rl and dynamic compliance cdyn in tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated mice

... intubation and expertise in handling Determination of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated mice The classical approach to determine ... feasibility of RL and Cdyn measurement in anesthetized, tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated mice [14] To assess RL and Cdyn determination of transpulmonary pressure and flow are required In mice ... function in mice is the measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in response to non-specific Table 1: Principal advantages and drawbacks of invasive and noninvasive...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... concentrations at 30 minutes, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours, and cumulative urine samples, to 12 and 12 to 24 hours, were collected to determine amikacin excretion via the kidneys Serum creatinine levels ... amikacin in mechanically ventilated healthy subjects Intensive Care Med 2008, 34:755-762 Pedersen KM, Handlos VN, Heslet L, Kristensen HG: Factors influencing the in vitro deposition of tobramycin ... Farinotti R, Chastre J: NKTR-061 (inhaled amikacin) achieves high epithelial lining fluid concentrations in Gram-negative pneumonia in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients [abstract] Am...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... study, and in writing the original protocol DRO, MWQ, and DEL conceived the study DRO assisted in the original design and drafting of the final manuscript All authors read and approved the final ... analyzed data, and drafted the manuscript DGB assisted in executing the study, analyzing the data, and drafting the manuscript MWQ and DEL participated in the original design and coordination of ... Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Rodriguez RM, Pearl RG, Gubler KD, Enny C, Colton T, Corwin MJ: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, doubleblind,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... and Fernando Zapatero, 2003, Dynamic principal-agent problems with perfect information, Working paper, USC Clementi, Gian Luca, and Hugo A Hopenhayn, 2002, A theory of financing constraints and ... structure (including inside and outside equity) in a twoperiod model in which investors learn noncontractible information regarding the manager’s performance in the first period, and the firm’s ... and Michael Fishman, 2003b, Agency and optimal investment dynamics, Working paper, Stanford University Detemple, Jerome, Suresh Govindaraj, and Mark Loewenstein, 2001, Optimal contracts and intertemporal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:16

... Fletcher et al., 1994; Heimpel and Rosenheim, 1995; van Randen and Roitberg, 1996), in ®eld cages (Prokopy et al., 1994) and in insects foraging freely in the ®eld (Odendaal and Rausher, 1990; Tatar, ... dynamic state-variable model (Mangel and Clark, 1988) to determine oviposition behaviour, keeping the deterministic setting The dynamic model explicitly incorporates the host encounter rate and ... of variability in insect foraging and oviposition behaviour Oikos 65, 134±142 Morrison, G and Strong, D.R (1981) Spatial variation in egg density and the intensity of parasitism in a neotropical...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... different sensing radii, the algorithm can be modified in following ways Let rmax and rmin be the maximum and minimum values of sensing radii of nodes (i) If rmax − rmin is small: in this case, ... the proposed algorithm rmin : if rmax rmin , letting grid length √ (ii) If rmax 2rmin and continuing moving among candidate locations at each time step as discussed in the current algorithm would ... coverage, since then many overlapping among sensing ranges at consecutive time steps will occur for nodes having r > rmin Thus, depending on the sensing radius and allowable maximum speed, the candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... neuropathic pain Pain 2002, 100:163-170 Ozaktay AC, Cavanaugh JM, Asik I, DeLeo JA, Weinstein JN: Dorsal root sensitivity to interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in rats Eur Spine ... DeLeo JA, Weinstein JN: Effects of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor on sensitivity of dorsal root ganglion and peripheral receptive fields in rats Eur Spine J 2006, ... contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes and Pain 2011, 152:419-427 Sweitzer S, Martin D, DeLeo JA: Intrathecal interleukin-1 receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:22

