revisiting pivot language approach

... This approach introduces a third language, named the pivot language, for which there exist large source -pivot and pivot- target bilingual cor- pora. A pivot task was also designed for spoken language ... 2008). For example, we can ob- tain a source -pivot corpus by translating the pivot sentence in the source -pivot corpus into the target language with pivot- target translation models. We name it ... models. We name it the synthetic method. The working condition with the pivot language approach is that the source -pivot and pivot- target parallel corpora are independent, in the sense that they...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... Using One Pivot Language This section describes the translation results by using only one pivot language. For the language pair French and Spanish, we use English as the pivot language. The ... Than One Pivot Language For French to Spanish translation, we also intro- duce German as a pivot language besides English. Using these two pivot languages, we build two dif- ferent pivot models, ... SMT by using a pivot language. To perform translation between languages L f and L e , we bring in a pivot language L p , for which there exist large bilingual corpora for language pairs L f -L p ...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... there is any one umbrella approach to language teaching that has become the accepted "norm" in this field, it would have to be the Communicative Language Teaching Approach. This is also ... underlying foreign language teaching. Finally, by the mid- eighties or so, the industry was maturing in its growth and moving towards the concept of a broad " ;approach& quot; to language teaching ... The Communicative Language Teaching Approach All the methods described so far are symbolic of the progress foreign language teaching ideology underwent in the last...

Ngày tải lên: 19/08/2013, 23:10

... improve competence in a second language . Therefore, the language learner capable of using a wide variety of language learning strategies appropriately can improve his language skills in a better ... the focus on language skills In fact, the focus of research on learning strategies might be on all four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) or on one or more language modalities ... the language learning tasks and activities are crossed modalities. Respondents were asked to describe their strategies in general in second language acquisition. Only gender differences in language...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... Vocabulary 1.2. Vocabulary in language teaching and learning 1.2. Vocabulary in language teaching and learning 1.3. Approaches to language teaching and their 1.3. Approaches to language teaching and ... Vocabulary in language teaching and Vocabulary in language teaching and learning learning 1.2.1. A neglect aspect of foreign language 1.2.1. A neglect aspect of foreign language methodology methodology 1.2.2. ... remember things faster and better remember things faster and better 1.3. Approaches to language teaching and 1.3. Approaches to language teaching and their relevance to vocabulary their relevance...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 14:36

... component, like GLIB. In this approach we are in substantial agreement with Winograd (1984) who advocates a similar approach as an effective diroc. finn for further naturul language resea~h. REFERENCES ... knowledge. GLIB - A PROBLEM SPECHrIC SUBLANGUAGE The knowledge acquisition language developed for elec- tron/c devine troubleshooting is called GLIB (General Language for Insumneat Behavior), ... natural language interface and be done with it. This paper discusses the natural language technology used in building INKA. The system incorporates a diverse collec- tion of natural language...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... in language processing rather than on defining new domain- independent representation languages. A critical decision was our selection of intensional logic as the semantic representation language. ... Human Knowledge. In Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of Knowledge, Winston and Sons, Washington, 1972. 12. Clark, H.H. Bridging. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing, ... An- nual National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 201 A HYBRID APPROACH TO REPRESENTATION IN THE JANUS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSOR Ralph M. Weischedel BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... template-based approach that has been taken in the system, enables the basic language generation algorithms application independent and language independent. At the final stage of language generation ... any NLG technique can be broadly classified into two paradigms viz. Template based Approach and Plan based approach. The template-based ap- proach does not need large linguistic knowledge resource ... 1–6, Sydney, July 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics A Flexible Approach to Natural Language Generation for Disabled Children Pradipta Biswas School of Information Technology...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... for language processing. The system's linguistic knowledge should be available to the theorist as domain knowledge. As a result of our preliminary study of a KE approach to Natural Language ... the realm of a Knowledge Engineering approach to Natural Language Understanding. A basic core of NL rules enable the NLU expert to input his natural language rules and his lexicon into the ... results of a • preliminary study of a Knowledge Engineering (KE) approach to Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The KE approach to an Artificial Intelligence task involves a close association...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... SEMANIIC PARSING AS GRAPH LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATION - A MULIIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO PARSING HIGHLY INFLECTIONAL LANGUAGES Eero Hyv~nen He]sJnkJ IJniversity of TechnoloQy ... syntactico-semantic word category NOUN-HUHAN. Definition 1.6 (Controlled graph language) A controlled graph language (CGL) corresponding to a controlled r-graph grammar CRG = (CG, RGG) is ... multidimensional transformation between the morphological and semantic levels of a language. These levels are seen as graph languages. The parser essentially defines a "meaning preserving"...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... Non-English language background LEP Limited English profi cient/profi ciency ELL English language learner Languages: L1 First language L2 Second language TL Target language FL Foreign language Programs: ... second language EFL English as a foreign language ESOL English for speakers of other languages TESOL Teaching English to speakers of other languages TESL Teaching English as a second language ESP ... second language acquisition and the preparation of ESL teachers were embedded in the fi eld of applied linguistics and focused on the development of oral language. The focus on oral language...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 09:20