resume format for electrical engineers in india
handbook for electrical engineers hu (2)
... type. 3.1.12 Electrical Recording Instruments Recording instruments are, in many instances, essentially high-torque indicating instruments arranged so that a permanent, continuous record of the indication ... provided in each case. 3.1.8 Instrument Transformers The material that follows is a brief summary of information on instrument transformers as measure- ment elements. For more extensive information, ... where N is the number of turns in the magnetizing winding, I is the current in amperes, and l is the mean path length of the ring in centimeters. In using Epstein samples, it is nec- essary to...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (3)
... directly, giving (4-52) 4. ∗Incremental intrinsic permeability m ∆i . The ratio of the change in intrinsic induction to the corresponding change in magnetizing force when the mean induction differs ... metal for construc- tion purposes. Strengthening for castings is obtained by alloying elements. The alloys most suit- able for cold rolling seldom contain less than 90% to 95% aluminum. By alloying, ... slope of the nor- mal induction curve at the origin of linear B and H axes. 7. ∗Intrinsic permeability m i . The ratio of intrinsic induction to the corresponding magnetizing force. 8. ∗Maximum...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (4)
... together 2. The “inverted lightbulb” of the BWR, which is a concrete cavity in the shape described with a pressure-retaining steel liner 3. The domed cylinder for the PWR; the cylinder of reinforced concrete ... occurred through increasing the temperature of saturated steam supplied to the turbine, by increasing the turbine inlet temperature through constant-pressure superheat, by reducing the sink temperature, ... Extraction or “bleeding” of steam at state c for use in the “open” heater avoids excessive cooling of the vapor during turbine expansion; in the heater, liquid from the condenser increases in temperature...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (5)
... thrust bearing for normal loading and an “inactive” thrust bearing for reverse loading. The control-valve gear-activating equipment in a turbine usually is mounted on top of the turbine casing at ... gas turbines has been for aircraft propulsion, where the turbine dri- ves only the compressor and the remaining energy is used for thrust. The industrial gas-turbine industry started in the late ... used to cool the turbine parts. The highest-pressure turbine airfoils contain inter- nal cooling passages in order to maintain the metal temperature at acceptable levels for durability, while...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (6)
... consisting of a cylinder of magnetic steel. In modern generators, the cylinder is formed from a single forging of vacuum degassed steel. The field winding is contained in radial slots in the ... can be coordinated with cooling of the stator core. 7.10.5 Direct and Indirect Cooling Direct cooling, the norm for rotor windings and widely used in stator windings, exposes the cooling medium ... steel. In turbine generators, the rotor is typically made of a single-piece forging of steel with slots for the field winding cut by machining. The losses caused by harmonic driven eddy currents in...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (7)
... armature-core length, in K 1 ϭ 18.5 for noncommutating-pole machines ϭ 0 for machines with commutating-pole length ϭ L r K 2 ϭ 1.0 for machines using nonmagnetic bands ϭ 1.7 for machines using magnetic ... width required for insulation, varnish, and stacking factor is about 0.140 in. With the wedge space included, the insulation-depth require- ment is about 0.400 in. Compensating Winding Calculations q ... 8-13 reverses in both the armature and the commutating field, and proper canceling is maintained. Note that the strength of the commutating-pole winding must be greater than the armature-winding ampere-turns...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (8)
... described in detail in other chapters of this handbook. In some cases, however, spe- cialized equipment has been developed for hydropower applications. The following information is intended to ... etc. Bulkhead gate. A gate used either for temporary closure of a channel or conduit before dewater- ing it for inspection or maintenance or for closure against flowing water. Bulkhead gates nearly always ... systems; elevators; intake and discharge gates and valves; penstock drainage and unwatering systems; station drainage system; air receivers for draft tube water depressing system; insulating and lubricating...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (9)
