatens many of the native C4 species of the Earth through the destruction of their habitat Some C4 species are ... 18 focuses on novel applications of C4 photosynthesis and how our current knowledge can be exploited for engineering of C4 rice The very last chapter (Chapter 19) addresses the use of C4 species...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.1
... conceptualization of the multiplicity and salience of major challenges to development and security, all of which require political and public awareness and economic resources for timely and efficient ... full gamut of risks, costs and benefits of handling these hazards using a multicriteria and systems approach towards the setting of policy priorities and resource sharing In addition to and developing ... calls for more investment of human and pecuniary resources in Earth science research – a unique source of data enrichment and knowledge bases as well as better understanding of the yet poorly or insufficiently...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.2
... separate dimensions of resilience, Smit and Wandel (2006) lump them together To Smit and Wandel (2006), adaptive capacity is equivalent to resilience Similarly, Dovers and Handmer (1992) suggest ... emphasize knowledge, learning and the social sources of adaptability, renewal and transformation; and (3) and understanding ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS of change and uncertainty as inherent in social-ecological ... societies In such efforts, Klein and Tol (1997) and Huq and Klein (2003) have developed approaches to anticipatory adaptation Increased importance of CCA and identification of DRR has led to numerous...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.3
... change in the fields of CCA and DRR These include an increased use of iterative risk management for adaptive decision making and the establishment of boundary organizations and institutional changes ... E., Janssen, M A and Anderies, J M., 2007 Going beyond panaceas Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(39) 15176 – 15178 Pelling, M and Uitto, J I., ... understanding of how these shadow systems and other institutional factors promote resilience, institutions and organizations could be reorganized and/ or adjusted to accomplish our goals of strengthening...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.4
... Practically useful forecasts of landfall at timescales of one to five years will require the use of variables other than the number of storms in the basin 3.4 El Nino: Southern Oscillation and landfall ... landfall prediction Because landfall proportions vary a great deal, even with a perfect prediction of basin activity, predictions of landfall will have limited skill Thus, any prediction of landfall ... frequency of annual landfalls in the first and second half of each of the periods A few curiosities stand out The 54 years prior to 1954 saw 21 of 54 years (39 per cent) with zero or one landfall,...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.5
... understanding the historical record and why the scientific community cannot produce skilful forecasts of future landfalls and damage for the foreseeable future Acknowledgements Useful comments and ... Journal of Climate, 89 347 –367 Gilovich, T., Vallone, R and Tversky, A., 1985 The hot hand in basketball: on the misperception of random sequences Cognitive Psychology, 17 295–314 Holland, G J and ... scientists about the speed and severity of climate change The faster-than-expected pace of observed climate change, a better understanding of feedback effects and a greater awareness of potentially abrupt...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.1
... to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other land use changes These rising levels of greenhouse gases result in increases in surface air temperature, because the greenhouse gases in ... developments and climate change on natural disaster risk; Section discusses expert assessment of risk and households’ perceptions and behavioural responses to risk; Section provides some strategies of ... The Netherlands Natural disasters have increased in frequency and severity during the last few decades, causing considerable economic damage and loss of life A combination of climate and socio-economic...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.2
... such as the location of a flood, flood depth and flow velocities of water, wind speeds, and frequency of occurrence of the hazard The portfolio of properties at risk component of the model can include ... economic growth (RC) and high growth (GE) and corresponding changes in the ‘portfolio of properties at risk’ module of Figure were based on a land use model of the Netherlands (Janssen et al., ... changing the buildings’ design and mode of use This implies that cellars and storeys exposed to flooding are not used intensively, waterproof construction materials are used and easily movable furniture...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.3
... (AlbalaBertrand, 2006) Deforestation may also increase the vulnerability to disasters caused by climate change, for example, because of soil erosion and landslides resulting from more frequent and severe ... Insurability and mitigation of flood losses in private households in Germany Risk Analysis, 26(2) 383 –395 Timmerman, P., 1981 Vulnerability, Resilience and the Collapse of Society: A Review of Models and ... 1973 Resilience and stability of ecological systems Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1) – 23 Holling, C S., 1986 The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and global change...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.4
... biological and chemical functions and which support and maintain the productivity and health of the river systems A number of the Basin wetlands are recognized under the Convention on Wetlands of International ... per cent of Australian cereals grown for grain, 95 per cent of oranges, and 54 per cent of apples In addition it supports 28 per cent of the nation’s cattle herd, 45 per cent of sheep, and 62 per ... Murray and Darling rivers and their tributaries It extends from Queensland to South Australia, including three-quarters of New South Wales and half of Victoria The basin generates 39 per cent of...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.5
... for climate change and water The Coorong Wetlands are one of the most important wetlands in Australia The wetland consists of ocean beach, the mouth of the Murray River, lakes and estuaries This ... Alexandrina and Albert form the mouth of the Murray River and are comprised of fresh to saline waters The Coorong’s fragile ecology depends on getting a mix of fresh water from the Murray River and sea ... Australian Journal of Politics and History, 49(1) 61 –74 ¨ ¨ Brandstrom, A and Kuipers, S., 2003 From ‘normal incidents’ to ‘political crises’: understanding the selective politicization of policy failures...
