rna recombination the molecular basis for cytopathogenicity of pestiviruses

... number of 1.4 Non-T-DNA was present in 4% of the pathogenicity mutants These numbers are comparable to those of the entire transformant collection (a random subset of 72 out of the 10,290 transformants ... 5% of the mutants There was no correlation between severity of pathogenicity loss and the number of T-DNA insertions (data not shown) In conclusion, the majority of the mutants carried either ... close proximity of each other (

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... hypothesis of Tytler et al [48], it may be that insertion of the inverted wedge shape formed by the AP1 a-helix into membranes of E coli leads to the formation of nonbilayer structures and thereby ... the susceptibility of E coli to the antimicrobial action of the peptide Discussion The biological action of many pore-forming and lytic peptides involves membrane destabilization by the use of ... membranes, but, in the presence of the peptide, they are positive These results conrm that E coli membranes are thermodynamically less stable in the presence of AP1, further supporting the suggestion...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... requires the formation of an initial enzyme–NAD(P)H complex, whereupon the cofactor is oxidized to NAD(P)+ during the reaction Therefore, the reduced cofactor must be replaced from the solution before ... corresponding to the anomeric resonances of the 4-keto (compound B) and gem-diol (compound C) forms of GDP-6-deoxy-d-lyxo-hexos-4-ulose (Fig 4B) On the basis of integration of the anomeric signals, the 4-keto ... oxidation of the cofactor may alter the conformation of the RR loop or destabilize the dimer–dimer interface in a manner that allows cofactor exchange In support of this hypothesis, the oligomerization...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... elucidate the molecular basis of the specificities of reactivating factors in the reactivation of inactivated holoenzymes and the activation of inactive enzyme–cobalamin complexes, the possibility of ... 1,2-propanediol in the presence of 24 mM ATP ⁄ 24 mM MgCl2, in a total volume of 25 lL The amount of propionaldehyde formed was determined as described in the text The extents of reactivation of diol dehydratase ... hitherto unidentified cobalamin at the active site [24] The O2 inactivation in the absence of substrate results in the formation of hydroxocobalamin [26] and might be caused by the reaction of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... complexation with the resin, only two sites remain available for interactions with RNA ligands, including the N7 atom of purines Therefore, there is the possible involvement of the N7 atom of the neighboring ... oligomers hybridize to the 5¢-end of the loops and propagate to nucleotides involved in the formation of the helix The strong preference for the 5¢-side of the loops in comparison with the 3¢-side may ... with glmS ribozyme in the presence of Mg2+ demonstrated the importance of the N7 group of purines and Mg2+ ions in the organization of the catalytic site of the ribozyme and in the glucosamine 6-phosphate...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... characterized the contribution of these assay components by omitting them individually In the absence of ferredoxin the reaction rate decreased to 46.5% of the complete reaction while the absence of ascorbate ... account for the failure of the PsHO1 probe to detect any HO2-like sequences in Southern blot experiments Whatever the basis of the recovery of phytochrome responses in older pcd1 plants, they still ... performs energy minimization of the resulting model The active site heme ligand in the model of the pea HO was derived from that found in the human enzyme Visual inspection of the model was performed...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... PR–p2-NC was observed for the Fig Residues with alternate conformations The number of occurrences of alternate conformations for each residue in the A and B subunits of the eight crystal structures ... As a result, the carbonyl oxygen of P3 Arg interacted with the amide of Asp29 instead of the interaction of the amide of P3 Thr with carbonyl oxygen of Gly48 in the flap In addition, the longer ... affinity for mutants through small conformational changes of the side chain of P1¢-Nle Similarly, the conformational flexibility of the Met side chain in the natural substrate is expected to FEBS Journal...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... X Preface The purpose of The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation by presenting the thoughts of some of the scientists ... expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the ... etc Another impact of the Pleistocene glacials pertained to the connection between the Borneo and Thai-Malay Peninsula (the continent of Asia) The land bridge of the Sundaland accelerated the migration...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... central to the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway RNAi regulates many aspects of gene expression and involves the production of antisense RNA complementary to sequences in the mRNA of the gene that ... cause of non-random X-chromosome inactivation is the selective death of cells that inactivate the incorrect number of X chromosomes: because the fates of the X chromosomes are not determined before ... silencing [15] These epigenetic marks also characterize the XI, and their recruitment to the XI requires transcription of Xist [16-18] Together, these results suggest that the increase in Xist RNA that...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... hectares The black pine forests found in the Sistema Ibérico account for two-thirds of the total black pine formations in the Iberian peninsula Together with Pinus sylvestris woods, they represent the ... continental to the core of this mountainous region and results in different characteristics of the water regime between the Mediterraneanand the inner face of these mountains The physiography of these ... mixed forest is most likely their foreseeable forest type Xeromesophytic pine forests of the eastern section: groups11-13 This grouping includes 33 sites found in the lower elevation areas of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... posttranslational modification of critical genes has been the subject of intense research The recent completion of the first draft of the human genome sequence [15] and the availability of high throughput ... DNA and were detected in the sputum for up to years before the diagnosis of cancer [86] Acetylation The dynamics of chromatin formation suggest that the association of DNA methylation and histone ... [107] One of the major limitations of the intra-tumoral approach is the inefficient delivery of genes of interest within the tumor mass We have shown that intra-alveolar delivery of the gene in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... Size of growth effect Figure of Analysis the global effects of Cr treatment on the heterozygous mutants Analysis of the global effects of Cr treatment on the heterozygous mutants The plot shows the ... comparing the relative growth of each strain in the Cr-treated cultures versus that in control cultures This yielded a value for each strain for the size of the growth effect of Cr (see the Data ... may contribute to the intrinsic resistance of the cell to the toxic action of the metal Over-representation of specific Gene Ontology terms in the annotations of genes found in the haploinsufficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... Furthermore, it was found that the amounts of PHD3 bound to full length Siah2 and the SBD of Siah2 were similar The comparable binding of PHD3 to full length and SBD of Siah2 suggests that the ... performed mutation studies with the chimeric forms to investigate the molecular basis of the substrate specificity Hence, to identify the critical residues in the Siah2 SBD, pairwise September ... in the interaction between the N-terminal region of Siah2 SBD and PHD3 (see discussion) the mutation of the dis similar amino acid increased the binding of [S1]NT[S2]CT from to 29 percent The...

Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2015, 14:47

... were then gel purified To fuse the Igκ and FLAG to the N-terminal of εSG, the PCR product containing the Igκ , FLAG and a small portion of ε-SG ECD was mixed together with the PCR products of the ... expressed in mammalian cells for further analysis of the properties of the expressed protein Upon 38 examination of the amino-acid sequence of the cytosolic domain of ε-SG, we discovered that ... 3.5.2.1 Deletion constructs for the characterization of the D-site in the cytosolic domain of ε-SG- In order to characterize the role of the putative D-site of ε-SG in the interaction with Erk2p,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 21:24

... thousandth of a watt (10 mW) The milliwatt is the unit of measure used for power in telecommunications circuits Rather than absolute measure of power, we often concerned with the comparison of one ... us the ratio of two power levels, that is it expresses the gain of the system But some time we want to express the exact output power of a system rather than the gain In that case, we compare the ... to 3400 Hz Bandwidth, of a signal is the width of the spectrum The bandwidth of the intelligent voice signal is 3100 Hz Telephone equipment allows the voice a bandwidth of 4000Hz, which includes...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 08:15

... should request their healthcare provider concerning the benefits and drawbacks of adding a yearly MRI There's no proof that MRI is an efficient screening tool for ladies of average risk - For ladies ... http://thomsonlifestylecentre.com/breast-cancer-screening-package The American Cancer Society recently launched new cancer of the breast screening recommendations The brand new recommendations stand to find the best ideas in cancer of the breast ... normally feel and immediately report any switch to their healthcare provider - Women having a lifetime chance of 20 % or greater for cancer of the breast ought to obtain an MRI and mammogram each...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 08:52

... reduce the demand for Irish exports and therefore domestic output Therefore we have used the NiGEM world model of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research to simulate the effects of the ... investment and therefore output Finally, the slowdown in the international economy reduces the demand for Irish exports The effects of this shock on the Irish economy are stronger than on the international ... effect of the oil price shock on the levels of GDP for the US, UK and Euro Area are shown in Figure The THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS FOR IRELAND OF HIGH OIL AND GAS PRICES 09 Economic and Social Impacts of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... concentrations of the steroid (Fig 5) Therefore, these results reveal two levels of complexity of the CYP11A1 reaction in yeast On one hand, the content of free ergosta-5-eneol poorly correlates with the ... present, and the rate of progesterone biosynthesis is only marginally reduced compared to the rate observed for pregnenolone alone Therefore, an efficient coupling of the two first steps of steroidogenesis ... placenta, the Adrp concentration is limiting, giving an alternative regulation of the SCC reaction [57] It was of interest to characterize the localization of the different proteins of the reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... lactate, the activity of LDHB was 86% of the value determined in the absence of lactate, and at 300 mm lactate, the activity of LDHB was only 24% of the same control value Characterization of glucose ... binding of Fru(1,6)P2 to allosteric lactate dehydrogenases is connected with the conversion between the inactive T form and the active R form of the tetramer [23]; the affinity of LDHB for Fru(1,6)P2 ... Examination of the model of the R state of LDH shows a much higher density of positive charge in the region of contact between the monomers than in LDHB, particularly in the region of contact...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... consideration in further investigations of the role of this cytokine as an LPS mediator The present PEC culture also showed the advantage of using mixed-cell cultures for the investigation of LPS mediators ... that the combined use of these cytokines was more effective than when either was used alone Both PEC cultures of HeN and HeJ mice responded to these cytokines for production of NO (Fig 4B) At the ... shown combination of these cytokines for the production of IFN-c, similarly to NO production The responses, of the HeN culture, were not suppressed by anti-CD14 Ig (data not shown) These results...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20