... for mitigating and overcoming these dynamic performance problems The proposed solutions are obtained in the following two ways By enhancing the converter design and by modifications in the employed ... described in detail The ‘dc-ac’ converters, popularly known as ‘inverters’ find applications in uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), high-performance ac drives, and in linecommutated converters as in ... of switching converters Among them, state-space averaging and linearization technique [3] is widely used in obtaining a linear-time-invariant (LTI) model of the plant The model obtained so is...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... affected in both strains of R6 transgenic HD mice It appeared that the amino terminus of mutant huntingtin containing an expanded polyglutamine tract caused the steady-state CB1 mRNA levels in the ... shown to physically interact with mutant huntingtin including SP1, NcoR, CREB and NRSF [5,21–24] Conserved SP1, but not NCoR, CREB and NRSF, binding sites were located in the mouse and human CB1 promoters ... to R6/2 [10] and that neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) containing the human transgene-encoded amino terminus of human huntingtin form more slowly throughout the brain tissue in R6/1 compared...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... to be increased following toxic insult to the CNS in many studies A single subcutaneous injection (50 μg/kg bw, 1/2 LD50) of the cholinesterase inhibitor Sarin was found to significantly increase ... Cousins MM, Slotkin TA: Chlorpyrifos exposure during neurulation: cholinergic synaptic dysfunction and cellular alterations in brain regions at adolescence and adulthood Brain Res Dev Brain Res ... Brownie C, Kishk AM, Abou Donia MB: Inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes following a single dermal dose of chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion, alone and in combination, in pregnant rats J Toxicol Environ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... caspase-3 and cleaved PARP proteins in mice Increase in the expression of caspase-3 and cleaved PARP proteins noticed in the mice treated in vivo with GnRH-Ag also showed increase in the number ... steroid receptors, and steroidogenic and apoptotic factors in the ovary was investigated following in vivo and in vitro administration of GnRH agonist in the intact cyclic mice Methods Animals ... resulting in decreased release of LH and FSH and a decline in ovarian follicular development and steroidogensis [17] This desensitization phenomenon is extensively applied in clinical medicine...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... increased in PSV during stage and stages and 4, respectively In NAVA, the trigger delay remained stable during stage and during stages and The expiratory trigger also remained stable in NAVA, during ... the demand valve In the Toublanc study, pressure support set too low in COPD patients resulted in an increase in imposed work of breathing, which can be accounted for in the decrease in SWS and ... ± 11 apneas during PSV and during NAVA (p = 0.005) and ineffective efforts (number of ineffective efforts per hour of sleep) was 24 ± 23 ineffective efforts during PSV and during NAVA (p = 0.001)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... protein 54 (Tmem54), coiled coil domain containing 28B (Ccdc28b) and testis-specific serine kinase (Tssk3) all to be downregulated Furthermore, we found zink finger and BTB domain containing (Zbtb8) ... protein (G protein), gamma 10 230657 Tmem69 Transmembrane protein 69 1.7 16008 Igfbp2 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1.7 73723 Sh3bgrl3 SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein-like ... gene encoding Tollinterleukin1 receptor domain containing adapter (Tirap1) was downregulated compared with B10.Q Several other cytokines and chemokines were upregulated in the congenic mice compared...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... effect and induced tolerance [2] Our findings indicate that morphine can activate the exogenously delivered and expressed mutant MOR receptor in spinal cord and induces tolerance in MORKO mice ... [3] In ICR mice expressing the mutant MOR, morphine induced similar antinociceptive responses and induced tolerance and withdrawal symptoms and reward effects similar to those in control mice ... activate MORS196A in vitro was also shown in vivo [2], Morphine was equally antinociceptive in homozygous MORS196A knock -in mice and in wild-type mice Naloxone and naltrexone were also antinociceptive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... and PiT2 ligands PiT1 staining exhibited a linear pattern with few stained cells following the myelinated fiber bundles corresponding to oligodendrocytes (Figure 3B) Basal ganglia staining: In ... immunostaining in normal mice Cortex immunostaining: cells within layers I to IV exhibit a cytoplasmic staining The staining is presented as follows: A: Alexa 488 signals (green) for GLUT1 The arrow indicates ... SNpr CP SNpr Figure PiT1 immunostaining in normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice A: PiT1 staining in the cortex of control mice; stained neurons are mostly detected in layer II/III These neurons are...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... functional roles in cellular stress responses and/ or cell death and included DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1(DNAJB1), heat shock protein 105 kDa (HSPH1) and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16) ... behavior and nervous system development and function These genes including D site of albumin promoter (albumin D-box) binding protein (DBP), period circadian protein homolog (PER2), and nuclear ... thereby delaying the recovery from welding fume-induced lung inflammation Additionally, our results provide unique insight into strain- and welding fume-dependent genetic factors involved in the lung...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... Dworski R, Collins RD, Jarzecka K, Mitchell DB, Graham BS, Sheller JR: Cyclooxygenase inhibition increases interleukin and interleukin 13 production and airway hyperreactivity in allergic mice Am J ... Subcutaneous prostaglandin E2 restrains airway mast cell activity in vivo and reduces airway eosinophilia and lung Th2 cytokine overproduction in a house dust mite-induced mouse model of asthma Int Arch ... Similar staining intensity was seen in untreated sensitized mice, in which cells were heterogeneously labeled and peribronchial and perivascular inflammation was observed, but the immunostaining signal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... peripheral airway and tissue physiology, protecting against MChinduced increases in tissue elastance (H) in both animals with acute and chronic inflammation and also in healthy mice undergoing the 98-day ... were measured by applying a sinusoidal standardized breath and analyzed using the single compartment model and multiple linear regression, giving us lung resistance (RL) and compliance (CL) [14] ... abolishes MCh-induced increases in tissue damping (G) seen in mice with acute and chronic inflammation This mouse model has potential value for defining mechanisms and sites of action of DI and our...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... variations in NO concentrations within the inspiratory limb related to the bolus effect during continuous administration in a lung model Nitric oxide is administered into a lung model in a continuous ... constant inspiratory flow, a continuous flow of NO is administered only during inspiration As shown in Fig 5, NO concentrations in the inspiratory limb are fairly stable during sequential administration ... ventilatory settings, it is not capable of maintaining a stable inspiratory NO concentration in the face of decelerating inspiratory flow, changing tidal volumes and I/E ratios such as occurs during pressure...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... emptying and the ability of continued enteral feeding We studied tolerance of enteral feeding in mechanically ventilated patients in the prone position by measuring the gastric residual volume in ... concerning gastric emptying in the prone position and the ability of continued enteral feeding This crossover study in critically ill patients compared gastric residual volumes during the supine and ... attending physician Morphine with midazolam by continuous infusion was the standard sedation and, during this study, no other sedatives were used Sedation in most patients was necessary in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21