role of different t cell populations in vivo

... Activation of CD8+ cell subsets We next investigated the effect of ART on T cell activation HIV-infected individuals had higher T- cell activation in the blood as indicated by expression of HLA-DR ... lower detection limit (LDL) in most patients after month of ART (data not shown) Another reason is the potential exist of various opportunistic viral and bacterial infections T- cell proliferation ... However, little is known about the change of CD8+ cell subsets during early period of ART In this study we investigated the dynamic changes not only in CD8+ cell subsets, but also in their activation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:22

... occurred in acute and early HIV infection, to gain insight into the potential impact of these two mechanisms on T cell- mediated containment of virus replication at this time Sequence variation and ... transmitted that then reverted, stimulating expansion of T cells able to recognise the original epitope with higher avidity than the initial response [35] In the other epitopes, the increases in ... following presentation with HIV infection For epitopes in patients, PBMC from selected time-points during the first year following presentation with HIV infection were titrated against index sequence...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... new frontier of high interest in the treatment of viral infections Acknowledgements and funding This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Allergy ... lysis of infected target cells [128] Most importantly, this increase in CD8+ T cell activity results in a significant reduction in virus loads During chronic FV infection, ablation of Tregs induces ... activity on their own, vaccine-primed CD4 + T cells alone did not induce protection [84], suggesting that their role in protection against FV is mainly to Nair et al Retrovirology 2011, 8:76 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/8/1/76...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:21

... counts of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with septic shock during their stay in the intensive care unit Data presented septic shock during their stay in the intensive care unit as surviving patients ... nonsurviving patients with septic shock show different patterns of circulating T cell subsets Counts and distributions of the main circulating T lymphocyte subsets were systematically examined in 52 ... counts and distribution of the different subsets of T cells analysed were detected Discussion In this study, we show that surviving and nonsurviving patients with septic shock have different patterns...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... characteristics Patient characteristics are shown in Table for the 22 patients treated with IFN-a 2b, the 22 patients not treated with IFN-a 2b, and the 20 healthy subjects Of the 22 treated patients, ... with melanoma (22 patients treated in this study and the other 22 patients who were referred to our institution during the study); these data again suggest that Treg values are higher in patients ... data are awaited in order to examine whether affecting Treg levels with IFN-a 2b treatment may indeed contribute to the antitumor response A better understanding of the mechanism of action of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... glycoproteins on the surface of the virus HA is a lectin that mediates the binding of the virus to target cells and facilitates the entry of the virus into the target cell The proteolytic cleavage of ... crucial to viral clearance, the quantity of virus-specific cells generated is equally important in determining the outcome of infection Tetramer staining of CD8+ T cells reveals that there is a strong ... encoding the matrix protein The M2 protein comprises of the ectodomain M2e, a small part exposed to the cell surface, a transmembrane domain with the rest of it localized within the internal portion...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:25

... activating E2Fs cooperate with NF-Y proteins binding to CCAAT-boxes and with Myb proteins associating with a distal Myb site in activating the Cdc2 promoter Binding of the activating E2Fs during ... restored by pRB Another important aspect related to protein binding to the E2F site in the B-Myb promoter is that ChIP assays on stably transfected promoter constructs reveal that in vivo binding ... segregation Protein kinase, key regulator of cytokinesis, mediates attachement of the mitotic spindle to the centromere, phosphorylates histone H3 during mitosis Transcription factor, involved in cell...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... This study 5¢-CTC GTC GAC ATG AAT ACA GCC AAG CGG-3¢ lgt3 sense, SalI site underlined 5¢-CTC GAA TTC TCA TGG TTT ATC CTT ATT-3¢ lgt3 antisense, EcoRI site underlined 5¢-CAA CCC ATT TTC TAA GCT-3¢ ... with an insertion of a kanamycin-resistant cassette and deletion of an 822 bp fragment between two HindIII sites of the lgt3 (Fig 2) Fig Strategy for construction of the lgt3 mutant in M catarrhalis ... insertion in lgt3 gene (901-bp) lgt3 knockout mutant strain of O35E Invitrogen (24) This study This study This study TOPO TA cloning vector Cloning vector Kanamycin-resistant gene lgt3 cloned into...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... glycogen content in this study was approximately 20–25% lower than that determined previously in vitro, which was attributed to the fact that in contrast to the previous work, in the present study mice ... implies that the initial rate of label incorporation into glycogen C6 relative to the rate of label incorporation into glycogen C1 reflects the relative isotopic enrichment of Glc6P in the C6 relative ... synthesis In addition, this study reports for the first time the simultaneous detection of increased signal intensity for the glycogen C2–C5 resonances These changes in intensity were attributed to increases...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... release into the culture medium, 30 after the addition of the inhibitor is depicted in Table Table shows the significant increase in concentration of the peroxidase inhibitor by the action of insulin, ... mediate mitogenic effects of insulin, it may be licit to postulate that IPG could act as the transducer of the short-term mechanism, without discarding the long-term effect on the same process Taking ... min, in the presence of mm EDTA, the remnant inhibitory action was assayed on the TPO enzyme as described above The control activity of TPO was determined in the presence of inactivated alkaline...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 14:20

