risk analysis applied to subsea pipeline engineering

... approach to analysis of systematic error will frequently fail to safeguard against tendencies to favor exposure effects over systematic errors as an explanation for observed associations [10] Bias analysis ... variables would have to equal 2.36 to explain the change in the rate ratio from the age-adjusted estimate of 1.1 to the fully adjusted estimate of 2.6 The relative risk due to confounding is bounded ... expected to yield a relative risk due to confounding of the size observed (2.36), particularly conditional on the initial adjustment for age vided it, the reader would be able to judge the extent to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Import Risk Analysis for Animals and Animal Products Introduction and qualitative risk analysis Volume Paris, OIE; 2004 OIE (Office International des Epizooties): Handbook on Import Risk Analysis ... also to other veal systems, to hutches and to small groups of dairy calves (see Figure 1) This apparent difference may be related to differences in professional experience and affinity to health ... [11] In order to check a number of critical points raised in the main study such as the need to specify definitions, the need to include positive (behavioural) aspects of welfare and to complement...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... Index Decomposition Analysis tons of equivalent oil (TOE), then ∆Etot is also a quantity indicator which is measured by TOE We may decompose ∆Etot into three effects as follows ∆Etot = ∆E pro + ∆Estr ... use output intensity TOE $1000 TOE/$1000 TOE $1000 TOE/$1000 Iron and Steel 60 20 3.0 30 10 3.0 Other industry 40 80 0.5 70 140 0.5 Total 100 100 1.00 100 150 0.66 Note: TOE: Tones of oil equivalent ... classified into index decomposition analysis (IDA), structural decomposition analysis (SDA), shift share analysis (SSA), growth accounting analysis (GAA), etc IDA has been used to assess the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... Interval Computations Applied to FEM 20 not always give true results (due to the mantissa truncation) The programs used to compute interval arithmetic have to take that problem into account (for example ... been developed to handle the case in which the interval parameters are put into factor in front of the matrices The intervals are then controlled all along the algorithm, to avoid too large an ... parameters to be taken into account when building the matrix [A] and the vector {b} n and βp are independent centered intervals, generally [−1, 1] [A0 ] and {b0 } correspond to the matrices and vector...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 21:45

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 08:20

... final goal was to develop a versatile prototype for ultrasonic nondestructive testing which could be applied to different problems relative to restoration of domes or walls in historical buildings ... Finally, the vector s, which represents the form of the pulse to be detected, depends on the pulse arriving at the possible reflector, which, due to the propagation effects, is a distorted version ... attenuation was too high to allow reception of the interface echoes Finally, a MHz transducer was selected to give an adequate balance between resolution and the capacity to penetrate into the mortar...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Programmatic and Organizational Risk Analysis 231 8.6.2 Gap Analysis 232 8.6.3 Hazard Analysis to Identify Organizational and Programmatic Risks 235 8.6.4 Use of the Analysis and Potential Extensions ... on the captain and first officer to strictly adhere to schedules, also related to competitive factors Several attempts have been made to graft systemic factors onto event models, but all have important ... contributory factors, which in turn arise from systemic factors (figure 2.7) [93] Johnson also tried to put management factors into fault trees (a technique called MORT, or Management Oversight Risk...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2014, 23:23

... http://www.cardiothoracicsurgery.org/content/6/1/111 Page of Table Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the risk factors influencing DMWI O.R 95% C.I Risk factor p value Diabetes Non DMWI Non 1.00 3.33 Non 1.00 DMWI Prolong ... pedicle The median sternotomy incision is only extended for inches towards the umbilicus and the peritoneal cavity is entered The omentum is mobilized and is brought up in to the chest through a ... flaps: 16 patients The Risk factors for developing DMWI were COAD, IABP use and the use of IMA, BIMAs Wound complications occurred in 19% Mortality was 8-10% and Risk factors for death were septicemia,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:22