... transformers with five-leg cores, transformers with the primary winding outside the secondary winding, three-winding transformers, substation transformers, etc. Sinusoidal voltage is induced in windings ... by considering each pair of windings as a two-winding transformer. (10-9) where I A ϭ rms amperes reference current referred to winding P; I P ϭ rms amperes in winding P; I SP ϭ rms amperes in winding ... amperes in winding S referred to winding P; I TP ϭ rms amperes in winding T referred to winding P; L PS ϭ watts load loss in windings P and S as a two-winding transformer at I A ; L PT , L ST ϭ similar;...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (10)
... decreases with decreasing linear tip speed. For more information on wind turbine acoustics, refer to Ref. 11. 11.5.13. Wildlife Considerations By karin Sinclair As wind turbines are installed across ... power in an insulated box, which has been successfully used for cooking. Solar cooking is helping many developing countries both by reducing the demands for local firewood and maintaining a cleaner ... useful for planning pur- poses, but being able to forecast the wind accurately for one or two days could provide a significant economic benefit, allowing utility engineers to plan ahead for wind...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (11)
... Concepts The major change of industry restructuring is the use of markets to connect the information needs between each link in the supply chain instead of a separate company in a power geographic area. Several ... most influ- ential with regard to load–growth forecasts since predicting what will happen with these foreign countries complicates it immensely instead of just focusing on what is happening within ... consumption in emerging Asia will double between 2002 and 2025. With such strong changes in an industry as this, forecasting becomes very difficult. Likewise, updating a forecast to be able to account for...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (12)
... value in having cash available to use for whatever investment opportunity may appear in the future. Before one person will lend money to another, the interest earned must compensate the lender for ... after-tax cash income 627 550 601 664 745 3187 Note: The original owner investment of $1000 returns over $3000 in 5 years for an internal rate of return of 54.5%. Leveraging the owner’s equity investment ... rate. If retained earnings are used in one project, they are unavail- able for use in others. The opportunity cost of using those funds is the rate of return that could be earned by investing those...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (13)
... transmission line are not available. Combined Ice and Wind Loading. For combined ice and wind loading conditions, the glaze ice thickness determined from Fig. 14-20 should be combined with a wind speed ... elongate about 0.01% for every 1000-lb /in 2 change in tension. In the preceding example, the increase in temperature caused an increase in length and sag and a decrease in tension, but the effect ... capital investment F L ϭ line fixed-charge rate in percent ADC n ϭ per mile demand charge for line losses for year n AEC n ϭ per mile energy charge for line losses for year n The cost of line losses...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (14)
... the largest voltage swing, and also to ensure that the ratio between the line winding and a possible tertiary winding is fixed. The current in the transformer windings contains hardly any harmonics ... fir- ing in rectifier operation. Minimum commutation margin control is used in inverter operation to maintain the minimum voltage time area to ensure successful recovery of forward blocking capability after ... losses are lower for an HVDC line than an EHV ac line since the same current is flowing in two sets of con- ductors in a bipolar dc line compared to three conductors for a 3-phase ac line. Furthermore,...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers hu (15)
... with a tolerance (for each tie line). This allows the accuracy of tie- line telemetry information to be continuously monitored. Energy accounting maintains actual tie-line data for each hour of ... historic and economic information. This group of related software packages puts that information to work in forecasting loads, schedul- ing units and generation, evaluating Economy B type transactions ... OPERATIONS Interchange Scheduling. The interchange transaction scheduler (ITS) function supports the oper- ator in entering (defining), editing, and reviewing power interchange schedules with neighboring control...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
handbook for electrical engineers (16)
... Deflection, Stress, in Loading in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 1 1 / 4 Bare 1.54 2130 1 / 2 Љ ice 3.54 4900 1 / 2 Љ ice + 8 lb 4.42 6110 wind 1Љ ice 6.47 ... Deflection, Stress, Deflection, Stress, Deflection, Stress, in Loading in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 in lb /in 2 1 1 / 4 Bare 1.45 2010 3.54 3135 1 / 2 Љ ice 3.94 ... grounding mat. A most useful source of information concerning substation grounding is contained in the compre- hensive guide IEEE Standard 80-1986, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding...
Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:12
