reverse osmosis and nanofiltration process

... Advancements 12 References 12 Reverse Osmosis Principles 2.1 Osmosis 2.2 Reverse Osmosis 2.3 Dead-End Filtration 2.4 Cross-Flow Filtration Basic Terms and Definitions 3.1 Reverse Osmosis System Flow Rating ... General 17.1.1 What is Reverse Osmosis Used for? 17.1.2 What is the Difference Between Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis? 17.1.3 What is Data Normalization? 17.1.4 How Do SDI and Turbidity Correlate? ... surface and foul the membrane See Chapters 3.7 and 7for more discussion on membrane fouling) 1.1.1 Uses of Reverse Osmosis Reverse osmosis can be used to either purify water or to concentrate and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:45

... foulants and fouling mechanism, membrane fouling is a serious problem both in low-pressure driven process such as MF and UF and high-pressure NF and RO process Fouling is a very complex phenomenon and ... Nanofiltration/ Reverse Osmosis (NF/RO) - are increasingly being applied for water and wastewater treatment and water reclamation The choice of membrane, module configuration, process and operating ... (n = 8, standard deviation indicated by error bar) of fresh and fouled membrane surfaces and SUVA254 and TOC of sample feed waters 78 Fig 4.15 Fluorescence EEM spectra of raw and oxidized...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... excitement and demand for a deeper understanding of the RO separation processes Today RO is widely used for separation and concentration of solutes in many fields, such as chemical and biomedical ... as chemical and biomedical industry, food and beverage processing, and water and wastewater treatment (Hajeeh and Chaudhuri 2000; Riley 1991; Wiesner and Chellam 1999; Vedavyasan 2000) The most ... discussed Table 2.1 Some membrane processes and their driving forces Membrane Process Microfiltration Nanofiltration Reverse osmosis Gas separation Pervaporation Osmosis Electrodialysis Membrane distillation...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 17:10

... Membrane Fouling Objectives and Scopes Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process 2.1.1 Description of RO Process 2.1.2 Targeted Contaminants of RO Process 13 RO Membrane Fouling ... Humic acids Metal ions Cysts Sands Silt Clays Asestos fibers Reverse Osmosis Separation Process Microfiltration Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration Conventional filtration processes Fig 1.1 Selected ... desalination, waste material treatment, and many other chemical and biochemical laboratory and industrial processes RO process is a pressure-driven membrane process that is used to separate relatively...

Ngày tải lên: 27/11/2015, 12:33

... involved in transcriptional and translational processes As shown in Table 1, the up-regulated genes were COBRA1, ITGB4, STAU2, and HMGN3 with a SLR of 3.30, 2.61, 1.68 and 1.52, respectively ANK3 ... cell-matrix adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, and development for ITGB4; transport for STAU2; and an unknown biological process for HMGN3 The biological processes in which ANK3, the down-regulated ... induction of transcription factors (AP1, Elk1, Stat1, SRF and NFκB) and expression of apoptotic genes (Fas receptor, Fas ligand, FADD and caspase 8) [19] In addition, as confirmed by the functional...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 15:28

... candidates for the latter process – selection • Selection Selection is the process following recruitment process by which the most suitable candidate is selected from the recruited pool of candidates ... costs and time of selection process Last but not least, testing and interviewing methods also determines efficiency of selection process Tests and interviews are the most importants parts in the process ... recruitment and selection process including procedures of recruitment and selection and factors affecting these processes This theoretical framework will be the basis on which the process of recruitment...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2013, 15:36

... Gallil and Yaacov, 2001) However, the use of disposers entails additional loading to sewerage systems (Sankai et al., 1997; Gallil and Yaacov, 2001) Biological solubilization and mineralization process ... wastes (Okada and Nishijima, 2001) In the process, food wastes are mixed with rice hull as biological support medium under wet condition and are solubilized or mineralized The process can reduce ... solubilization and mineralization process without accumulation of food wastes and to increase mineralization rate for the reduction of organic loading to the sewerage system MATERIALS AND METHODS...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... multimedia-related image processing techniques, and intelligent multimedia processing; (2) methodologies, techniques, and applications: image and video coding, image and video storage and retrieval, digital ... processing images and videos in a multimedia environment It covers the following subjects arranged in two parts: (1) standards and fundamentals: standards, multimedia architecture for image processing, ... education, video on demand, and telemedicine The book begins with the existing standards for multimedia, discussing their impacts to multimedia image and video processing, and pointing out possible...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15

... Nostrand Company, New York, 1963 [2] Papoulis, A., Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991 [3] Leon-Garcia, A., Probability and Random Processes ... exist and be finite Px is called the power of the process x(t) The most commonly invoked stochastic process of this type in communications and signal processing is the wide-sense-stationary process, ... random variables, called circular complex random variables Circularity is a type of symmetry in the distributions of the real and imaginary parts of complex random variables and stochastic processes,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 02:15