... Water Pipeline System CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Slide No Risk Analysis ̈ Example (cont’d): Identification of Risk in a Water Pipeline System – Assuming that either source alone is sufficient to supply ... CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Risk Analysis ̈ Example 1: Identification of Risk in a Truss Structural System 29 structural members A Truss Structural System CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Slide No Risk Analysis ̈ Example ... associated risks must be assessed CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Slide No Risk Analysis ̈ Example (cont’d): Identification of Risk in a Truss Structural System – A design could be enhanced to allow for...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... need to be quantified using relative or absolute measures for various consequence types to facilitate risk analysis CHAPTER RISK ANALYSIS METHODS Slide No Risk Terminology (cont’d) ̈ Risks – Risk ... approach to risk assessment CHAPTER RISK ANALYSIS METHODS Slide No 32 Risk Assessment ̈ Risk Assessment Methodologies CHAPTER RISK ANALYSIS METHODS Slide No 33 Risk Assessment (cont’d) ̈ Risk Events ... CHAPTER RISK ANALYSIS METHODS Slide No 94 Risk Management and Control ̈ ̈ Adding risk control to risk assessment produces risk management Risk management is the process by which system operators,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... intend utility to the customer and meets the goal stated • According to this method, the customer's needs should be determined, evaluated for their completeness, and translated into quantifiable, ... Definition Models ̈ Requirements Analysis and Work Breakdown Structure (cont’d) – Requirements Analysis (cont’d) • Requirements analysis feeds directly into functional analysis, and allocation, design ... Flood-control dams are designed and constructed for a sufficient capacity to store runoffs from a ten- to hundredyear storm CHAPTER 3a SYSTEM DEFINITION AND STRUCTURE Slide No 13 System Definition...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... Resolve Risks Risk Analysis Risk Analysis Operational Prototype Prototype Risk Analysis Test & Review Conceptual Review Requirements and lifecycle plans Risk Analysis Evaluation & Optimization Prototype ... support; engineering model/prototype development; transition from design to production Production and/or construction requirements; industrial engineering and operations analysis such as plant engineering, ... System Engineering Process • • • The system engineering process focuses on the interaction between human and the environment The steps involved in a system engineering process can be viewed to constitute...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... is time to failure – The useful life of a product can be measured in terms of its time to failure – In addition to time, other possible exposure measures include the number of cycles to failure ... Nonlinear Performance Function • Using first-order reliability analysis based on firstorder Taylor series, the following can be obtained from Eqs to 5: (1)(5) Z (5) (0.25) (1) (0.25) ( 0.5 / ) (0.8) Z ... converged to 2.3628 • The failure probability =1- ( ) = 0.009068 • The partial safety factors can be computed as: Random Variable X1 X2 X3 Failure Point 0.418378 4.950849 4.290389 Partial Safety Factors...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... increase is due to the detected failure from the test – Now assume that a second component from Line was tested and found to be defective, the posterior distribution needs to be revised to reflect ... ASSESSMENT Empirical Reliability Analysis Using Life Data ̈ Example 6: Single Failure Mode, Small Sample, Type I Right Censored Data – Equation 55 can be applied to Type I and II right censored ... Reliability Analysis Using Life Data ̈ Selection and Fitting Reliability Models – Samples With Censoring • In the this case, the Kaplan-Meier (or product-limit) estimation procedure can be applied to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... distribution, among which only r are distinct times to failure t1 < t2 < < tr, and n - r times to censoring tc1, tc2, , tc(n -r), so that the so-called total time on test, T, is given by r T= ti ... Reliability Analysis of Systems ̈ ̈ ̈ The objective herein is to provide, develop, and demonstrate methods needed for assessing hazard functions of most widely used system models Systems are assumed to ... evaluation, considered in the previous sections are not applicable to k-outof-n systems Slide No 73 CHAPTER 4c RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT Reliability Analysis of Systems ̈ k-out-of-n Systems (cont’d) 3 Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... CONSEQUENCES AND SEVERITY Step User defines number of story and style story ½ story stories ½ stories story ½ story stories ½ stories story ½ story stories ½ stories Wood Frame Masonry Brick veneer Step ... analysis – Failure definitions need to be expressed using deformations, rather than forces or stresses – The process of failure classification and recognition needs to be automated in order to ... specifies age Step User defines infrastructure type Ranch Cape Cod Colonial Victorian Town house Town house Town house Town house Slab Basement: Finished Basement: Unfinished Crawl space Piers Step...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... of toxicity and exposure and concluding with a characterization of risk Risk characterization defines the likelihood that humans or wildlife will be exposed to hazardous concentrations Thus, risk ... aquatic wildlife, plants, and other organisms Data required to conduct an ecological risk assessment may include the following: – • Toxicity to wildlife, aquatic organisms, plants, and nontarget insects; ... assessment Failure consequences are used to determine how much of each chemical people may be exposed to People must come in contact with the chemicals to be at risk The amount of exposure depends...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... with failure consequences due to hazards, plus the cost of consuming natural resources – Risk analysis require engineers and economists to work closely together to • Develop new system, • Solve ... Need for Economics (cont’d) Technology and Engineering System Analysis Produce products and services depending on physical laws (e.g Newton's Law) Risk analysis Economics Assess the worth of these ... strategic factors, CHAPTER 6a ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Slide No 14 Introduction ̈ Engineering and Economic Studies determination of means (engineering proposals) evaluation of engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... CHAPTER 6b ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Slide No Economic Equivalence Involving Interest ̈ The Meaning of Equivalence (cont’d) – Therefore, analytical tools are needed to compare projects ... Assuming Ft to be a net cash flow at time t, the present worth (PW) is n n PW (i ) Ft ( P / F , i , t ) t t Ft (1 i ) t (61) Slide No 30 CHAPTER 6b ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Economic Analysis ... PW, AE, and FW differ in the point of time used to compare the equivalent amounts Slide No 32 CHAPTER 6b ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND FINANCE Economic Analysis of Alternatives ̈ Example 26: Annual...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21

... curve, the higher the risk aversion Although is not as common, investors could display risk propensity, called riskseeking investors Slide No 35 CHAPTER 7a RISK CONTROL METHODS Risk Aversion in Investment ... chapter is to introduce fundamental concepts for risk control within an economic framework that include risk aversion, risk homeostasis, discounting procedures, decision analysis, tradeoff analysis, ... corresponds to each scenario is called utility (U) that represent the risk attitude of investors CHAPTER 7a RISK CONTROL METHODS Slide No 19 Risk Aversion in Investment Decisions ̈ ̈ The risk attitude...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:21