role of airway surfactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

... level of airway obstruction in COPD, suggesting that cumulative smoking induces chronic inflammation with subsequent sequelae of airway obstruction Our results indicate that inflammatory effects of ... peripheral airways), which may be insufficient to obtain a full view Fourth, remodelling in COPD may itself generate and maintain an inflammatory process, independent of cigarette smoking [25] In order ... inflammatory effects of current smoking may mask findings of chronic inflammation in COPD, since numbers of inflammatory cells in bronchial biopsies and sputum are comparable in smokers with mild COPD...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... properties of the Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey among male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Quality of Life in COPD Study Group J Clin Epidemiol 1998, 51:1087-1094 Tsukino ... there were differences in patient characteristics for nominal variables across stages of COPD Differences in means for continuous variables were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ... less efficient at discriminating between COPD stages (RE < 1) (Table 2) For the purpose of discriminating among COPD patients according to stage of disease, results indicated that only the SGRQ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... nitrate in a proportion of 1:2 to obtain the final working solution for staining of AgNORs The silver reaction carried out for 22–24 in the dark The sections were mounted in DPX without conterstain ... of allergic obstructive airway diseases such as allergic bronchial asthma [20], not exist In this respect, in striking contrast to numerous existing experimental approaches to determine the inflammation ... compounds in the background of airway inflammation and hypersecretion in future Five different concentrations of SO2 were used in two periods Routine histopathology revealed signs of bronchitis with increas-...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... worsening of one unit of the BODE index has a 50% increased risk of worsening in the SGRQ total score and activity domain Our findings are in accord with Lin et al [11], who found by multiple linear ... exacerbation in the changes of health status Our results showed that exacerbation rate was associated with impairment of HS during follow-up This finding reinforces the impact of exacerbation in clinical ... baseline (Baseline Dyspnea Index) in order to answer questions regarding the TDI [28] Therefore, we used the MMRC scale which is a traditional instrument included in the BODE index [20] In multiple...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:22

... concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were measured using quantitative ... did not find increased sputum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bacterial colonisation Different reasons may explain this finding, including a small number of patients ... inflammation in nonobstructive and obstructive chronic bronchitis with chronic Haemophilus influenzae airway infection Comparison with noninfected patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21

... albumin Human serum albumin (HSA) is a single nonglycosylated polypeptide containing 35 cysteine residues all involved in the formation of stabilising disulphide bonds except 34cysteine In plasma, ... as a marker of protein degradation and turnover (8, 9) In fact the oxidative modification of proteins and lipids has been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases including atherogenesis ... significant interaction of COPD with smoking (P < 0.001) Relationship between smoking status and levels of carbonylated HSA Since smoking status influenced baseline levels of HSA we next investigated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... clinically meaningful [22]; assuming a baseline FEV1 of 1.29 L (the mean across treatment arms in this study), this corresponds to an increase of 64-129 mL Additional clinical studies of aclidinium ... Garcia GE, Ferrer P: Safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of aclidinium bromide, a novel long-acting, inhaled antimuscarinic, in healthy subjects Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009, 47:460-468 Chanez ... to inhaled corticosteroids prior to screening † Data missing for four patients in ACCLAIM/COPD I (two each in the aclidinium and placebo arms) BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... possible in most patients to correlate their reports of exacerbations with the medical notes relating to clinic attendances in the intervening year to increase accuracy As part of their routine clinical ... fat free mass and declined further over the course of a year The only parameter predicting decline in QMVC during follow up was QMVC at baseline Of note the mean decline in QMVC was 4.3% which ... prednisone in the preceding year and smoking history Only FFM was retained as an independent variable in stepwise regression analysis Change in quadriceps strength during follow up Over the course of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... 2C) Since neutralising the activity of IL-10 resulted in augmented release of TNFα, we next examined if there was a similar increase in the release of any other cytokines involved in the inflammatory ... determine the kinetic profile of release of the cytokines most reportedly elevated in COPD patients during exacerbations Figure of Severity COPD influences cytokine release Severity of COPD influences ... the accumulating evidence of extra pulmonary manifestations in COPD including cachexia and systemic inflammation which are observed in severe COPD patients In our model of acute inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in COPD [3,8] although a number of other factors may be involved, including hyperinflation and loss of alveolar capillaries in emphysema [9] In addition, a degree of ... evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A European multicentre study Working Group on Noninvasive Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Pressure European Office of the ... Studies of pulmonary hypertension I Pulmonary circulatory dynamics in patients with pulmonary emphysema at rest J Clin Invest 1953, 32(2):130-7 Heath D: Remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... in healthy individuals [18,19] In COPD, the abdominal muscles are frequently recruited even during resting breathing [20] When walking to exhaustion, inspiratory work of breathing in COPD rises ... function parameters is interesting This was not reflected in differences in the symptoms limiting exercise, the degree of dynamic hyperinflation that occurred or in oxygenation during exercise Gas ... given in Table 10 patients reported that they stopped because of breathlessness, because of leg fatigue and because of a combination of the two During exercise, significant dynamic hyperinflation...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:20