... seasonal dynamics, and this certainly has an impact on its biogeochemical processes While being influenced by land-derived fluxes and near-coastal processes, biogeochemical processes driven by ... for land and sea resources and space by various stake holders that result in conflicts and the degradation of coastal ecosystems Further challenges to the coasts come from: (1) erosion and siltation ... Mekong River and the adjacent deltaic, estuarine, and coastal environment, An and Son (1998) could show differences in the elemental cycling between the river, front and plume, and shallow waters...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 14:15

... specifies G.711 as the mandatory audio codec, and includes G.722, G.723.1, G.728, and G.729 as optional choices For video coding, it specifies H.261 as the mandatory coding algorithm and includes H.263 ... “MPEG digital video coding standards,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp 82–100, Sept 1997 [8] Schaphorst, R., Videoconferencing and Videotelephony: Technology and Standards, Artech House, Boston, ... actions and then get a list of similar scenarios 1.5 Standards for Multimedia Communication In addition to video coding, multimedia communication also involves audio coding, control and signaling, and...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 23:15

... Applications of Blind and Semi-Blind Signal Processing 1.2.1 Biomedical Signal Processing 1.2.2 Blind Separation of Electrocardiographic Signals of Fetus and Mother 1.2.3 Enhancement and Decomposition ... Likelihood and Score Functions 10.3.3 Estimating Functions 10.3.4 Simultaneous and Joint Diagonalization of Covariance Matrices and Estimating Functions 10.3.5 Standardized Estimating Function and Newton ... processing unit for extraction of sources using adaptive bandpass filter 202 5.9 Frequency characteristics of 4-th order Butterworth bandpass filter with adjustable center frequency and fixed bandwidth...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:15

... In classical signal processing a rich set of tools has evolved for processing signals that are deterministic and predictable such as transient and periodic signals, and for processing signals ... mechanism for signal design and generation, with potential applications to communications and signal processing Because chaotic signals are typically broadband, noise-like, and difficult to predict, ... Estimation and Detection Use of Chaotic Signals in Communications Self-Synchronization and Asymptotic Stability • Robustness and Signal Recovery in the Lorenz System • Circuit Implementation and Experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 04:15

... and Image Processing 74.1 Introduction 74.2 Morphological Operators for Sets and Signals Boolean Operators and Threshold Logic • Morphological Set Operators • Morphological Signal Operators and ... the theory of morphological signal processing and its applications to image analysis and nonlinear filtering By “morphological signal processing” we mean a broad and coherent collection of theoretical ... image processing and machine vision, and pattern recognition As the name ‘morphology’ implies (study/analysis of shape/form), morphological signal processing can quantify the shape, size, and other...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 04:15

... the same time as processing Simultaneous message processing and problem calculating are handled by the underlying operating system Processors not share a global memory and each processor has access ... O(N) Although simple and easy to expand, single bus multiprocessors are inherently limited by the bandwidth of the bus and the fact that only one processor can access the bus, and in turn only one ... mapping function from the set of processors and memories onto the same set of processors and memories In other words, the topology describes how to connect processors and memories to other TEAM LinG...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 16:15

... Okay, so you've approached your project with a well-defined plan, used comments and a standard naming convention, and double-checked all your code—but you still have a project that's just not working...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 07:17

... sau đơn vị thời gian h với xác suất o(h) ) 3 Quá trình sinh hủy tổng quát: (General Birth and Death Processes) 3.1 Định nghĩa: Việc tổ hợp trình sinh hủy ta trình sinh hủy Quá trình chuyển lên ... Osaki, Applied Stochastic System Modeling, 1992 [2] David G Kendall, On The Generalized "Birth and Death" Process 17 (4.42) ... suất "thêm hai phần tử" sau đơn vị thời gian h với xác suất o(h) ) Quá trình hủy nhất: (Pure Death Processes) Định nghĩa (Quá trình hủy nhất) Nếu trình đếm {D(t), t ≥ 0} xích Markov với xác suất...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 19:05

... the same time as processing Simultaneous message processing and problem calculating are handled by the underlying operating system Processors not share a global memory and each processor has access ... O(N) Although simple and easy to expand, single bus multiprocessors are inherently limited by the bandwidth of the bus and the fact that only one processor can access the bus, and in turn only one ... Mostafa Abd-ElBarr and Hesham El-Rewini Advanced Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing / Hesham El-Rewini and Mostafa Abd-El-Barr ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PARALLEL PROCESSING Hesham...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 03:20

... gender and strategy use have come to mixed conclusions Ehrman and Oxford (1989) and Oxford and Nyikos (1989) discovered distinct gender differences in strategy use The study by Green and Oxford ... Applying images and sounds C Reviewing well D Employing action II Cognitive A Practising B Receiving and sending messages strategies C Analysing and reasoning D Creating structure for input and output ... language learners during the language learning process, educators and researchers can gain insights into the metacognitive, cognitive, social, and affective processes involved in language learning The...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23