role of financial sector in economic growth

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... Impact of Financial Sector Developments on Economic Growth A. Rapid growth of financial assets resulted in a higher financial assets/ GDP ratio In the past 20 years, with the deepening of the financial ... in exploring on-line banking business as well as in promoting non-bank financial institutions. Efforts should be made in upgrading financial operations and financial services, and in conducting ... using traditional monetary policy instruments. C. Sequencing of institution building in the financial sector The sequencing of institution building in the financial sector may differ from country...

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... ethanol-induced mucosal injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract leading to increase in the permeability of the gut mucosa to endotoxins [43, 44]. These factors are involved in ethanol-induced ... . Interestingly, HMGN3 has been found to be associated with resistance against anticancer drugs including vinblastine, topotecan, paclitaxel and doxorubincin in human hepatocellular carcinoma ... signaling. This finding corroborates the interaction observed between various intracellular signaling pathways and apoptosis induced by 1mM concentration of ethanol in HepG2 cells [19]. Int....

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Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2013, 15:56

... important role in the restructuring of weak banks and finance companies, including through the infusion of new capital. COST OF FINANCIAL SERVICES IN ASIA An analysis of the impact of internationalization ... overall financial system, with the degree of internationalization more important indirectly in terms of influencing the quality of the financial systemthan in terms of directly affecting the ... Foreign financial firms may introduce new financial instruments, which may affect the behavior of money 7 In particular, much of access to international financial services will be denominated in...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 12:20

... shown that interactions between KCs and endotoxin comprise the initiating event lead- ing to hepatotoxicity in liver injury, including endotox- emia and ischemia ⁄ reperfusion injury [14]. In our studies, ... signaling is independent of Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein. Drug Metab Dispos 36, 95–101. 10 Ghose R, Guo T & Haque N (2009) Regulation of gene expression of hepatic ... USA). Binding of all of the anti- bodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manu- facturer’s instructions. The intensity of the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in the United States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies deter- mined by clinical trials and estimated in ... should continue to be included in ongoing testing programs if their skin-test results are <5 mm induration. Those vaccinees who have positive tuberculin skin-test reactions (≥5 mm of induration) ... preventing pulmonary TB in adoles- cents and adults. These studies also were not useful in determining a) the efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered 6...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... REPORT 2013 1 GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance Washington, D.C. GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 BENCHMARKING FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AROUND ... would involve the following determinations: in terms of producing information about possible invest- ments and allocating capital, the financial (a) developing and analyzing measures of the ... destabilizing economies, hindering economic growth, and jeopardizing hard-won development gains among the most vulnerable. Fostering sustainable financial develop- ment and improving the performance...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... Gregory F. Udell. 1998. “The Economics of Small Business Finance: The Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth Cycle,” Journal of Banking and Finance, August, pp. 657-59. Carter, ... important role in the financial system of the U.S. economy. They complement the role of large banks by special- izing in relationship banking and providing credit to small businesses—a sector that ... them to maintain higher net interest margins. Indeed, during most of the 1990s, the net interest margin of small banks held steady at over 4.5 percent, while the net interest margin of large banks...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... Washington, D.C. 20009 202-293-5380 www.cepr.net CEPR A Short History of Financial Deregulation in the United States  9 taking in the combination of banking and securities dealing. ... crowning achievement of decades and millions of dollars worth of lobbying efforts on behalf of the finance industry. The repeal of Glass- Steagall was a monumental piece of deregulation, but in ... not involve the actual transfer of assets, so a buyer often does not own the underlying asset. 22 The financial industry developed a wide range of derivative instruments in the 90s, most of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... dis- charge can contain a wide range of contaminants and originate from a myriad of sources. Some of the biggest generators of toxic industrial waste include mining, pulp mills, tanneries, sugar ... from mining operations can contain silt and rock particles and sur- factants. Depending on the type of ore deposit being mined, tailings can also contain heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, ... examples of persistent environmental damage caused by the discharge of toxic mine waste. In Papua New Guinea for ex- ample, companies discharge millions of tons of contaminated mine waste into...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... or without hematoxylin staining. In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O 2 . Culture medium ... cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. OP9 cells were grown in aMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum. C2C12 cells were maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Adipogenic ... serum and IDM (10 lgặmL )1 insulin, 1 lm dexamethasone, and 0.5 mm IDM). Cells were then maintained in DMEM con- taining 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 lgặmL )1 insulin. The medium was replaced...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 participates in ER stress-induced INS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting cera- mide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins by neutral sphingomyelinase. Biochemistry 46, ... leading to the accumulation of sphingomyelin [27]. Because one of the pathways for ceramide recycling is the sphingomyelin pathway, it is conceivable that in addition to the accumulation of Fig. ... should have a key role in our under- standing of the mechanisms of the disease. We propose that pathology data will, in most cases, be more insightful than clinical data in defining the disease. This...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... role in skin wound healing. After a skin injury, PPARb expression is rap- idly elevated in the epidermis at the wound edges; dele- tion of a single PPARb allele results in delayed wound healing ... cultured human keratinocytes [14]. In this study, we examined the interaction between CerK and PPARb, and its role in regulating keratino- cyte survival. We report that in a mouse keratinocyte cell line upregulation ... important role in keratinocyte sur- vival during skin wound healing, and PPARb expres- sion is elevated at injury sites [10,15]. We investigated whether skin barrier disruption by tape-stripping would...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20