... any of the COPD stages [10] In contrast, an inverse association between higher levels of circulating inflammation-sensitive proteins, including CRP, interleukin (IL)-6 and alpha-1 antitrypsin ... cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Circulation 2003, 107:1514-1519 Hansell AL, Walk JA, Soriano JB: What chronic obstructive pulmonary ... Ben-Zaken Cohen S, Paré PD, Man SFP, Sin DD: The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women Examining sex differences in cigarette smoke metabolism Am J Respir...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... consisted of 30-minute periods of cycling exercises, walking, and inspiratory muscle training each The cycling protocol consisted of intervals of one minute loaded cycling (aimed at 140% of a patient’s ... patient’s initial peak work rate on cycle ergometry), and one minute unloaded cycling, during 30 minutes [14] Inspiratory muscle training was performed on an inspiratory threshold device at an interval ... interval basis (two minutes of loaded breathing, followed by one minute rest), starting with the threshold resistance on 30% of baseline maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), increasing the resistance...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... (nighttime) Baseline Longitudinal average Daytime symptom scores Difficulty Breathing Baseline Longitudinal average Coughing Baseline Longitudinal average Wheezing Baseline Longitudinal average Nighttime ... consequence of this variability The lack of change in BMD seen with the MFDPI QD regimen was encouraging and in keeping with the findings reported in the larger series of BMD measurements made in US ... Care Med 2007, 176(6):532– 555 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... staining in the both alveolar wall and alveolar Figure Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding protein Lung sections stained for elastin, versican and elastin binding ... Figure Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between elastin binding protein and elastin Relationship between EBP immuno-staining intensities for alveolar wall (a) ... elastin receptor: a galactosidase-binding protein Science 1988, 239:1539-1541 Mecham RP, Whitehouse L, Hay M, Hinek A, Sheetz MP: Ligand affinity of the 67-kDa elastin/laminin binding protein is...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... changes include an increase in mitochondrial number, increased muscle capillarization, and an increase in muscle oxidative enzyme activity After intense training the proportion of type I fibers increases, ... independently of lung function [18] In one study [16], phosphofructokinase (a glycolytic enzyme that is involved in anaerobic metabolism) was significantly increased in patients with COPD, but this finding ... total work performed and not the intensity of exercise that determines the training response [62] Whether the addition of strength training and/or upper limb training provides any additional benefits...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... Consequences of delayed cycling PEEPi, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure Figure Mathematical modeling of the inspiratory instantaneous flow-time curve for progressively increasing levels of airway ... expiratory cycling [14], and, during NIV, a higher risk of gastric air intake and leaks [10] In the following paragraphs, we will examine the main aspects of these key determinants, following the time-course ... to decrease the triggering effort in a small group of patients without COPD, at the price of some degree of instability in the form of autotriggering [23] Another interesting technique is neurally...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... average of 1,034 kcal/day and 47 g protein/day An increase of Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary ... a multicentre observational study examining the relationship between the amount of energy and protein administered during ICU stay and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, and the extent ... boasts of a favourable outcome towards dabigatran in terms of both preventing stroke/systemic embolism and lesser rates of major haemorrhage Intensive care outcomes Burtin and colleagues [10] investigated...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 19:20

... ventilation Interest in using noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of ACPE has grown since the early work of Rasanen and colleagues from 1985 [4] Whether delivered in the form of continuous ... differences in clinical outcomes, including mortality, rates of endotracheal intubation, length of stay, or myocardial infarction There were no differences between CPAP and NIPPV in any of the primary ... that NIV is ineffective in preventing intubation Though NIV has not been convincingly shown to reduce mortality, it remains a valuable adjunct in the treatment of ACPE Author details Clinical Fellow,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... the best conditions [8] In conclusion, extending the indication of NPPV use is always challenging and exciting It is unfortunate that the Page of preliminary successes of the Scala and colleagues ... using NPPV with FBO under investigation The findings may thus not be reproducible in units less experienced in NPPV Criticism may be also directed towards the choice of the control group including ... http://ccforum.com/content/14/3/163 mortality, duration of hospitalisation and duration of ventilation were similar in the two groups Despite the great interest of these findings for all practicing clinicians, the present study...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:22