... in turn, driving the functional homeostasis of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the target organ IL-2 restores the Treg/Teff balance in T1 D IL-2 is important in instructing Treg lineage commitment Apart ... Administration of an IL-2-neutralizing antibody into neonatal NOD mice precipitated T1 D development by selectively depleting the Treg cell subset, reinforcing the importance of IL-2 in promoting Treg ... response to the treatment, and that this effect seems to be increased with prolonged time of treatment [66] Of note is the fact that this effect correlates with a medically positive outcome, i.e...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... progression of T cell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present in the blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some ... majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% of the cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + T cell compartment,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... viral titers in the tissue were determined by plaque titration of lung homogenates In animals infected by the IN route, the following titers (log10 PFU per g of lung tissue) were detected in the two ... present study contains a disrupted thymidine kinase gene due to the M2 insert [10] This disruption has been shown to result in attenuation compared to its strain WR parent, yet the virus still ... (15%) of tetramer+CD8+ cells was detected in the lungs after IN infection with VV-M2 Interestingly, despite the lack of VV-M2 replication in the lungs after ID inoculation, a high level (21%) of tetramer+CD8+...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... progression of T cell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present in the blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some ... majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% of the cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + T cell compartment,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... the complex cell- cell interaction in the rheumatoid synovium The essential factor in this situation appears to be the T cell- monocyte interaction to the extent that T- cell isolation renders the ... rather than cellular interaction are essential for the induction of the T- cell apoptosis-resistant phenotype To further investigate the mechanism responsible for the resistance of T cells to ... participated in interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript PN and EK recruited the patients for the study, performed arthroscopies, and participated in acquisition and interpretation of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... to streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid were often higher in the PBMCs than in the SFMCs We defined two distinct patterns of proliferation according to the pattern of response to these antigens (Figs ... total of 10 samples (22% of total samples) from 10 patients did not fit into either of these two patterns In these patients, proliferative responses to both streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid ... memory T cells into the inflamed joint [7,10–12] In contrast, we found two distinct patterns of T cell antigen responsiveness: diverse and restricted proliferation Proliferation to all of the antigens...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... abrogating the suppressive effect of Treg cells [37] With this in mind, it could be interesting to investigate whether the accumulated Treg cells in patients with arthritis function properly in vivo ... hand, transfer of Treg cells 24 hours after intra-articular antigen challenge might be too late to inhibit activation of effector T cells and their migration to the joint Indeed, T- cell activation ... of the T- cell compartment is still activated 14 days after intra-articular antigen challenge in the absence of Treg cells Compatible with these findings is that the production of cytokines in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... might not be a feasible option treatment decreases the infiltrate in joints Furthermore, RA patients relapse shortly after withdrawal of anti-TNF-α [19] and thus, despite the dampening of joint inflammation ... that Treg isolated from patients with active RA before treatment with anti-TNF-α were unable to suppress proinflammatory cytokine secretion from activated T cells and monocytes After anti-TNF-α treatment ... CD4+CD25+ Treg had a suppressive function and accumulated in the inflamed joint [14–17] One of these studies even reported that CD4+CD25+ Treg isolated from joints of patients with active arthritis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... the complex cell- cell interaction in the rheumatoid synovium The essential factor in this situation appears to be the T cell- monocyte interaction to the extent that T- cell isolation renders the ... rather than cellular interaction are essential for the induction of the T- cell apoptosis-resistant phenotype To further investigate the mechanism responsible for the resistance of T cells to ... participated in interpretation of the data and writing of the manuscript PN and EK recruited the patients for the study, performed arthroscopies, and participated in acquisition and interpretation of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... modality of evaluation equivalent to the measurement of the total IFN-γ producing T- cells with the relevant advantage of a consistent decrease of the background that in turn increases the sensitivity ... represent an interesting option to increase the sensitivity of the ICS assay in the detection of IFN-γ mediated HIV-1-specific responses In order to compare the sensitivity of the two modalities to evaluate ... sensitivity for populations of special interest Finally, in the present study we demonstrate that the number of cells used in each sample does not affect the readout of the ICS Since the procedure of manual...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21