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Environmental and Social Impacts of Shrimp farming in Tam Giang lagoon, Vietnam-Local perception
... by nutrients and organic wastes from effluents and wastes, chemicals and medicinal residues to water and soil, salinisation of agricultural land and introductions of non-native species (World ... the area The research team consisted of a staff from RIA No 1, DOFI and CSSH and officers of People's Committee of the District (PCD) and People's Committee of the Commune (PCC) The fieldwork was ... marginalisation of fishers and small-scale farmers It has also caused reduction of food production for local people on quality land used for other crops; the depletion of drinking water and loss in...
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Tài liệu NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-Isodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) pdf
... are a group of similar chemicals widely used to soften and increase the flexibility of plastic consumer products such as shower curtains, medical devices, upholstery, raincoats, and soft squeeze ... evidence of no adverse effects development and reproduction These studies reported that exposure of pregnant dams to relatively high doses of DIDP causes abnormal development of the fetal skeleton, and ... amounts produced and the use categories for DIDP in 1998 are given in the Table Appendix II Table 2: Calculated 1998 US Consumption of DIDP (thousands of metric tons) End Use Film and Sheet Skins...
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Tài liệu Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer doc
... workers (OR=3.6 and 4.7 for 110 years and greater than 10 years of employment respectively), and for material handling and related equipment operators, dockers and freighthandlers (OR=3.9 and 8.1 for ... review of the state of the science regarding environmental and occupational causes of cancer, we conducted a review of the peer-reviewed literature, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL CAUSES OF CANCER: ... Chromium is used in steel and other alloy production Chromium III and Chromium VI are used in chrome plating, the manufacture of dyes and pigments, leather tanning and wood preserving Used primarily...
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Tài liệu International Workshop on Environmental and Economic Accounting - COMPILATION OF RESOURCES ACCOUNTS (SELECTED CASE STUDIES) pdf
... supply system; • treated and untreated effluent discharges (volume and location) • volume of treated effluent transferred to other users for reuse (volume and type of use) ; and 12 • other related ... Data collation and estimation 4.6.1 Water supply and use To ensure consistency and coverage of all water used and supplied across Australia, a range of estimation techniques were used to fill in ... volumetric data on the following: • water intake (source and volume); • distribution of supply to various users (volume and type of use and details of major water consumers); • average annual domestic...
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Tài liệu Ethical Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health pptx
... evidence of environmental causes of cancer because they not investigate possible environmental causes of cancer In general, Walker accuses those (who say cancer is caused mainly by genetics and lifestyle, ... on grounds of considerably weakened evidentiary standards for proof of harm, or whether the current standards ought to be maintained These current standards place the burden of proof on the potential ... ground, and it could have avoided hundreds of thousands of additional US cancers caused by above-ground weapons testing Because of the absence of liability and due-process claims against the government,...
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Tài liệu Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge doc
... nearby houses (6), the burning of forests, agricultural land and household waste, the use of kerosene lamps (7), and industrial and vehicle emissions Indoor air pollution in the form of environmental ... range of possibilities and there has been some success in terms of both exposure reduction and uptake The development and evaluation of interventions should take account of the many aspects of household ... available on the potential of other types of intervention, including the use of cleaner fuels, particularly for poor rural communities A study of patterns of fuel use in households following electrification...
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Tài liệu Car Fleet Renewal Schemes: Environmental and Safety Impacts docx
... as a consequence of their numbers increasing to the detriment of lighter vehicles The latter saw their emissions decrease because of this shift and partly because their share of the market decreased ... Reduction of serious injuries due to safety features of new vehicles for US, German and French fleet renewal schemes in 2010 and cumulatively from 2010-2030 (% of 2010 total and number of serious ... because of the smaller scale of the scheme (e.g in comparison to Germany), the lower expected remaining vehicle kilometres of travel of the scrapped fleet (higher share of very old cars) and...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships, and developmental expression patterns of prion genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) doc
... characterized in different species of mammals and birds [5,6], and corresponding cDNAs have been identified in turtle [7], and Xenopus [8] Different cDNAs coding for homologs of tetrapod PrPC have ... of 15 residues, including strand S2, between helices H1 and H2, and 84 residues instead of 10 residues between helices H2 and H3 (Fig 2) Molecular characterization of zebrafish PrP1 The imperfect ... specialized large and elongated cells of the anterior part of the floor-plate were positioned at the base of the commissure separating the two lobes of the mesencephalic tegmentum and above the hypothalamus...
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